文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

This book integrates field archaeology with multidisciplinary research on the Erlitou site. Beyond its significant archaeological discoveries, Erlitou represents the site subjected to the most extensive analysis by the various scientific and technological sub-disciplines within Chinese archaeology community to date. The papers collected here reflect the latest outcomes of collaborative research in various disciplines, including chronology, natural environment reconstruction, human osteology, subsistence strategies and craft production.

This book introduces readers to ancient Chinese communications with other ethnic communities that lived west of Dunhuang along the ancient Silk Road. These ethnic groups included the Yuezhi and the Xiongnu (Huns), the Sogdians, the Tubo (Tibetans), the Huihu (Uigurs), and the Khotanese. Offering detailed descriptions of Chinese interactions with these peoples, it offers readers a clearer picture of China's ancient and medieval history, particularly the spread of Buddhism and other religious faiths, military operations like the Tibetan occupation and those under the Guiyijun (Return-to-Allegiance) regime, socioeconomic activities, and artistic efforts to create the Buddhist Grottoes.

Reinterpreting the Great Lakes fur trade as a dynamic interplay of ambition, alliances, and evolving identities

The North American fur trade was more than a system of economic exchange. In this book, Amelie Allard examines the Great Lakes region as a dynamic landscape where European traders and Indigenous peoples negotiated clashing perspectives with the common purpose of trade and establishing relationships. Allard portrays the interactions between these groups as community politics and community building, highlighting both cooperation and contentious power imbalances during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

Drawing on archaeological evidence including trading posts and wrecked canoes and historical documents such as traders' journals and memoirs, Allard unravels the social complexities of this world. She demonstrates how processes of place-making-through foodways, the built environment, and place-naming-as well as both waterborne and overland mobility shaped the identities and relationships of Euro-Canadian, metis, and Indigenous peoples. Community Politics of the Fur Trade challenges traditional narratives of colonialism by suggesting that for many Indigenous peoples such as the Anishinaabeg and Dakota, the fur trade era represented a moment of possibility rather than an inevitable path to subjugation.

Uncovering America's past through the archaeology of its shipwrecks

The Archaeology of American Shipwrecks highlights the essential role of watercraft in United States history and demonstrates how the study of submerged sites contributes to a deeper understanding of the nation's past. Combining evidence from shipwreck excavations with historical documentation, this volume reveals how maritime archaeologists locate, document, and preserve these important sites.

This book examines a variety of vessels through time, including Indigenous-built dugout canoes, colonial ships that brought Europeans to the Americas, ships created for the whaling industry, and modern ships built for coastal defense. By tracing the role of watercraft in exploration, commerce, warfare, and expansion, it underscores the pivotal influence of maritime transport well into the twentieth century. Providing an overview of major discoveries along with little-known and previously unpublished research and discussing technological advances, new and evolving methodologies, and ethical issues relevant to the field, this book is an indispensable resource for anyone interested in the dynamic story of America's waterways.

Folklore Fieldwork the first book to present systematic research based on the author's more than 20 years of fieldwork in urban and rural areas throughout China. It addresses the theory and methodology of Chinese folkloristics, highlighting the unique characteristics of Chinese culture and society in the process, and explores the core process of modern Chinese folkloristics, making the field accessible to an international audience.

A novel cross-cultural exploration of how maritime peoples have engaged with the sea through cosmology, spirituality, and ritual

Sentient Seas offers a global perspective on maritime cultures, examining how societies across time and space have understood and interacted with the sea. Synthesizing archaeological evidence, historical documents, and ethnographic accounts, Ian McNiven explores maritime traditions from ancient civilizations in the Middle East and Mediterranean to medieval Europe and Scandinavia to contemporary Indigenous communities in the South Pacific.

