Die Dissertation untersucht die Problematik der Stipendienbesteuerung im deutschen Einkommensteuerrecht und gleicht sie mit auslaendischen Rechtsordnungen ab. Diese Thematik reicht einerseits in Grundlagen des Einkommensteuerrechts und vor allem des Einkommensbegriffs hinein und ist andererseits mit den sehr spezifischen Foerdersystemen von Wissenschaft und Forschung und deren privatrechtlichen sowie oeffentlich-rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen verknuepft. Die Fragen verschaerfen sich durch die zunehmende internationale Dimension des Stipendienwesens. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickelt der Autor ein tragfaehiges Konzept zur rechtsdogmatischen Einordnung von Stipendien, unterbreitet Vorschlaege fuer das deutsche und internationale Recht de lege ferenda und liefert reiches Anschauungs- und Anwendungsmaterial fuer die diversen Fallgestaltungen der Praxis.

This book is the second of a series of five volumes that analyze and denounce the gender-based inequalities and violence faced by Latin American female social scientists in academic settings. This volume is dedicated to Argentina and offers a rigorous feminist ethnographic analysis of these issues in Argentinean universities. Drawing on qualitative interviews and systematic reviews, the book examines how structural and relational mechanisms-such as androcentrism, symbolic violence, and meritocracy bias-shape women's trajectories across undergraduate and graduate education, labor market insertion, and professional performance.

Organized into three parts, the chapters provide:

• A contextual overview of gender policies, historical trends, and statistical data on women's participation in Argentinean universities.
• In-depth narratives of family backgrounds, educational choices, and formative experiences, highlighting the intersection of gender mandates and class expectations.
• Analyses of workplace dynamics, including precarious employment, motherhood discrimination, and sexual harassment and abuse, revealing how institutional cultures perpetuate inequality despite women's numerical majority in academia.

By situating the Argentinean case within Latin American and global debates on gender equity, How to Suppress the Careers of Female Social Scientists - Volume 2: An Anti-Manual from Argentina contributes to feminist scholarship on higher education and scientific careers. It combines methodological rigor with critical reflection, offering insights for researchers, policymakers, and institutions seeking to address systemic inequities in academic environments.

The book is a groundbreaking collaborative effort authored by a diverse team of academic scholars and experts. Contributors hail from various corners of Africa and one esteemed scholar from Asia. This dynamic collaboration brings together a wealth of perspectives, enriching the discourse on the ethical dimensions of climate-conscious trade and sustainable development in Africa. Comprising thirteen thought-provoking chapters, this comprehensive work explores the intricate relationship between climate ethics, trade policies, and development strategies on the African continent. The authors delve into the complexities of ethical considerations within Africa's trade landscape, providing a nuanced analysis of how these considerations can shape the trajectory of sustainable development. The book not only navigates the uncertainties highlighted in the UN-commissioned Millennium Ecosystem Assessment but also takes on the crucial task of examining the interactions between indigenous knowledge systems and climate change adaptation. The resulting insights are dynamic, location-specific, and responsive to diverse drivers, offering a holistic understanding of the ethical challenges and opportunities that characterize the African trade and development landscape. An outstanding feature of this collaborative effort is the inclusive approach to the subject matter. The co-authors draw from their diverse expertise, weaving together insights from environmental ethics, political science, and development studies. This interdisciplinary approach ensures a well-rounded exploration of the moral imperatives guiding sustainable trade practices, making the book accessible to scholars and practitioners in the field. The exploration of African metaphysics and ethics within the context of climate change adds a unique and culturally rich dimension to the book. By synthesizing indigenous knowledge with contemporary ethical theories, the authors provide a bridge between tradition and modernity, offering a foundation for structuring ethical standards that resonate with the African experience. The book is a beacon of optimism and a roadmap for a more ethically grounded approach to African trade and development. With its insightful analyses, innovative proposals, and diverse authorship, this book is poised to become an essential resource for academics, policymakers, and anyone interested in the ethical dimensions of climate-conscious trade in Africa.

