文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

A fascinating, behind-the-scenes look at non-religious funerals in contemporary London

An Honest Death is an intimate and moving ethnographic account of funerals for people who don't believe in God or an afterlife. Focusing on secular funeral celebrants of the British Humanist Association (now called Humanists UK), the book examines how their ritual work is geared toward helping realize a secular world. There is a strong ethical commitment behind this effort, which is to face death with honesty based on the belief that this life is all we have. For the humanist celebrants and those they serve, this is what allows for a life with meaning and purpose.

Written in a vivid style, the book centers on the lives and the funerals of particular people, from a three-year-old child to a man in his nineties. Anthropologist Matthew Engelke, who trained as a humanist celebrant as part of his research, describes how these officiants try to craft "sincere" funerals, avoiding language and music that might suggest that the person who died had any religious beliefs. The book also captures the highs and lows for humanist celebrants of working in the funeral business-a business that is, for many of them, a kind of vocational calling.

Above all, An Honest Death draws out the tensions in secular humanist thought and practice between reason and the body, rationalism and materialism. Nothing matters more to the humanists than "daring to know" in the Enlightenment tradition, but nothing is so certainly known as the fact that we are finite and embodied creatures.

This book reframes urban acupuncture- small, precisely targeted design interventions- as a catalyst for rebuilding place attachment and reinforcing social resilience in gentrifying historic neighborhoods by discovering a newly human-centered approach to heritage regeneration. This book bridges environmental psychology and tactical urbanism, introducing place attachment as the key metric of success. It pairs in-depth theory with hands-on case studies, showing how micro-interventions can restore identity, culture, and community agency.

Scope:

• Foundations of gentrification place attachment, and social resilience.
• Principles and methods of urban acupuncture in heritage settings.
• Rich case studies and cross-case analysis
• A practical framework and policy recommendations for architects, designers, planners and psychologists.

This book is of particular value to urban designers, architects, planners, psychologists, and heritage professionals who are seeking practical and innovative strategies. It is also suitable for graduate students and researchers in the fields of urban studies, architectural studies, and environmental psychology.

This edited book offers new perspectives on a problem that was once considered futuristic but has now become a daunting reality. The book takes a unique approach by considering the evolution of humans as both a biological and societal process, two intertwined aspects that cannot be separated. It will be of interest to a general audience, policymakers, as well as researchers and graduate students specializing in various branches of biology, medicine, sociology and philosophy.

Controlling Processes offers a penetrating anthropological analysis of how power operates through cultural mechanisms in agrarian and modern industrial societies.

Drawing on decades of research and teaching, Laura Nader explores:

The multiple meanings and ideological frameworks embedded in dominant conceptions of science, technology, progress, energy, and the environment.
A compelling critique of groupthink, illuminated through George Orwell's 1984 and Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, revealing how consensus can mask coercion.
The systemic oppression of women through body politics and the global diffusion of patriarchal norms.
Cultural relativism and the politics of representation, with incisive discussions of Orientalism, Islam, and the West's positional superiority.
A model of critical pedagogy inspired by Paulo Freire, exemplified in Nader's influential University of California, Berkeley course, Anthropology 139: Controlling Processes, whose syllabus is included as a practical guide.
Strategies for recognizing and resisting the subtle, often invisible, controlling processes embedded in education and public discourse.

This volume is essential reading for scholars of anthropology, sociology, political science, and education seeking to understand the cultural dimensions of power and the possibilities for emancipatory critique.

