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This book provides a shortform definitive reference text on death and funeral practices in Norway as of the 2020s.

This volume begins with a short introduction and historical overview, followed by a description of the demographics and legal framework, before featuring a range of chapters on governance and the funeral industry. Both religious and non-religious funeral practices are examined, and the three major funeral practices in Norway - funerals conducted by the Church of Norway, humanist funerals organised by The Norwegian Humanist Association, and open-faith funerals - are described. The chapters cover a broad range of topics including typical funerals and cost breakdowns; the cemetery; various grave types including coffins, urns, named memorial gardens, and columbaria; and the practice of re-using graves. In addition, a chapter devoted to cremation, the rise in its use, and current cremation technologies also examines the practice of ash scattering which has been legal in Norway since 1997. The masonry industry and public memorials are also discussed in a chapter on commemoration, and the last chapter, on funerary heritage, focuses on war cemeteries and epidemic cemeteries.

This comprehensive volume will be valuable reading for scholars and reflective practitioners interested in death studies and the funeral industry, with particular interest in insights from Norway and their potential for informing wider research and practice.

A man of many talents-naturalist, geographer, anthropologist, and political commentator-Alfred Russel Wallace made seminal contributions to science in the nineteenth century. With Wallace in the Field, Victor Rafael Limeira-DaSilva unpacks the early life of one of the most beloved and famous Victorian scientific figures. Focusing on Wallace's significant contribution to the emergence of anthropology, Limeira-DaSilva traces the peripatetic trajectory of Wallace's field work, from his humble beginnings in the suburbs of London to his travels through the Brazilian Amazon and Asia. Challenging traditional portrayals that cast Wallace as Darwin's sidekick or a casual ethnographer, the book demonstrates how he built a deliberate and ambitious career as a field observer of human diversity. It offers a fresh perspective on the intersections between ethnographic encounters, racial science, and knowledge production, revealing how Wallace's pursuit of recognition helped redefine the standards of scientific authority in British anthropology.

This volume reveals the hidden archaeological history of Colombia's first inhabitants from the Ice Age through the Middle Holocene. It documents their extraordinary achievements as they settled and adapted to diverse and challenging environments, highlighting key developments including landscape management, plant domestication, mortuary traditions and social ritual, ceramic production, long-distance mobility and navigation, and the creation of rock art traditions-many of which continue to shape Indigenous communities today.

Drawing on decades of archaeological research that until now has been scattered across more inaccessible publications, the book provides the first comprehensive synthesis of Colombia's earliest human history. It brings together archaeological, paleoenvironmental, and bioarchaeological evidence to reconstruct how these societies responded to climatic change, ecological diversity, and demographic expansion during a key period of continental peopling and cultural transformation. It is organized around three interconnected analytical perspectives: spatio-temporal reconstruction of migration, settlement, and chronological frameworks; an examination of human adaptability through subsistence practices, technological innovation, and the active transformation of landscapes; and an exploration of early Colombian societies' symbolic and ideological worlds through material culture, mortuary practices, rock art, and ethnographic analogy. Archaeological data are presented alongside critical interpretation, enabling readers to understand both the evidence and the broader implications of current research, positioning Colombia as a pivotal region for understanding early human expansion, cultural diversification, and the emergence of complex social traditions in the Americas.

Written in an accessible yet scholarly style, The Archaeology of Ancient Colombia is intended for students and researchers in archaeology, anthropology, history, and related disciplines. It is particularly well suited for courses on early human migration, hunter- gatherer adaptations, tropical and highland archaeology, environmental change, and the long- term development of social complexity in the Americas.

The story of extraordinarily ordinary life on Lampedusa, an island in the Mediterranean and the southernmost frontier of undocumented migration to Europe

Hope amid Despair tells the story of life on Lampedusa, a small island in the central Mediterranean and the southernmost frontier of irregular and undocumented migration to Europe, or what is often referred to as Europe's "refugee crisis." Anthropologist Alessandro Corso examines the extraordinarily ordinary choices faced by migrants, migration workers, and locals on the island-and the decisions they make that foster distance, indifference, and abandonment or allow for mutuality, community, and life-building.

Through extensive ethnographic fieldwork as well as oral histories and archival research, Corso follows the island's inhabitants through their quotidian encounters, detailing their impressions, misunderstandings, and reconsiderations of one another. Revealing perspectives and experiences that often run against the grain of prevailing narratives, Corso argues for an understanding of this border zone not as a site of order and control, but as one of existential struggle and moral possibility, characterized by fear and despair but also reconciliation, hope, and love. Challenging mainstream ways of thinking about how borders separate and categorize us as individuals, Hope amid Despair reveals the geographical, historical, social, legal, and ethical boundaries of what it means to be human.