McNiven investigates diverse cultural practices including shipbuilding, the treatment of shipwrecks and shipwreck victims, and maritime resource use, interpreting the evidence through the perspectives of mariners who understood the seas to be sentient and capable of acting with intentionality. He introduces the concepts of "terrestrial seascapes" and "ontological switching" to illustrate how land-based shrines and votive offerings extend maritime cosmologies and maintain a liminal transition from land to sea. By bridging anthropological and archaeological research with transdisciplinary blue humanities scholarship, Sentient Seas approaches seas as spiritscapes, recontextualizing folkloric beliefs about maritime superstitions.

This Open Access book examines how people often treat social group membership as inherent, immutable, informative and even intergenerationally inherited. Such essentialism remains one of the more puzzling folk intuitions, at odds with social science maintaining that people become culturally competent group members through enculturation, and that norms can change how group boundaries are defined quite substantially. Essentialism also features prominently in much rhetoric that justifies intergroup hostility and in researchers' attempts to explain it. Nonetheless, social scientists have not reached a consensus about essentialism's causal role in intergroup relations.

In this Open Access book, contributors from a range of perspectives tackle fundamental questions in this field:

• Do humans share a tendency to essentialise groups?
• If so, where does this tendency come from?
• How is essentialism expressed in cognition, behavior, and institutions?
• What are its consequences for cooperation and social conflict?

Psychologists, cultural anthropologists, and evolutionary biologists weigh in on these questions in this volume, often using specific cultural contexts as case studies to elucidate both the particularities and common patterns in the ways essentialism does, or does not, work in the real world.

This open access book delves into the management of data imperfection, a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of archaeological research. By bringing together diverse voices and expertise, the book offers a pioneering examination of how researchers across Europe deal with the challenges posed by incomplete, fragmented or ambiguous data in archaeology. One of the most problematic issues when working with humanistic data, and specifically with archaeological data, is their imperfection. The data is ambiguous, partial, imprecise, uncertain. This imperfection, which can be intrinsic to the data themselves or be generated later with its processing, makes it difficult to produce reliable results. In recent years, some researchers have become increasingly interested in the need to address in their research, especially those using databases, the problem of data imperfection and all the implications that this entails.

This volume bring together researchers who are or have worked on the imperfection of archaeological data in its broadest sense, from theoretical reflections to proposals for managing the imperfection or part of it (uncertainty, inaccuracy, incompleteness, etc.) in any chronological period and application, both during the collection of data in the field or its processing in the laboratory. The book comprises 12 chapters, in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. It brings together contributions from European researchers from various academic levels, providing a rich tapestry of insights into the topic. The chapters span a broad historical range, featuring case studies that cover periods from the Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages.

Bringing together emerging and established scholars, this Handbook illustrates anthropologically-oriented practices and methods for researching the complexity, heterogeneity and diversity of contexts for learning and education. It explores the ongoing modification of traditional practices in response to emerging theoretical and ethical concerns such as critical race theory and feminist theory, as well as the impact of new AI technologies. The Handbook encompasses key topics of educational justice, inequality and policy, examining challenges to conventional practices and methods and offering new directions and innovative forms of representation.

The Research Handbook on the Anthropology of Education is an essential resource for educational scholars, particularly those with an interest in educational anthropology and comparative education more broadly. It will also be useful for students and academics in the sociology of education, qualitative research methods and interdisciplinary research.

A groundbreaking overview of how disability studies can enrich interpretations of the past and make the profession of archaeology more inclusive and accessible

An Introduction to Crip Archaeology is a groundbreaking exploration of how disability studies and critical disability studies can transform the way archaeologists interpret the past. Through case studies and intersectional analysis, Laurie Wilkie and Katherine Kinkopf reveal how people with disabilities have been treated and viewed in American history and how these processes have shaped the material worlds archaeologists study.

This book is an essential starting point for students and scholars seeking to move beyond stereotypes that define disability as a limitation or deficit. The authors demonstrate how these interpretive lenses can offer fresh insights on topics including how eugenic policies and racial science have influenced public health, medical training, and family planning. From the Dozier School for Boys to Japanese internment camps, the book examines how built environments have excluded certain bodies-while also uncovering communities of care and resistance.