Positioned at the intersection of indigenous knowledge systems and spatial practice, this volume explores how ritualised, place-based epistemologies can reframe design and planning responses to global ecological crises. Departing from reductive Cartesian abstractions, it interrogates the systemic erasure of sacred space and advances a generative turn toward relational ontologies and decolonial spatial imaginaries. Landscapes are approached not as static heritage artefacts, but as living, agentive systems that co-produce meaning, identity, and ethical responsibility. Drawing on global case studies and innovative methodological approaches, including VOICE, Spiritual Tectonics, and Afro-Cosmological Design, the contributions explore the temporal thickening of sacred sites, where ancestral continuities intersect with emergent technologies. By integrating traditional ecological knowledge with contemporary metrics of resilience and sustainability, the book outlines actionable pathways for spatial practitioners. It speaks to researchers and professionals across architecture, urban planning, religious studies, cultural geography, and the environmental humanities.

How material conditions and social contradictions remake indigeneity

Indigenous studies struggles to analyze class, yet class reshapes the cultural, political, and economic terrain of indigeneity. In Red Dirt, Ikaika Ramones goes beyond the usual conceptual frameworks of resistance and domination to explore the political-economic basis for Native Hawaiian social reproduction and revitalization. By doing so, he casts indigeneity as a contested process rather than reification, encompassing both grassroots revitalization efforts and large, multibillion-dollar Native organizations.

Ramones offers a class analysis that shifts the theorization of indigeneity away from the metaphysical and idealist methodologies of the academy to trace social contradictions and material conditions instead. He counters the notion of Native culture as a coherent given, disentangling different strains of "Native Hawaiian culture"-an elite strain that depoliticizes and buttresses the status quo and grassroots strains that politicize and produce critical consciousness. Amid movements of cultural revitalization, he shows how histories of racialized eugenics rearticulate into a form of "class assimilation." By examining organizations that support, shape, and constrain Native Hawaiians, Ramones shows how actors appropriate, protect, or rearticulate economic and social relations within or against capitalism. While mired in capitalism and settler colonialism, he argues, Indigenous actors walk shifting lines of subversion and complicity.

Offers an accessible new way to think critically and transparently about how researchers, especially those doing ethnographic work, can balance their personal commitments with long-term research.

For ethnographers, spending a year or longer in a faraway place conducting fieldwork is becoming increasingly untenable due to competing life responsibilities and rising workloads, as well as disability, precarity, and geopolitical factors. If ethnographic methods are to remain relevant and viable for a diverse group of people in anthropology and beyond, Goekce Guenel and Chika Watanabe argue, we need to examine how our personal and professional lives intersect and shape one another.

In Patchwork Ethnography, Guenel and Watanabe take seriously the conditions that render long-term fieldwork difficult for so many. Without being prescriptive, the book offers concrete ways for scholars to unpack the competing commitments in their lives and make those challenges feel more manageable. Blending theoretical analysis with practical exercises, the authors guide readers to rethink the relationship between their personal lives and their scholarship. Ultimately, they point to ways for transforming limitations into catalysts for fresh insights. By highlighting how shifting labor and living conditions profoundly alter knowledge production, Patchwork Ethnography calls for a paradigm shift in ethnographic research.

This book is a study of the dynamic, multi-faceted, and even unorthodox things that are happening within Muslim-majority societies. The mission is to bring together in a single volume an array of anthropological observations of individuals, groups, and movements in contemporary Islamic settings, focusing neither primarily on religion nor on nonreligion or secularism but on the range of activities that people engage in under the umbrella of Islam.

This volume includes 14 chapters by anthropologists in a wide array of Muslim-majority countries, from Morocco to Turkey, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, and Indonesia. It features explorations of unorthodox piety (including "algorithmic faith" and ex-Muslim "digital migration"), economics (Islamic currencies and "market Islam" in the form of Guelen movement), gender (online female entrepreneurship, heavy metal women, queer-feminist pilgrimage, as well as transgender and anti-transgender movements), and arts and environments (eco-Islam, modernist Islamic art, and Ottoman objects and authority). The collected essays illustrate clearly that Islam is much more than "Islamism" or, worse, Islamic terrorism and that contemporary Muslims are creative makers of their own forms of modernity, usually respectful of but also actively reimagining the "discursive tradition" that is Islam.

