心理学 — 全 下位分類

Recent data indicates that the psychological distress of college students is on the rise. College students are increasingly culturally diverse and psychological distress in some areas is greater for minoritized students. College Student Mental Health and Wellness addresses this phenomenon that has been referred to in the popular media as the 'college mental health crisis' in a comprehensive and data-driven way.

Jeffrey A. Hayes moves us forward in our understanding of these issues so that we might more effectively work with our students and those who support them. Chapters cover theories of college student development and common psychological problems among college students (including anxiety, depression and substance abuse), and important aspects of college student well-being (such as identity, peer relationships and career preparedness).

Drawing on a large amount of data collected from both students in the general population as well as those seeking mental health services at U.S. colleges and universities, College Student Mental Health and Wellness illuminates the types of distress on the rise, the potential underpinnings of this distress and how administrators, educators, mental health professionals and others might better understand and work with these issues.

This SpringerBrief is an extension of the article "Parallelization: the fourth leg of cultural globalization theory" (Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 2021) by Dr. Bjoern Boman. The original article consisted of four main examples of parallelization, and has been expanded to include chapters on Korea, Russia-Ukraine, and Georgia. This book points to the relations between oppositely directed processes and the need for theoretical modelling of complex societal processes.

This book examines mindfulness-based programs for children and adolescents with diverse needs as well as their parents and other family members. It addresses how a mindfulness approach has been translated to this specific population. Chapters explore theories and evidence in this growing field of interest, adaptations for children and teens with different diagnoses and their families, mindful parenting in relation to the developmental needs of children, implementation issues in everyday life, and the required competencies of mindfulness instructors.

Key areas of coverage include:

• Application of mindfulness-based programs to address the developmental tasks and diverse needs of children and adolescents encountering challenges in mental health and social care.
• Mindfulness-based programs for parents and teachers and their impacts on children.
• Implementation science and ethics of mindfulness training across child developmental stages.

Mindfulness for Children, Adolescents, and Families is an essential resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians, therapists, and allied practitioners in developmental psychology, school psychology, child and adolescent psychology, social work, public health, pediatrics, complementary and alternative medicine, and all related disciplines.

Over the last 20 years, so-called regression-based normative methods have become increasingly popular. In this approach, regression models for the mean and the residual variance structure are used to derive the normative data. The regression-based normative approach has some important advantages over the traditional normative approach, e.g., it allows for deriving more fine-grained norms and typically requires a substantially smaller sample size to derive accurate norms.

This book focuses on regression-based methods to derive normative data. The target audience are psychologists and other researchers in the behavioral sciences who are interested in deriving normative data for psychological tests (e.g., cognitive tests, questionnaires, rating scales, etc.). The book provides the essential theoretical background that is needed to understand the methodology, with a strong emphasis on the practical/real-life application of the methodology. To this end, the book is also accompanied by an open-source software package (the R library NormData) that is used to exemplify how normative data can be derived in several case studies.

Rethinking Identity Fusion presents a critique of Identity Fusion Theory, an identity-based social psychological approach to understanding pro-group extremism. It scrutinises the theory's main theoretical claims and research methods, exposing serious inconsistencies and gaps in how the theory handles the concept of identity and in its research programme. The book demonstrates the flattening of the theory's main concept, "identity fusion", and the general state of confusion in the recent literature as to the theory's claims and predictions.

Offering aspiring leaders a chance to learn from the experience of deans, vice presidents, and presidents who have served at different types of institutions around the country, Leadership Talks: Candid Conversations with Academic Leaders, presents a half dozen extended interviews with current and former administrators that cover their paths to leadership, how they navigate evolving challenges in higher education, and how they have learned from failure. These leaders come from diverse backgrounds and have worked at a mix of public and private institutions. Their campuses ranged from two-year, open access institutions to selective four-year research universities in six states across the U.S.

