歴史学 — 全 下位分類

Aspects of Judean Life focuses on Elephantine during the fifth century BCE, developing a comprehensive model of Achaemenid Persian imperial governance in Egypt and situating the Judean colony within that framework. It reconsiders the colony at Elephantine not as a band of foreign mercenaries living private lives but as colonial state dependents embedded within Achaemenid systems of land-for-service taxation and imperial administration. Far from isolated, the Judeans emerge as active participants in-and beneficiaries of-the structures of empire.

Part 1 offers a cultural history of Imperial Aramaic scribal practice in the Persian period, drawing on Egyptian and Babylonian evidence alongside Phoenician scribal culture. Part 2 reinterprets the Elephantine Papyri through close philological and historical analysis, resolving long-standing problems concerning ethnic designation, administrative purpose, and community sociology. Part 3 reconstructs the professional networks of Judean temple administrators through analysis of Aramaic ostraca and examines the community's role in systems of production, rationing, and taxation.

By placing Elephantine in dialogue with evidence from the Nile Delta, Babylonia, and other imperial settlements, this study offers a nuanced account of how Persian policies were locally implemented. It will be an indispensable resource for scholars of the ancient Near East, biblical studies, and imperial history.

This book offers a concise and original history of anti-fascism through the Italian case, tracing its evolution from its origins in opposition to Fascism to its contemporary transformations and crisis, while reinterpreting it as a dynamic and generative tradition rather than a fixed historical legacy.

Readers will gain a deeper understanding of anti-fascism as a complex and evolving political, social, and cultural phenomenon, as well as critical tools to interpret current debates on democracy, the far right, and political memory in Italy and beyond. The book shows how anti-fascism has continually redefined itself across different historical phases - from the Resistance to postwar social movements, decolonisation, and contemporary politics - highlighting its capacity to generate new meanings and practices. It addresses pressing questions about the relationship between today's political actors, including Giorgia Meloni's government, and the anti-fascist foundations of the Italian Republic, offering insights that resonate far beyond the national context. Combining historical analysis with a broad interpretive perspective, the book challenges conventional narratives that reduce anti-fascism to a closed chapter of the past, instead presenting it as a living framework for understanding democracy and social justice. By engaging with themes such as nationalism, racism, and the persistence of authoritarian tendencies, it equips readers with a critical lens to analyse both historical continuities and present-day transformations.

The book will appeal to scholars and students of modern Italian history, political history, anti-fascism studies, European studies, political theory, and contemporary politics. It will also appeal to general readers interested in the history of Fascism and anti-fascism, as well as those seeking to understand current political developments in Italy and the broader global rise of the far right.

Reexamining a seminal work on British capitalism and Caribbean slavery and its continuing reverberations in the twenty-first century

Eric Williams's Capitalism and Slavery (1944), with its insightful and provocative theses about the relationship between Caribbean slavery and the growth of the British economy and the Industrial Revolution, has proved an enduring and controversial book. Never out of print since its publication, it is constantly being reevaluated and reassessed in the light of changing scholarship and new understandings of race, slavery, and capitalism. Recent years have seen considerable interest in the topics that first motivated Williams's lively and polemical work. The essays in this collection dissect the links between the existence of racial slavery in the Americas, the concomitant rise of capitalism, and the vital role of both slavery and capitalism in the making of the modern world-essential topics not just in the reevaluation of Williams's ideas for the twenty-first century but as areas of fierce interest and even fiercer debate in contemporary intellectual life.

Casting light across the US-Mexico borderlands, Carlos Alonso Nugent reveals the region's "imagined environments"-the frameworks through which its human groups have represented, related to, and resided in their more-than-human worlds. While these imagined environments can feel immersive and even immutable, Nugent explains how they have in fact emerged in everything from Apache pictographs to US and Mexican laws to novels, poems, paintings, and photographs. By showing how the larger imagined environments have shaped and been shaped by such cultural constituents, he revises accepted accounts of relational racialization. Advancing from 1848 to the present, he demonstrates that whiteness has coevolved with western water infrastructures, that Latinidades have developed through divergent forms of land tenure, and that Native nations have thrived not only by staying in specific places but also by migrating across vast spaces. With such stories, Nugent complicates the environmental humanities; even as he argues that media have naturalized our use and abuse of the planet, he still explores how they have helped us love places we have never been and care for creatures we have never met.