Excavations at the Austin Friary, Hull, Yorkshire, 1994 and 1999, Part 2, details the excavations of the Austin Friary in Hull, a house founded in 1316/17 and surrendered to the Crown in 1539.

This volume concentrates on the material culture recovered during the excavations. The site yielded a nationally significant group of medieval coffins, all but one of which were made of imported Baltic oak - the largest assemblage of such timber from the whole of Britain. There were also significant collections of well preserved textiles, leather, wood and dress-accessories. In addition, some of the burials were accompanied by carefully placed wooden rods, an under-reported burial tradition which can be found on either side of the North Sea. Many of the monastic buildings were reused after the Dissolution in 1539; partly in consequence, a large assemblage of masonry and ceramic building materials was recovered from this site. There were also significant collections of floor tiles (both plain and decorated), and window-glass, whilst other finds include rare finds of musical instrument components. Cumulatively, this volume sheds significant light upon a whole range of aspects of life and death within this northern religious house for a period of over two centuries, as well as offering yet more valuable evidence about Hull's extensive medieval trading-links, as one of England's leading ports.

This book is for researchers and archaeologists interested in the archaeology of medieval Britain as well as the role of Christianity in the Middle Ages.

This book presents a comprehensive account of how archaeology in Africa evolved, was challenged, and reimagined. Moving from nineteenth-century antiquarianism through independence to today, the book dismantles "dark continent" myths, foregrounds African ways of knowing, and argues for a praxis of archaeologies: multivocal, community-engaged, and methodologically rigorous. Case-led chapters demonstrate how trade, mobility, religion, and the environment have produced diverse African pasts, while contemporary sections address restitution, heritage policy, tourism, and climate risk.

The book begins by clarifying what "Africa" signifies in scholarly and public discourse, then dismantles the enduring "dark continent" trope by setting colonial narratives against African intellectual traditions and evidence. Subsequent chapters track the emergence of archaeology, beginning with collections, amateurs, and missionaries, and progressing to professional excavations, surveys, and archaeological science, as well as the discipline's theoretical shifts, from culture history and processualism to post-processual and postcolonial critique, all examined through African case studies. The closing chapters set out why the past matters now: for identity, education, livelihoods, and environmental stewardship.

Clear prose, focused case studies (spanning deep prehistory to the second-millennium trade horizons), and a continent-wide lens make this volume essential for students and researchers, while its emphasis on ethics and engagement resonates with heritage professionals and the broader public. The result is a clear, compelling account of what African archaeology is, how it differs from older traditions, and why it matters-for scholarship, for heritage stewardship, and for public life.

Illuminating the impact of archaeology on the culture and politics of Latin America

Since the mid-nineteenth century, archaeology has played a critical role in historicizing space and shaping cultural imaginaries. It has brought modern scientific practices into structured contact with ancient objects and landscapes, on the one hand, and modern Indigenous cultures in their material and historical complexity, on the other. Archaeology has thus served a variety of disciplines and practices, from history and anthropology to literary and social criticism and critical theory, and has actively animated practices quite distinct from itself, such as public policy, tourism, urban planning, art, literature, and nation-building.

This volume provides a unique analysis of a disciplinary formation crucial to the study of cultural history and theory in Latin America. The contributors represent archaeologists and scholars from a variety of disciplines within the humanities, each of whom approaches archaeology as theory and praxis. Collectively, they map the differences and similarities between archaeological interventions and the ways in which the materiality, practice, and discourse of archaeology have been taken up as analytic, metaphor, and discursive strategy.

This book delves into the political aspects of an archaeology of the contemporary past and provides evidence and an understanding of structural violence, inequalities, and possible ways to contest them in current settings. Using case studies, this volume presents a revision of how different theoretical approaches and archaeological methods (combined or mixed with other disciplinary or undisciplined methods), become tools to inquire on the political in its many facets. The contributions to this volume present different scenarios through which the political is or can be reconstituted, re-defined and scrutinized. Whether it is called dissident archaeology or archaeology of repression and resistance or tackling a wide array of subject such as climate change or consumerism, modern conflict, homelessness, migration, and displacement or others, the volume discusses lines of scrutiny that bring together efforts from distant and yet proximate places in the global south and north. Thus, this book provides material connections that illuminate the political spectrum that frames social conditions of power and resistance, the abuse of the former and the efficiency of the latter. This volume is of interest to archaeologists, heritage specialists, and historians studying the contemporary past.