As colleges and universities face intensifying challenges, Leadership Talks offers a new model of seven essential skills and qualities for 21st century academic leadership. Many campus leaders will need to navigate a looming enrolment cliff, campus protests, increasing public scrutiny, budget cuts, and new court decisions and state legislation curtailing efforts to increase diversity. Each chapter offers insights about how campus leaders have addressed those challenges in the past and hope for how campuses can thrive in the future.

Presenting a diverse and inclusive overview of academic leadership, this timely work will be of use and interest to current, future, and aspiring leaders in higher education, along with higher education scholars and students.

Humour is officially recognized in positive psychology as one of the 24 'character strengths'. However, laughter has an uneasy relationship with positive psychology, despite being key to communicating joy and happiness.The Positive Psychology of Laughter and Humour corrects this disconnect by combining academic insight with real-world experience. Drawing on the authors' diverse backgrounds and expertise, this is the first academic volume dedicated to the rarely discussed topic of laughter and humour in positive psychology.

Freda Gonot-Schoupinsky, Merv Neal and Jerome Carson demonstrate how laughter and humour differ, and how both can be applied within positive psychology to boost mood and maintain positive outcomes.The Positive Psychology of Laughter and Humour includes case studies and real-world insight as well as providing a methodological and theoretical background to the topic, giving rigorous theoretical and methodological insight for researchers, and including pedagogical sections in each chapter useful for teachers and researchers.

This monograph is an extension of the earlier monographs dealing with the application of the new modified involuted manifold model. This monograph has two objectives. Firstly, it seeks to integrate neuronal organization with cognitive functionalities. Secondly, it tries to formalize a structural template of cognitive functionalities. It is based on the postulate that cognitive functionalities are essentially natural phenomena and therefore amenable to formal naturalistic description. Therefore, it employs a topological model of spacetime proposed earlier to define a new framework wherein neuronal networks occupy the four-dimensional configurations of spacetime, and cognitive functionalities occupy higher dimensional configurations of spacetime. Using the Darwinian conception of natural selection, the monograph outlines a model of natural selection operating at more than one level. Thus, natural selection at the four-dimensional configurations of spacetime leads to structural agnosticism so prevalent in neuronal organization. At the same time, natural selection at the higher dimensional configurations of spacetime leads to natural selection of cognitive functionalities. Since the proposed model offers a new computational paradigm formalized in another monograph, this monograph provides a new way to formalize cognitive computations.

To thrive in academia, wellbeing must be understood and nurtured. Recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic has left the landscape of higher education altered and uncertain, resulting in a range of important considerations which can jeopardise wellbeing and positive mental health of those working within the academic community.

Written with a core understanding of wellbeing and the different challenges and stresses on our mental health, this easily digestible and accessible text encourages those in academia to reflect upon how they are functioning, both in and out of the classroom, offering a range of suggestions for smarter ways of working. A deeper discussion threads through on the balance between job satisfaction and life satisfaction, and calls educators and academics to remember why they entered academia in the first place and how to maintain these values in a way that continues to inspire and drive us.

Containing 'critical questions', Nurturing Wellbeing in Academia provides useful, practical ideas to help maintain or to recapture a feeling of wellbeing. Topics discussed include applying for promotions, research grants, mentoring, using social media and publishing pressures. This is an ideal resource for those who may be considering transitioning into higher education, helping to prepare them for the challenges and cognitive load that academia can bring.

This brief recognizes aggression and violent behavior as a public health crisis and provides a review of the role of sleep disruption as a precursor to aggression. It offers clinical practitioners and researchers a synopsis of sleep assessments and intervention strategies that can be utilized to enhance sleep quality/quantity or target sleep disorders along with an overview of the potential effects that sleep interventions may have on aggressive behaviors. The volume also gives special consideration to the possible contributions of sleep disruption in institutional aggression. It provides recommendations for such environments (i.e., correctional facilities, nursing homes, psychiatric institutions, schools) to inform policy and future research efforts.