In addition to its value for research taking place today, An Introduction to Crip Archaeology is a call to action for a more inclusive and accessible discipline. It equips readers with strategies for recognizing disabling structures in access to sites, collections, and universities, and for creating space for disabled archaeologists in the field. This book enriches understandings of the past while shaping the future of archaeology.

Through an ethnographic lens, the Handbook analyzes human-machine entanglements as they have emerged in AI companions, healthcare, automated policing, warfare, conversational chatbots and fact-checking. Chapters assume theoretical perspectives to scrutinize AI power and how AI evolves on the ground in ethnographic locations and case studies from across the globe. Assessing the current state of AI, the collection examines its implications for the future, in areas ranging from climate change to politics.

The Handbook on Anthropology and Artificial Intelligence is a valuable resource for students and scholars of anthropology, science and technology, innovation, media and communication and sociology. It will also be prime reading for journalists, policymakers and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of the impact of AI on the world.

Lucjan Turkowski's first-hand account of peasant life in 1940s British Mandate Palestine explores farming, food, language and craft production. He examines cultivated crops, the role of animals and the division of labour, highlighting its material culture in a vivid portrait of rural life.

While preserving Turkowski's original ethnographic and agricultural research, this book offers a rare historical, botanical and anthropological resource. Rich with first-hand observations, Turkowski's work provides scholars and general readers with valuable insights into Palestinian peasant life near Jerusalem in the 1940s. His meticulous fieldwork records farming, food, language, agricultural tools and household utensils, exploring the long-term effects of Ottoman land reforms and the introduction of new crops. Original drawings and period photographs collected in Jerusalem illustrate this volume. This book opens with two introductory chapters by editor Carol Palmer, who situates Turkowski within his historical and intellectual context and highlights his ambition to document peasant material culture and its integration into Palestinian life. The main text comprises eight translated chapters of Turkowski's writing, followed by bibliographical annexes. This volume deepens understanding of rural life amid shifting political and economic forces, contributing to studies of resilience, agriculture and cultural continuity.

This book is a fundamental resource for scholars in Levantine and Palestine studies, linguistics, anthropology, ethnography, archaeology and agricultural history. It also contributes to an understanding of the region's historiography and the changing academic approaches to Palestine. For those connected to the communities described, it offers a tangible link to the past and shows how carefully gathered knowledge can preserve cultural memory and bring lived experience into view.

Native American Religions: Teaching and Learning on Stolen Land is an introduction to the religious lives of Native American people in North America. Weaving together historical, ethnographic, theoretical, and legal materials, the book focuses on how religion is politicized in North America in the Native American context. Noting that no Native language actually has a word translatable to "religion," as the sacred and the secular are not separate spheres in Native traditions, and that religion is a colonial construct, the book adopts theories and methods from Native American and Indigenous Studies to understand Native American and Indigenous religious traditions.

Written with the student in mind, this cutting-edge volume brings together 17 Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars at various career stages to offer a theoretical framework through which to think about the role of religion in U.S.-Native relations alongside real-world case studies. This book introduces students to the histories of Native American peoples, including discussion of Indigenous intellectual traditions, Indigenous sovereignty movements, and practices such as cultural appropriation and land acknowledgement, to make the case that Native American religions are a political phenomenon. With student-friendly pedagogy throughout, including discussion questions and "further resources" lists, it is a must-read for all students and teachers of Native American Religions, Religion in America, or Indigenous Studies.

This handbook provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of pastoralism, combining major theoretical debates with an interdisciplinary and comparative perspective on pastoral systems across the world.