This book highlights critical developments in maritime research focusing on transformations brought about by the establishment of the 'Blue Economy' as well as the increasing recognition of the value of heritage for contemporary communities. It brings together a collection of chapters that seek to identify, and shape, how the field of maritime archaeology will mature in the coming decades as approaches, technologies, as well as expectations and uses, change and adapt.

The book specifically sets out to tackle an interrelated suite of major new topics focused on maritime resources, UNESCO and the impacts of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, with an express focus on how maritime heritage can benefit local communities. Intended for an international audience, the book is written in an accessible style, with contributions that provide an in-depth discussion of the trends outlined above for students and researchers working in maritime archaeology and heritage.

Chapter 2 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Bridging the gap between introductory and advanced archaeology courses, this book builds confidence in working with the tools of archaeological research and how to make plausible inferences about the past.

How do archaeologists learn what happened thousands of years ago when all they have to work with are clusters of broken artifacts or patterns of post holes? Are their explanations any better than theories about ancient civilizations that we see in social media or popular streaming services? This book answers those questions and more.

This book explores the ways archaeologists draw conclusions from evidence, recognizing that those interpretations will change as new evidence comes into play. Readers will learn more about the methods and research strategies that archaeologists use to understand ancient economies, social and political systems, or help date or classify sites, artifacts, or whole societies.

The first chapter discusses the nature of inference and explanation in archaeology, or "how archaeologists figure things out." Subsequent chapters cover how archaeologists use lithic technology, experiments, and classification, how styles of pottery decoration help us identify social groups, and the intricacies of dating events. The book then turns to social archaeology, from the household scale, through settlements, to landscapes and regions, and mobility and sedentism over such regions. The next two chapters consider research on trade, wealth, status, and mortuary practices. Chapter 11 focuses on food and cuisine, and the last one on the archaeology of labor.

There are also 12 exercises, with fictitious case studies from around the world and different research traditions. These build students' confidence in how to interpret data, without any expectation of statistical background. Using realistic, messy data, these exercises allow readers to think critically about how to draw reasonable conclusions, and how to add archaeological reasoning to their toolkit.

This book presents visual ethnography as a transformative approach to understanding, documenting, and representing the layered realities of marginalized communities and often-overlooked institutional contexts. It demonstrates how visual storytelling tools ranging from photography and video to infographics and spatial mapping can uncover the subtle social, cultural, and economic dynamics that traditional textual research tends to miss. Drawing on diverse case studies, the volume shows how visual narratives not only illuminate lived experiences but also foster collaboration and challenge dominant representations.

By highlighting its multidisciplinary reach, the book situates visual ethnography within the intersecting domains of urban studies, development research, and policy engagement. It also delves into the ethical and methodological dimensions of visual storytelling, underscoring its potential to bridge academic inquiry with public understanding and policymaking. Ultimately, this work advocates for visual ethnography as a vital instrument of inclusive research and transformative communication, one that amplifies marginalized voices, strengthens social connections, and inspires meaningful change in contemporary urban and social landscapes.

Readers will be drawn to its inventive methods, compelling findings, and thought-provoking themes, which together weave strong links between scholarship, advocacy, and on-ground practice.

Contributors to this volume contend that in the realm of research on human society, online and digital communication can no longer be relegated to a separate cyber space and should instead be considered in equal part by integrating cyber-ethnographic methods.

Coming at a critical time where students, professionals, and the general population realize the increasing interdependence of cultural interactions both offline and online, Foundations of Cyber-Ethnography provides a framework for studying and presenting findings from both forms of communication.

Using this framework, contributors investigate the effects of the inextricable link between the cyber and networked societies on individual, local, national, and global contexts. Each chapter provides compelling examples to demonstrate the importance of forming a fuller understanding of digital communication and the role of online identity in a wide range of professional, personal, relational, economic, diplomatic, and political contexts.

The application of design practice and theory has received little attention in the field of archaeology, despite the close and interdisciplinary connection of both disciplines working with material culture. Christina Unwin provides an up-to-date study that addresses this lacuna, by using a series of case studies from the Iron Age and early Roman period (c. 600 BC - c. AD 200) in different European regions. Giving the reader a concise overview of the relevant terminology and approaches in design theory, Unwin then applies these treatments in different archaeological contexts to reveal new aspects of how we can understand material culture.

Design theory reveals that a material object may be understood beyond its material, form, function and period of time in which it was made, and invites archaeologists to re-evaluate their approaches to material things from a completely new perspective. Designed and made objects are immaterial in their planning, associations and effects - as well as material in their physical presence. The conceptual and terminological boundaries set by archaeological studies may therefore be challenged through the idea of design. This, in turn, enables the archaeologist to reconnect objects in terms of the people who made them, how they used them and how they interacted with them to build their sociality. This book is a significant intervention in the exploration of design and archaeological intersections across material culture.