This book is the first comprehensive overview of debates about national character and race in modern Romania. It also argues that the Holocaust in Romania should be understood as the result not just of anti-Semitism but also of biopolitical nationalism. Finally, the book suggests that the eugenic ideal of the 'perfect' Romanian did not disappear at the end of the Second World War, but was embedded in the socialist definitions of the 'new man/woman' emerging under communism.

Illuminating and captivating stories of life in the American Revolutionary era, from the dean of Virginia history

Brent Tarter knows how to make history come alive. More than that, he knows that the best histories encompass everyone, not just "great men" making speeches in domed statehouses. Drawing on a celebrated career's worth of experience in the archive, producing scholarship aimed not at the ivory tower but at the general reader, Vignettes of Revolutionary Virginia gathers together the most dramatic, poignant, and compelling tales of ordinary people who lived through the extraordinary days of the American Revolution.

As in Vignettes of Colonial Virginia, Tarter relates the incredible stories of his subjects in their own words. They show how life for everyone in Virginia then was radically different from life for anyone in Virginia now. They illuminate the differences that emerged between the struggle for independence and the revolution that it set in motion, and they illustrate the consequences of the disconnect between the Revolutionary language of liberty of 1776 and the continuing existence of slavery and of the hierarchical society of the colonial period. The past may be a foreign country, but Tarter is a handy, engaging guide.

A fascinating window into America's past via one of our favorite foods.

There is no humbler food than bread, none easier to take for granted. So ancient that it shows up in prehistoric sites, bread is still full of surprises. Heirloom grains and artisan loaves fetch top dollar, while home bakers pour their passion into naan and challah, anadama and pistolet.

In this book, award-winning author Andrew Coe provides the definitive history of American bread, from European settlers' introduction to corn through the COVID-era sourdough craze. Each chapter follows an emblematic loaf that connects flour, water, salt, and yeast to the evolving story of American agriculture, industry, immigration, and ideas about health.

Why did supermarket white become America's dominant bread, and how did rustic old-world bagels, ryes, and rolls find their way into our kitchens? Who was the early nineteenth-century dietary reformer who started the whole-grain revolution? Why not knead? An enriching and enlightening cultural chronicle, American Bread answers these questions and more and offers carefully sourced historical recipes to inspire the home baker.

This book offers the first comprehensive prosopographical and comparative study of permanent apostolic nunciatures in post-Tridentine Europe (1562-1605), substantially extending earlier chronological repertories.

During this period of institutional reconfiguration, apostolic nuncios operated at the intersection of spiritual leadership and secular politics. Rather than treating diplomacy as a series of bilateral exchanges, the study analyses the nunciature system as a transregional network through which the Holy See projected universal claims, managed confessional divisions, and shaped the political order of early modern Europe. Drawing on a dataset of one hundred and four nuncios, the book combines quantitative analysis with institutional and intellectual history. It reconstructs patterns of recruitment, education, social background, and career advancement, showing how diplomatic service related to episcopal promotion and advancement within the Roman Curia, including the cardinalate and the papacy. The study also examines the functioning of nunciatures at major European courts - from Iberia and France to the Holy Roman Empire and Poland-Lithuania - and highlights their role in implementing Catholic Reform. Finally, it presents the nunciature as a 'writing workshop' that generated political knowledge, legal reflection, and detailed mappings of confessional Europe.

The volume will interest scholars and graduate students of early modern, Church, and diplomatic history and provides a solid empirical basis for understanding papal diplomacy and European state formation in the age of confessional conflict.

Reveals the untold story of over 6,000 women who ran for office between 1850-1920, expanding our understanding of women's fight for full political citizenship beyond suffrage

Her Hat Was in the Ring details the fascinating story of the thousands of women who ran for elective office in the United States between 1850 and 1920. Contrary to popular belief, women's right to vote and the right to hold elective office weren't always tied to one another. Whether women could become candidates, and for which offices, was determined by each state. For several decades after 1850, women ran for local and some state offices without themselves sometimes having the right to vote, motivated by the desire to advance women's rights and serve their communities as well as personal ambition.