This volume should be of interest to scholars and students of Islam (and other religions), as well as general readers, who want to see beyond the stereotypes of Islam and appreciate today's Muslims as makers of their own, often unorthodox, cultural realities.

Interrogating a rich array of archaeological, textual, and visual sources, Exploring Sacred Ink reveals how tattooing and sacredness are intertwined, from the ancient world to the present. This interdisciplinary volume highlights the diverse motivations for inscribing the sacred onto the body: as an attestation of the bearer's servitude to the divine; an affirmation of belonging to a faith community; an expression of deeply held (magico-)religious beliefs; or a sign of reverence towards holy places, people, languages, symbols, and texts. It further demonstrates that sacredness is not only made visible on the skin itself but can also encompass the spirituality attributed to the tattooing process or the spiritual perception of an otherwise secular tattoo. Spanning religious and secular frameworks and cultures of both the Old and New Worlds, this volume offers a compelling resource for readers engaged in the study of body modification and embodiment.

The OA version of this book will soon be available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com.

In the era of ubiquitous computing and the Internet of things, is it still possible to go, or be, offline? Can we still find a more embedded, autonomous, and attentive way of being, away from the constant distraction of our phones and screens? Or is it time to reconcile ourselves to a future, where every thought and action is mediated by an algorithm?You Can Never Go Offline Again is an autoethnographic search for an elsewhere to the Internet. It chronicles the author's weekend digital detoxes, travels to Internet blackout zones, efforts at mindful consumption, and daily struggles to reign in his online activities, concluding that today there is no longer a meaningful distinction between online and off. The two have merged into one intermediated reality. Integrating literary memoir with anthropology, media studies, and philosophy, it takes stock of our digitally-saturated moment and attempts to chart a path forward. Written in accessible prose and illustrated with evocative photography, You Can Never Go Offline Again is essential reading for students and researchers of digital culture and anyone struggling to carve out a space for the in-person and face-to-face at a time when online has already become the default mode of being.

This book presents a critical analysis of the concept of food heritage through a dialogue between its academic definitions and the vaguer, more common-sense meaning of the term.

By addressing the notion of heritage through the question of food and eating practices, this book allows us to revisit the very meaning of this concept, now well established yet still interpreted through a wide variety of perspectives. In a mirror image, viewing the notion of heritage through the lens of food allows us to investigate an important dimension of our modern foodways. Beyond the conceptual discussion, the book analyses the concrete processes through which foods and food practices come to be defined, recognized, and mobilized as heritage, showing how these dynamics unfold in varied cultural and institutional contexts. Chapters draw on case studies from across the world-in Belgium, Catalonia, China, Brazil, Estonia, France, Japan, Korea, Morocco, Poland, Serbia, as well as across Africa and the Mediterranean region-and propose different temporalities while involving a range of actors. Among these actors, however, UNESCO occupies a particularly important place in this volume, due to the role it plays as a legitimizing body, supposed to officially consecrate certain elements as heritage. The practical cases reveal the complexity of the situations and provide detailed examples of specific issues and difficulties involved in thinking about the heritagization of food and assessing the practices related to it.

This volume will be of great interest to students and scholars from across food studies, heritage studies, cultural studies, tourism studies, and anthropology.

The earliest collections of Egyptian artifacts were those pieces taken by the Roman empire. There are more Egyptian obelisks in Rome today than there are left in Egypt. In the nineteenth century, British collections were built by the same people whose work comprises volume two. They began as private collections, meant as status symbols usually for the wealthy, or for those who wished to show evidence of their wide travels. However, gradually, many of these collections were left in wills to municipal institutions or turned into publicly available collections themselves.