Compiled from 10 years of research, with chapters contributed by experts in the field, we demonstrate how tourism will benefit from applying a new paradigm found in mainstream psychology, termed here the 'Cognitive Wave'. Tourism professionals who apply this will benefit by identifying how they apply concepts such as attention, emotion, sensations, and memory in their work, and critically understand how to measure them.

The work is arranged into five sections. Section 1 introduces the 'Cognitive Wave' and discusses the potential advantages and disadvantages. Section 2 introduces the mental processes central to cognition. Sections 4 and 5 provide examples of disambiguation, translating tourism concepts and theories into those of cognitive psychology.

Every chapter highlights relevant existing research and opportunities for further developments. Real-world examples of the application of theory and methods to tourism, hospitality, events, leisure, and service fields are provided. There are many opportunities for developing these, and other topics, further and in developing the work of the invisible college which underpins the silent shift to the 'Cognitive Wave'.

This book is about child sexual abuse in India. Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious and wide-spread problem in India as it is in many parts of the world today. The trauma associated with sexual abuse can contribute to arrested development, as well as a host of psychological and emotional disorders, that some children and adolescents may never overcome. This edited book discusses the nature and incidence of the sexual abuse of minors in India and presents an overview of research findings to date. Socio-cultural and familial risk factors involved in CSA are discussed. Common symptoms and disorders associated with sexual abuse are outlined. The book also provides guidance on child protective services, coordinated response in preventing child abuse, mental health, and law enforcement. Finally, it discusses cognitive behavioral interventions to overcome the trauma caused due to sexual abuse.

This book explores how theories of cognition inform our theoretical understanding of business models and business model innovation. A business model can either be viewed as an objective description of an activity system, or as an abstract, conceptual, and perceptual construct, that is the result of cognition. From this second point of view, the business model becomes a schematic mental model that is created, shaped, and shared over time. In other words, managers hold in their mind perceptual constructs that constitute schemas of the business model.

This book examines how the underlying processes of the creation, shaping, and sharing of business (mental) models take place at individual, organizational, and even inter-organizational levels. Theories of managerial and organizational cognition are explored to inform our understanding of business modelling and business model innovation. The reader is thus provided with an overview of existing literature and reflections on future avenues of research to explore the cognitive foundations of business modelling.

This book is about access to mental health care in South Asia. South Asia consists of eight countries with low and middle-income backgrounds. The region contains a combined population of about 2 billion, making up about a quarter of the global population. The people of this region share common cultures, beliefs, and behavioral patterns regarding physical and mental health. Among them, about 15% (about 300 million) have been suffering from common mental disorders. However, there is a persisting high treatment gap for mental illness in the region. Hence, despite having a mental illness, only a small percentage of the population is able to have access to essential mental healthcare. Though governments are trying to bridge the gap by improving mental health policies and programs, it is still a major challenge delivering mental healthcare to all people in need. Due to the income category and dual disease burden of the countries, there are some additional enduring challenges like poor funding and research, inadequate and inequitable manpower, huge out-of-pocket expenses, poor mental health literacy, income disparity, and high stigma. This book aims to highlight the issues related to accessing mental health services in a densely populated low and middle-income setting. This book is the first of its kind in comparing and contrasting the delivery status of mental health services in South Asian countries.

Emerging from an era of changing mental health and addiction services, Different Diagnoses, Similar Experiences is the first work in its field to gather narratives of mental health, addiction and dual diagnoses into one publication, as well as to critically examine the differences and similarities of these experiences.

Documenting their own personal narratives, contributors share their unique journey to recovery, while Michael John Norton and Oliver John Cullen construct a series of recommendations for those working within similar circumstances to understand and embrace both the individuality and the shared experience of the recovery process.

Giving voice to those in recovery who have chosen to channel their real-life experiences for the sake of helping others, this timely work offers valuable insights for researchers, mental health professionals, family members and support networks, as well as anyone whose life has been touched by the shadows of mental illness, addiction or dual diagnosis.