This volume explores the impact of Rome's globalizing empire upon identity and visual culture in its western and eastern provinces. It focuses particularly on the realities of glocal identities, the interconnectivity between people, ideas and technology, and the diverse and uniting nature of the empire.

The issue of how identities are shaped and remoulded by Roman conquest, and by the aftermath of empire, are central to contemporary debates across the disciplines of classical archaeology and ancient history. The theoretical framework of glocalization offers a starting point for nuanced discussion through its exploration of the adaptation of a global phenomenon to local realities. Informed by this innovative paradigm and drawing on a wide array of sources, the chapters in this volume range across iconography, religion, settlements, imperial power and identities. Together they investigate the ways in which local actors engaged with imperial structures, and how this phenomenon varied across the different provinces.

A much-needed deep dive into some of the main concepts of archaeology, offering a comprehensive explanation and definition of commonly used terms.

Modern archaeology includes a number of fundamental concepts. This volume compiles in one place the origins, developmental histories, and definitions of more than two dozen of archaeology's most fundamental concepts. Concepts discussed include artifact, assemblage, association, context, ecofact, feature, industry, in situ, period, provenience, site, stage, tool kit, and type/index fossil.

The volume is neither a dictionary nor an encyclopedia. Its goals are:
1) to document the origin and history of each of the terms/concepts,
2) to present many of the definitions of each of the terms/concepts, and
3) to document the variability in definitions of each term/concept. Two sources of 'formal' data are reviewed.

All sources were searched for the 27 concepts, and data recorded regarding (1) whether or not a term/concept appeared in each piece of literature, (2) the appearance of a particular concept without its associated term in each piece of literature, (3) the appearance of a particular term without definition or discussion of its associated concept in each piece of literature, and (4) the appearance of a particular term with an included definition and presenting the definition from each piece of literature. These formal data are supplemented with information on concepts encountered while reading other literature not included in the 'formal' samples of early literature and introductory textbooks.

This book is unique among the archaeological literature for its synopses of much of the literature, coverage of the history and meanings of archaeological concepts used in fieldwork and analysis is thorough, and the varied definitions of concepts are summarized and easily consulted.

Spanning 2 million years, this book examines how humans partnered with nature, technology, and each other to shape their world, from evolutionary origins and ancient innovations to the rise of artificial intelligence.

This book examines how humans collaborated with other entities, expanding in scale from individuals to other species of Homo, and further to the formation of groups, interactions with organisms, connections with past generations, and the transformative role of technology. Through dozens of vivid examples -from the lives of Neanderthals to the origins of agriculture, the impact of ancient diseases, the practices of shamans, Bronze Age innovations, global trade routes, and the products of the world's first cities - this narrative illuminates the intricate web of partnerships that defined human history. The final chapter delves into artificial intelligence, illustrating how its evolution mirrors the co-evolution of humans with technologies.

AI's rapid development of learning and collaborative abilities echoes humanity's own adaptive journey, albeit at an accelerated pace. Richly illustrated with over 50 full-color figures, this book offers a visually engaging and intellectually stimulating journey through the partnerships that have shaped our world, from the dawn of prehistory to the cutting edge of AI.

Language, Culture, and Communication introduces students to the topics and theories of the broad field of linguistic anthropology by examining the multifaceted meanings and uses of language. It emphasizes the ways in which language encapsulates speakers' meanings and intentions. Through language structure and language use, speakers convey messages about their own identities, their understandings of the world and their place in it. The book includes discussion of cultural and symbolic meanings conveyed by language and the social and political dimensions of language use.

New to the Ninth Edition:
- New Chapter 7, "Digital Communication," discusses technological change, social media, artificial intelligence, and the rapid development of various systems and platforms for communication
- New Chapter 6, "Signed Languages," offers an expanded discussion of ASL vocabulary and grammar as well as language practices in Deaf communities with an emphasis on a global and international perspective
- New discussion of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) stresses the intersection of language and lived experience
- New case studies in every chapter highlight central concepts so that students can focus directly on understanding the many faceted goals of language in use
- Expanded discussion of language and nation building in multilingual communities (including code switching and translanguaging) emphasizes how our speaking styles are "borderless"

This book presents a visionary and comprehensive exploration of how museums are adapting to the evolving demands of contemporary society. It highlights the multiple roles museums play, as cultural institutions, educational spaces, social actors, and agents of innovation, while addressing the multifaceted challenges and opportunities museums face. Providing readers with a thorough understanding of their transformative potential, the book adopts a forward-looking perspective on the role of museums in shaping the future. Underpinning this vision is a reflective and critical stance, exploring and emphasizing how such transformation can happen in meaningful and sustainable ways.