Drawing on newspapers, state government reports, historical and biographical archives, and other resources, historians Wendy E. Chmielewski and Jill Norgren trace the legal, social, and cultural shifts across the country that made it possible for women to gain election to political office. This history is told through the stories of the trailblazing women candidates who ran in thousands of elective campaigns. Chmielewski and Norgren examine how these women were received in their communities, in male-dominated political parties and legislatures, and what administrative and policy contributions they made once elected.

This book expands our understanding of American women's demand for full citizenship, a struggle that included the successful battle for the right to elective office. At once comprehensive and deeply compelling, Her Hat Was in the Ring illuminates the revolutionary efforts of these candidates throughout this virtually unknown, yet fascinating chapter in American history.

In 1802 Humphry Davy hailed a new era in which science was empowering mankind as never before: 'it has', he said, 'bestowed upon him powers which may be almost called creative; which have enabled him to modify and change the beings surrounding him, and by his experiments to interrogate nature with power, not simply as a scholar, passive and seeking only to understand her operations, but rather as a master, active with his own instruments.' This statement, which Mary Shelley had in mind when she invented Victor Frankenstein, made of the scientist a Romantic, sublime figure - a dominant male who penetrated nature at will. It neatly epitomised the increased cultural authority that science acquired in the years 1770-1837; it also heralded a modern, industrial society that benefited from the technologies and treatments which organised science enabled, yet at the same time degraded the planet. As Davy knew, it was in the Romantic era that scientists pioneered vaccination - the technique that has saved millions from early death and tamed once fatal diseases; it was also in that era that they developed the carbon-burning machines that, in the process of driving the factory, the railway and the steamship, led to today's climate change. This anthology will present cross-sections of the developments that Davy - and Mary Shelley - witnessed and predicted. It aims, that is to say, not only to offer a collection of great discoveries - especially those that impacted literature - but also to reveal some of the ways in which science came to power and how it began to achieve the status, for good and ill, that it possesses today.

Exploring the dynamic interplay between religion and revolution in the founding era

Religion lies at the heart of how many Americans understand the birth of their nation, giving rise to passionate calls for national unity and principled struggles for religious freedom. For the first time in thirty years, scholars of the founding era have joined together to reassess this central topic for our present moment. From fast-day proclamations to wartime crises of conscience, from Americans caught between multiple political interests to citizens of the new republic trying to reconcile revivalistic faith with the voices of the Enlightenment, the historians gathered here address timeless topics and open new terrain. Together, they present a world in which Americans of many faiths responded to new challenges and unprecedented situations.

This fascinating portrait of religion in the Revolutionary era takes readers through topics as varied as the circulation of radical theological manuscripts in New England to the ways that the Revolutionary generation demanded more religious protections in their new governing documents. It examines the complex relationship between freedom, emancipation, and religion within and across new borders, elucidating the complex relationship between religion, revolution, and the new United States.

Frontiers are dynamic geographical spaces where state-building and geopolitical control continuously shape complex social imaginations. The British Empire's construction of frontiers in South Asia represents one of history's most consequential exercises in territorial control and cultural transformation. The eastern Himalayas, a natural frontier separating China from South Asia, became a site of contested ambitions enacted, imposed and resisted both within and beyond imperialist control. This geographical region remains a critical focus for understanding the interplay of imperial forces and frontier dynamics.

Set in British India's Northeastern Frontier Region, this book examines urban emergence from colonial annexation in 1826 through independence in 1947. Drawing on archival sources and colonial cartography, it traces how key towns materialised along India's northeastern frontier as instruments of imperial control. The study reveals how British perceptions of the Brahmaputra valley as a navigable corridor through the formidable Eastern Himalayas drove strategic urbanisation. Through an in-depth analysis of Dibrugarh, the book illuminates frontier urbanism shaped by resource extraction, military conflict and racialised spatial segregation-introducing the concept of "frontier urbanism" to explain how peripheral towns functioned within imperial networks.

Part of the Empire and Frontiers series, this book is essential for scholars and students of history, anthropology, borderland studies, cultural studies, imperial history and the humanities. It offers critical perspectives on how colonial spatial practices continue to influence contemporary geopolitics in Asia's borderlands, making it valuable for researchers examining empire, territoriality and the enduring legacies of colonial urbanism.