The British Museum, originally founded in 1759, opened its first purpose built gallery for Egyptian antiquities in 1808. The Townley Gallery was built to house the antiquities seized from the French in 1801, including the Rosetta Stone, and the collection has been growing ever since. Later, the British Museum hired people who were already in Egypt, or who were going to Egypt of their own accord, to gather and send back artifacts. As the discipline of archaeology in Egypt became a scholarly pursuit, museums began to sponsor their own expeditions in order to fill their now bursting stores. Collecting in order to possess the past, both physically and ideologically, of a subjected people was the point.

Throughout the professionalization of Egyptology in the nineteenth century, there were several debates that raged: the purpose of the pyramids, and who built them; the meaning of hieroglyphs; the styling of statues and artwork on tomb and temple walls; and the history of ancient Egypt, especially in its relation to Christendom. As hieroglyphs became readable through decipherment, and scholars gained more accurate understandings of the written record, they established testable theories about Egypt's ancient social, political, and economic past. This volume presents sources within these debates and demonstrates how ideas about the past changed with the understanding and uncovering of more evidence.
Of course, most of this investigation was being done in Britain, in the metropolitan center, and so the sources bear the mark of inexperience in the outside field site, scholars' ignorance about the peoples they study, and the colonial hierarchy present at the time.

The Routledge Handbook of Applied Anthropology provides a comprehensive overview of applied anthropology, offering a global portrait of key problem sets, methods, and materials that anthropologists use when working in business, government, and nongovernmental organizational settings.

Bringing together leading scholars and practitioners from across the globe, this innovative Handbook maps the full breadth of applied anthropology - its diverse conceptualizations, its deep roots in community engagement, and its vital role in addressing today's most urgent challenges. Spanning places from Peru and Morocco to China, Australia, and North America, this Handbook highlights how anthropologists everywhere blend theory and practice to confront climate disruption, health inequities, cultural loss, forced migration, technological transformation, and more. It offers a rare global, decolonial perspective, dismantling the outdated divide between "academic" and "applied" work, and centers collaboration, reciprocity, and social impact.

This is a landmark volume that redefines what it means to put anthropology to work in a rapidly changing world. Designed for students, educators, practitioners, and organizational partners, this Handbook illuminates wide-ranging career pathways in nonprofits, business, government, and community-based contexts. It prepares the next generation for meaningful futures in a world where anthropological insight is urgently needed.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Archaeology in the Global Cold War explores archaeological practices, theories, and methods, as well as social networks and knowledge circulation in Eastern and Western Europe and beyond during the Cold War (1947-1989).

Drawing on archival sources, published works, and personal recollections, this volume examines archaeology under the Cold War at a broad international scale and from a range of thematic, theoretical, and methodological perspectives. It is structured in five parts. The first examines how political ideology and propaganda shaped archaeological knowledge production. The second explores the relationship between Cold War science policy and archaeological practice. The third analyses the role of institutions and individual actors. Addressing theory and method, the fourth part considers developments such as aerial photography and the work of influential figures. The volume concludes with personal accounts by archaeologists reflecting on their professional experiences, integrating lived experience with broader historical analysis.

This volume is for archaeologists interested in the history of their discipline, historians of science and the humanities, and scholars of contemporary history working on the intellectual history of the Cold War.

Egyptology saw its birth as a science during the latter part of the nineteenth century, even though Westerners had been traveling there for millennia. These volumes will present several foundational texts of the discipline in this crucial century, showing throughout each volume the slow, and not quite complete, shift from an amateur pursuit to a professional field of study. In doing so this collection demonstrates that the timeline and specifics of the professionalization of science in the nineteenth century was often discipline specific. Yet, the collection also shows that there was a lot more at stake in this history than a story of gradually becoming a science. Long before the institutionalization of Egyptology, there were Western people traveling to Egypt for various reasons and collecting artefacts to send or take home. This collection will highlight and interrogate the foundational texts that made up the early years of the discipline, travel writings, issues on collecting Egypt, and Egypt's place in fiction.