This book explores the challenges and opportunities that arise when high-tech innovation crosses cultural boundaries-and how it can be thoughtfully adapted before reaching the end user. Drawing on a real-world case of a European Virtual Reality (VR) training system prepared for deployment in Malaysia's aerospace sector, this book investigates the cultural and cognitive translations necessary to ensure any design tool's success in a new context. Rather than documenting failure, it offers a blueprint for preventing it-by listening, adapting, and designing with local realities in mind. Drawing from ethnographic research, interviews, and human-centered design principles, this book explores the concept of anthropotechnology, aligning technology with local learning habits, social dynamics, and cultural expectations. It introduces the concept of the Anthropotechnological Islet, a bridging structure that enables imported systems to fit meaningfully into different environments before they are operationalized. The Islet is not a compromise between systems but a generative space for innovation that fosters cross-cultural adaptation and learning. This book is both a research monograph and a design manifesto. It tells the story of how a VR tool was reshaped-not just through technical refinement, but through cultural insight, institutional collaboration, and cognitive empathy. It offers practical guidance for those working in training, design, and technology transfer, especially in transnational or cross-cultural settings. In an increasingly globalized world, this book invites readers to rethink how we design for difference-early, intentionally, and with respect for local ways of knowing and learning.

This book brings together illuminating interviews with the most influential scholars who have shaped the interdisciplinary field of death studies. From sociological explorations to psychological frameworks, cultural analyses to digital age considerations, these conversations reveal the rich tapestry of approaches that have advanced our understanding of mortality, bereavement, and end-of-life experiences. Readers will discover how seminal works in death studies emerged, the critical role of academic and community networks, and the transformative power of examining death through diverse disciplinary lenses. The collection highlights both theoretical developments and practical applications, showcasing how scholars have navigated personal and professional boundaries while contributing to this sensitive yet vital area of study.

This volume spans sociology, anthropology, psychology, cultural studies, digital humanities, and public engagement, making it an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, graduate students, and practitioners in death studies, palliative care, counseling, funeral services, and related fields.

The chapters in this volume were originally published in Mortality.

This groundbreaking ethnography offers a deep psychological framework for understanding the Santa Muerte (Saint Death) phenomenon in Mexico. Emerging from a social landscape marked by ultra-violent criminality, government corruption, soaring rates of femicide, forced disappearances, and pervasive impunity, devotion to Santa Muerte signals a profound breakdown of the traditional Hispano-Christian image of God. Her veneration can be understood as a psychological response from a society grappling with 'bad death,' where loss and violence are ever-present in daily life.

Anchored in intimate case studies and a Jungian archetypal interpretation, the book demonstrates how Santa Muerte's inherent moral ambiguity enables devotees to navigate the blurred boundaries between good and evil, safety and peril, and justice and lawlessness. She stands as a potent response to the ongoing socio-political and psychological instability created by Mexico's dominant patriarchal institutions (state, church, and cartels).

The book explores the spirituality of the most vulnerable and marginalised in response to persistent threats and the collapse of conventional safety nets, arguing that devotion to Santa Muerte functions as a critical psychological container for destructive forces, offering a sense of order and control amid the real and existential dangers of a society living through the chaos of an 'apocalypse.' This is essential reading for anyone interested in contemporary Mexican studies, as it highlights the psychological impact of life near death.

Mongolian Healing: Knowledge, Transmission and Practice Across Inner Asia explores the rich and diverse medicinal healing practices by Mongolian communities across Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Kalmykia.

This edited volume brings together scholars from various disciplines to examine knowledge systems and practises related to healing therapies, including nomadic healing, ritual practises including shamanic healing, water as a source for healing in the landscape and the art of Mongolian bonesetting. The second part of the book delves into the institutionalization of Mongolian medicine across Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, tracing its adaptation and its continuing presence in both urban and rural contexts, within contemporary healthcare systems, such as the hospital, laboratory and clinic. Through a Mongolian-oriented lens, this volume sheds light on the resilience and adaptability of Mongolian healing and medical traditions in the face of social, political and cultural transformations across history. Combining historical, anthropological and medical perspectives, it offers the first comprehensive account of how these practices have continued to thrive and adapt, bridging ancient knowledge with contemporary applications.

As a part of broader Asian medical traditions, this volume is an essential resource for scholars, practitioners and anyone interested in the dynamic interplay of ancient wisdom and ongoing innovation across Inner Asia.