What happens when Holocaust historians leave their academic bubble and start interacting with laypeople? This book investigates practices and discourses of historical distance and their effects on vernacular understandings of the Holocaust among white, middle-class Europeans. In five chapters, Historical Distance and the Holocaust describes and explains how historians, in interactions with laypeople, strip the Holocaust of its moral meaning and emotional load, narrate it as a 'system', and use sick Holocaust humour as distancing strategy.

A detailed interactional analysis and thick ethnographic description demonstrate how the temporal, moral and emotional distancing practices reenforce the lay moralities and political subjectivities of the white middle-class. This comes with (mostly unintended) consequences. Distanced approaches to the Holocaust in non-academic environments reduce empathy for victims and survivors, normalize violence, disconnect the meaning of the Holocaust from contemporary conflict, and re-activate stereotypes about groups who employ more 'close' approaches to the Holocaust.

A dramatic reappraisal and retelling of the destruction of the American Union

To Save Us All from Slavery's Power is a novel assessment of the culmination of the sectional crisis before the Civil War. It is a story of mutual misunderstanding, journalistic mendacity, and irreconcilable visions of the country's future. With threats of disunion and rebellion rising in a thunderous chorus from the South in 1860, how could Republicans not have believed them until it was too late?

As Summers shows, Republicans in 1860 found it difficult to take the disunionist threat seriously because they knew that their party posed no imminent danger to slavery where it existed. But by then Americans were living in different political realities, and white Southerners could not see Republicans as anything less than an existential threat. To Save Us All from Slavery's Power describes in dramatic detail how negative perceptions between the sections festered, and how the antagonism between them reached, and then went past, the breaking point.

This book reconstructs the Italian 'land conquest' plans to Italianise the territories conquered after the victory in the First World War: South Tyrol (or Alto Adige, in Italian), Venezia Giulia, Istria).

The volume's focus is on the twenty-year Fascist period, but also shows how such plans originated even earlier and remained present for at least the first decade after the fall of Fascism. It examines two crucial nodes: the conception developed by the Italian side towards the annexed populations after the Great War in terms of nationality, and the reclamation and colonisation plans with Italian farmers, conceived and promoted by nationalists and fascists.

Italian Land: Owning the Soil to Secure the Borders, 1915-1954 will be beneficial to scholars of contemporary history and the history of fascism.

Resistance in New England Slavery: Venture's America offers a comprehensive exploration of the diverse methods of resistance employed by enslaved people in New England between 1650 and 1800.

Drawing on an extensive range of archival sources including newspapers, petitions, court records, and enslaved people's narratives, this book explores how enslaved individuals challenged their bondage, and how enslavers and colonial authorities responded, across the colonial and Revolutionary eras. Organized thematically, the book examines key forms of resistance, including violence, running away, freedom suits, manumission, and petitions for abolition. It uniquely examines Native American and African American slavery side by side, demonstrating how Indigenous resistance shaped African American resistance strategies well into the eighteenth century, and further, how resistance shaped the abolition movement.

Ideal for undergraduate and graduate students of slavery, early American history, and the Atlantic world, the volume provides a valuable resource for teaching and research on resistance and abolition.

How New York's elite claimed authority over social welfare in the wake of the Triangle Shirtwaist Tragedy

In American history, few tragedies have been as consequential-and as enduringly misunderstood-as the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911. Long remembered as a turning point in the struggle for labor protections, Fire in the Heart of the City shows how the fire also helped transform another cornerstone of modern American life: the rise of modern charity.

Set in early twentieth-century New York, the book tells the extraordinary story of what happened when a catastrophic fire in Greenwich Village threw Adolph Ochs, the ambitious new publisher of the New York Times, and Rose Schneiderman, a defiant young labor organizer, into a momentous struggle over who should organize the city's response: a rising charity sector led by wealthy financiers and civic elites, or the reform-minded unions and activists of Lower Manhattan.

Drawing on newly released archival documents, interviews with the descendants of Times publisher Adolph Ochs and New York labor organizers, previously confidential reports, and long-overlooked private diaries and correspondence, historian and former journalist David Conrad-Perez offers a striking new account of the disaster and its aftermath. He shows how a handful of charities on the brink of irrelevance were suddenly recast as New York's best answer to the social and economic conditions the fire laid bare-a watershed moment in the rise of modern charity and elite authority over social welfare in the United States.