Polygamy: The Basics is an accessible and engaging introduction to the kinship structure known as plural marriage or polygamy. Tailored for general readers and non-specialists, this book distils research findings from evolutionary anthropology, history, economics, political science, and cultural anthropology to survey polygamy's place in human cultural, economic, and demographic developments from prehistory to the present. It addresses questions such as:

• How have perceptions of plural marriage have changed over time?
• Where does polygamy fit within human reproduction and family organization?
• What is the pair bond and is it universal or learned?
• Is polygamy a choice and, if so, for whom?
• Is polygamy inherently harmful?

Drawing on global case studies, it endeavors to help readers aside their own cultural prisms and preconceived notions in order to examine plural marriage in its proper complexity.

Living Futures offers a fresh and exciting perspective on how people imagine and make futures as part of their everyday lives. It addresses important questions about who is included in futures thinking and futures making, and who is excluded.

Bringing together historical, anthropological, sociological, geographical and arts-based perspectives, this book provides a pithy yet expansive overview of social theories, research and creative approaches applied to futures thinking. Global practices and traditions of divination, fortune telling and speculation from antiquity to the present day are investigated for how they help people deal with uncertainty and engage with the yet-to-come, while also serving political and economic objectives. The book emphasises the plasticity of temporalities and lived experiences across diverse social groups, together with the role of the creatures, things, landscapes, and ecosystems with which we share our futures. The concluding chapter integrates the insights offered from each of the fields of research discussed in the book, providing ideas to spark vibrant and transformative approaches to creative futuring.

Living Futures will appeal to academics and students interested in the history, sociology, anthropology and geography of futures, futures studies, possibility studies, anticipation studies, design and forecasting, as well as anyone interested in how innovative social research and creative approaches offer new insights into futures thinking.

An Introduction to Audio Description in Museums, Galleries and Heritage Sites is a comprehensive guide that explores Audio Description (AD), a specialised verbal commentary that transforms visual information into accessible content for people who cannot fully perceive images. While AD has established applications in theatres, cinemas and broadcast media, its implementation in museums, galleries and heritage sites represents a rapidly growing field with unique challenges and opportunities.

Live audio-described tours and recorded audio descriptive guides serve as invaluable resources for blind and partially sighted visitors, combining engaging descriptions with practical navigation directions. These tools function simultaneously as intellectual support and practical aids, enabling meaningful engagement with cultural spaces. The book examines whether AD can transcend its utilitarian function to become an art form in itself, exploring how describing art might constitute its own creative practice.

The volume addresses the critical need for accessible cultural experiences, focusing specifically on provision of visual access for blind and partially sighted visitors to museums, galleries and heritage sites. It offers practical advice, exercises and professional guidance to museum staff and translation professionals, providing clear frameworks for understanding AD implementation and execution in cultural contexts. Written for diverse audiences, this book serves as essential reading for students of Audiovisual Translation within Translation Studies and Accessibility within Museum and Curatorial Studies. It also functions as a vital reference for professional curators seeking to understand AD's potential contributions to visitor experience and for experienced describers looking to diversify from traditional AD contexts into the specialised museum environment. The guide bridges theoretical understanding with practical application, making it an indispensable resource for anyone involved in creating more inclusive and accessible cultural institutions.

Contributors highlight the value of prioritising practice-based conversations and avoiding the pitfalls of reductive narratives, whether narrowly defined as colonial or positioned as pioneering the decolonial turn. They demonstrate how engaged anthropology involves deep reflexivity both in terms of everyday practice and the remaking of more equitable relationships. Chapters investigate key themes surrounding decolonisation, such as strategies, feminist research as collaborative education, awareness and funding structures, presenting a fluid and non-hierarchical approach to the practice of decolonial anthropology.

Innovative in content and scope, Decolonial Engagements in Anthropology is an essential resource for scholars and students of anthropology, postcolonial studies, museum studies and related social science disciplines. NGO policymakers and activists will likewise benefit from its astute analysis and broad scope.