Approaching pastoralism as a social-ecological system, this volume synthesizes current knowledge about how pastoralists make a living and organize social life while managing herds in diverse and often highly variable environments. Understanding pastoralism in this holistic way requires an approach that bridges disciplines: not only anthropology but also rangeland ecology, animal science, agricultural economics, veterinary epidemiology, and related fields. This handbook's chapters are organized into eight parts that examine the emergence of pastoralism; its biophysical foundations; the economics of pastoral production; adaptive strategies; social and political organization; new methodological and analytical approaches; development and policy perspectives; and possible futures for pastoral systems. Together, these contributions advance the field by offering both a state-of-the-art guide and a source of inspiration for future research. This volume is designed to serve as a reference for scholars seeking to launch innovative, impactful studies, as well as for policymakers and practitioners working to design effective interventions that support pastoral livelihoods.

This handbook is an indispensable resource on pastoralism for students, researchers, and professionals.

Chapters 1, 3, 7, 13, 17, 28 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

A man of many talents-naturalist, geographer, anthropologist, and political commentator-Alfred Russel Wallace made seminal contributions to science in the nineteenth century. With Wallace in the Field, Victor Rafael Limeira-DaSilva unpacks the early life of one of the most beloved and famous Victorian scientific figures. Focusing on Wallace's significant contribution to the emergence of anthropology, Limeira-DaSilva traces the peripatetic trajectory of Wallace's field work, from his humble beginnings in the suburbs of London to his travels through the Brazilian Amazon and Asia. Challenging traditional portrayals that cast Wallace as Darwin's sidekick or a casual ethnographer, the book demonstrates how he built a deliberate and ambitious career as a field observer of human diversity. It offers a fresh perspective on the intersections between ethnographic encounters, racial science, and knowledge production, revealing how Wallace's pursuit of recognition helped redefine the standards of scientific authority in British anthropology.

Women, Fertility, and North American Archaeology brings together more than three decades of Cheryl Claassen's groundbreaking work on gender and archaeology. Featuring articles originally published between 1989 and 2023, the volume makes available the full scope of Claassen's work related to Archaic and Woodland-era women in the Southeastern United States, women working as archaeologists, and the development of a gendered archaeological inquiry.

Organized in two parts, the collection begins with essays on the emergence of gender as an archaeological category and on the role of women in a field once dominated by masculine perspectives. The second half of the volume turns to archaeological explorations of women in prehistory, including women's labor, fertility, and ritual practices, and how these facets of life were linked to and influenced by the landscapes and resources of the time.

With introductions to each section that discuss the genesis of ideas and provide additional context for each paper, Claassen situates her work within the broader history of the discipline. Illustrated with thirty images and maps and including previously difficult-to-find articles, this volume is an essential resource for archaeologists, students of anthropology, and scholars of gender and women's studies.

How Our Restless Ancestors Shaped the Interconnected World We Live in Today

First Migrants Revisited: Ancient Migration in Global Perspective reveals how human and hominin migrations over the past five million years shaped the world we inhabit today. Peter Bellwood synthesises insights from archaeology, palaeoanthropology, genetics, and linguistics to trace humanity's earliest movements - from the first African expansions to the global spread of agriculture. The book reveals how migration redistributed the results of biological and cultural evolution, transforming societies and environments in every corner of the globe.

Bringing together decades of scholarship, Bellwood challenges simplistic narratives of ancient migration as random events without cause or consequence, instead positioning it as a powerful mechanism the behind the formation and spread of new patterns in human biology and culture. Through rich interdisciplinary analysis, he shows how the permanent movements of populations created enduring patterns of genetic, linguistic, and cultural diversity that continue to define us. Covering the migrations of early hominins, Homo sapiens dispersals across continents, and the global diffusion of agriculture, the book provides a richly interdisciplinary account of humanity's shared past, drawing clear connections between environmental change, demographic expansion, and the human impulse to explore.