In the months after the fire, the Times and its philanthropic allies joined forces to popularize the idea that social crises should be managed not by immigrant reformers, labor advocates, or neighborhood coalitions, but by a select class of elite and supposedly "scientific" charitable institutions. In doing so, they elevated a new language of expertise around poverty and public welfare that would leave a lasting mark on American civic life.

A deeply researched and absorbing work of narrative history, Fire in the Heart of the City offers a major reinterpretation of one of the most important urban disasters in American history, revealing how a single catastrophe helped reshape not only the politics of labor, but also the moral and institutional foundations of modern American charity.

Who still remembers Tito's Yugoslav Partisans? Once worshipped by some, now disparaged by others (or even by the very same), they remain largely unknown to the English-speaking public. This book enables readers to discover them through a meticulous reconstruction of their everyday life in the liberated territories. How did the Partisans stop interethnic violence? How did they foster the political participation of young people and women? What was the role of the Communist Party? What were the principles of the economy in the liberated territories? What were the Partisans' views on justice, revenge and forgiveness? These are just some of the questions the author seeks to answer. The book also goes further, however, showing what makes up a resistance or revolutionary movement in the extreme conditions of war-where everyone must prove themselves, or perish.

Women, Violence and Twentieth Century Warfare explores the unspoken and hidden impact of war and violent conflict on women, focusing on the case study of Ireland within a broader framework of ethical remembrance.

The violence experienced in the decades after the Irish revolution (1919-23), up to the period encompassing the later "Troubles" in Northern Ireland (1968-98) left enduring social and psychological impacts on society, both in and outside of Ireland. Linda Connolly clearly and systematically synthesises these experiences into a narrative picture which incorporates in-depth research conducted across multiple sources and documents. The book explores the wider relationship between war, gender and violence in twentieth century conflicts, using examples such as forced hair taking, sexual violence, psychological trauma, and migration. Coming up to the end of the twentieth century, the volume sheds light not only on what happened to women during revolution, but also long after, as well as addressing questions around why women experienced violence in the way they did.

Bringing together ideas from feminist theories of war, women's history, and trauma-informed research, this book will be of interest to students and a scholars of Gender Studies and Irish Studies internationally.

This book presents case studies that analyse the diplomatic uses and functions of robes, furniture, weapons, tools, jewelry, paintings, sculptures, books, food, and other material objects in early modern inter-cultural diplomatic encounters in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific world.

Readers will gain insights into the material dimensions of early modern diplomacy and the cultural logics and diplomatic rationales of object use in a wide range of regional, political, and imperial contexts spanning the Habsburg Empire, France, Spain, the Ottoman Empire, British and French colonial North America, colonial Mexico, Hawaii, and the South Seas. Transcending the established topic of gift exchanges, the volume aims at an analysis of the overall material settings of early modern diplomatic encounters. With its clear temporal focus on the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the source-driven case studies on concrete objects and object groups open multiple paths into the complexities of the early modern era as a formative phase in the history of diplomacy.

The book is intended for historians of the early modern period, particularly diplomatic history, political history, art history, cultural history, religious history, and regional history. It is also relevant for scholars in the field of material culture studies, ethnography, and museology.

From the cotton boll to the Cotton Bowl in modern American culture

There are few places on earth as thoroughly identified with a crop as the American South is with cotton. Burgundy is known for wine, and Java has coffee. In the South, for most of its history, cotton was king. Through much of the twentieth century, cotton cultivation determined nearly every aspect of life in the region. In Bale After Bale, leading historians and cultural critics offer multifaceted examinations and multimedia approaches to understanding the place of cotton in the twentieth-century South.

The essays in this collection examine the history of the hands that picked and processed cotton, the communities who celebrated cotton, the unions who organized cotton workers, the connections between cotton farmers in the South and banana farmers in Latin America, the portrayal of cotton in Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County, the poems and songs of the boll weevil, the role of cotton in blues music, the depiction of cotton on the silver screen, and the memories of people displaced by mechanical cotton pickers. As these essays demonstrate, understanding the nature of cotton's persistence into the twentieth century and the decline of the cotton economy are crucial to understanding the contemporary South and today's United States.