Deepening our understanding of migration as one of the most enduring forces in human history, First Migrants Revisited:

• Reinterprets migration as a dynamic process of redistribution of human biology, culture, and language
• Highlights the enduring consequences of prehistoric migration for contemporary human societies
• Provides new insights into the large-scale population movements that shaped the genetic, cultural, and linguistic diversity that still characterizes humanity today
• Features accessible summaries of the latest findings on early Homo sapiens dispersals and the global spread of agriculture
• Includes comparative discussions of different hominin species and their adaptive strategies

First Migrants Revisited: Ancient Migration in Global Perspective is ideally suited for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate courses in archaeology, anthropology, human evolution, and historical linguistics, as well as for modules in global history, evolutionary biology, and population genetics within BA, BSc, and MA degree programmes.

Excavations at the Austin Friary, Hull, Yorkshire, 1994 and 1999, Part 2, details the excavations of the Austin Friary in Hull, a house founded in 1316/17 and surrendered to the Crown in 1539.

This volume concentrates on the material culture recovered during the excavations. The site yielded a nationally significant group of medieval coffins, all but one of which were made of imported Baltic oak - the largest assemblage of such timber from the whole of Britain. There were also significant collections of well preserved textiles, leather, wood and dress-accessories. In addition, some of the burials were accompanied by carefully placed wooden rods, an under-reported burial tradition which can be found on either side of the North Sea. Many of the monastic buildings were reused after the Dissolution in 1539; partly in consequence, a large assemblage of masonry and ceramic building materials was recovered from this site. There were also significant collections of floor tiles (both plain and decorated), and window-glass, whilst other finds include rare finds of musical instrument components. Cumulatively, this volume sheds significant light upon a whole range of aspects of life and death within this northern religious house for a period of over two centuries, as well as offering yet more valuable evidence about Hull's extensive medieval trading-links, as one of England's leading ports.

This book is for researchers and archaeologists interested in the archaeology of medieval Britain as well as the role of Christianity in the Middle Ages.

In this revised and updated translation of Das Radikaldemokratische Museum, Sternfeld offers a timely critique of museums as they exist today and instead calls for museums to be reconceptualised as contested spaces for debate and new forms of political activism.

Drawing upon approaches from museum studies, education and critical theory, this volume challenges past and present exhibitions and reconsiders how museum spaces can be re-appropriated in order to produce critical knowledge, rethink education and challenge collections. In doing so, Sternfeld envisages the radical democratic museum as a space that allows us to grapple with the past, negotiate what this means for the present and imagine a future that is more than simply an extension of the present.

This provocative and timely book will be relevant to scholars, students and practitioners with interests in museums, critical heritage studies, social justice and political movements.

This book is a clearly and accessibly written short guide to the contemporary state of urban anthropology. It outlines what urban anthropologists study, how they do so, and what they have learned about urbanization and urbanism in the past and present in a way that makes sense to readers new to the field. Topics covered include:

• Urban community and identity
• Urban politics and economics
• The relationship between culture and the built environment
• Urban nature, climate change, and green urbanism
• The development of urban anthropology

Accompanying the main text are shaded boxes describing key works and key concepts related to the central points of each chapter. Each chapter ends with a bibliography. This text is essential reading for students interested in cities, urban life, the built environment, and social and political dynamics.

Public History, Gender, and Power in Latin American Museums brings together pioneering voices of women curators, museum professionals, and community leaders who are transforming the cultural landscape of Latin America.

Through first-hand testimonies and critical essays, this book examines how feminist approaches and public history practices are reshaping the politics of heritage, memory, and representation from the 1980s to the present. From Bolivia's Museo Nacional de Etnografia y Folklore to Colombia's Museo Itinerante de la Memoria and Guatemala's Museo Ixkik', this book promotes reflections that highlight collective efforts and diverse ways of narrating stories in public spaces. This book analyzes the local contexts where curatorial practices and cultural policies emerge, giving prominence to the women who lead museological projects and their transnational impact. It examines the role of these museum projects in the field of public history and in relation to the decolonization processes undertaken by various museums globally.

Public History, Gender, and Power in Latin American Museums: Women Curators and Cultural Leaders is an essential volume for students, activists, and researchers interested in museums, decolonial thought, feminism, and activism in Latin America.