The book offers a comprehensive analysis of the legal implementation and impacts of the European Green Deal (EGD), introduced in 2019 to transform the EU towards a sustainable, carbon-neutral economy. Covering key research areas such as energy transition, biodiversity, circular economy, and climate law, it explores topics like the EU's potential withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty, the role of Power Purchase Agreements in energy markets, and the intersection of energy efficiency and biodiversity. The volume also addresses legal pathways for circularity in construction, marine ecosystem sustainability, forest conservation, and climate targets at the Member State level. Drawing on contributions from the 10th European Environmental Law Forum (2023, Leipzig), this book provides valuable insights for policymakers, legal professionals, and scholars working towards a climate-neutral Europe.

This open access book

Covering cases from across the Global North and South, chapters explore national, transnational and international implications of litigation. They highlight the diversity of cases and litigants turning to courts to assert, defend, or challenge climate-related duties, including youth, senior and Indigenous groups, as well as climate action NGOs. Expert authors assess the ways in which courts are being called on to hear and decide climate change claims, the strategies that litigants are adopting to advance their claims and the responses of governments, corporations and other defendants.

Researchers and students of environmental law, climate science, corporate liability and climate governance will benefit from this book's valuable insights. It is also an essential resource for legal practitioners advising litigants in environmental and climate matters, as well as policymakers involved in climate law.

Combining quantitative research and legal scholarship, the book assesses the recognition of the right to housing in international and domestic legislation and case law. The expert contributors compare the impact of housing rights across the globe, including in Ireland, South Africa, Spain and the United Kingdom. This book provides new methodological and theoretical insights into the future of resolving issues of insufficient housing supply, soaring costs and increasing insecurity of tenure.

The Impact of the Right to Housing in Times of Crisis is greatly beneficial to scholars and students of property and human rights law, alongside researchers in law and social sciences. It is also a valuable resource for practitioners and policymakers working in housing.

Wer zur Neuauflage des Jennissen greift, waehlt den kompakten Grosskommentar zum gesamten Wohnungseigentumsrecht. Wie gewohnt hoch strukturiert und in ueberzeugender Darstellungstiefe erlaeutert das Autorenteam die zahlreichen Detailfragen des WEG. Den Bearbeitern ist es gelungen, die Konturen, die die Rechtsprechung dem WEMoG inzwischen gegeben hat, eindrucksvoll herauszuarbeiten. Die Folgen der letzten gesetzgeberischen Aktivitaeten sind eingearbeitet. Beruecksichtigung fanden z.B. die Neuregelungen zu virtuellen Wohnungseigentuemerversammlungen, zum Einsatz von Steckersolargeraeten und zu den Erleichterungen beim Einbau Erneuerbarer-Energien-Anlagen, auch das Kohlendioxidkostenaufteilungsgesetz fand Eingang in die Kommentierung.

Auch mit dieser Neuauflage stellt der Kommentar seine Qualitaet wieder unter Beweis: Die Bearbeitungen durchdringen praezise alle neuen Entwicklungen und enthalten die fuer den konkreten Fall noetigen, frischen Argumentationslinien. Zur Gesetzgebung, zur Rechtsprechung oder auch zum Fortgang der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung.

This book examines development-induced displacement (DID), a form of internal displacement in which individuals or groups are involuntarily moved from their homes to make room for development projects, and its adverse consequences in light of international human rights law (IHRL). Using a human rights-based approach as a theoretical framework, it seeks to (re)frame the socio-economic consequences of DID as human rights issues and explore IHRL responses to these issues. It further aims to identify and analyse the human rights frameworks and norms applicable in the context of displacement, the rights of people affected, and the corresponding obligations of states.

While there is currently no binding and comprehensive international legal framework specifically addressing DID, individuals affected can benefit from the general protections provided under IHRL. Additionally, there are specialized human rights regimes that deal with specific subject matters relevant to DID or offer normative protections to specific groups affected by DID. Notably, the frameworks concerning the rights of internally displaced persons, the rights of indigenous peoples, and the right to development provide applicable normative standards. Relevant standards can also be drawn from various policy frameworks adopted by international financial institutions funding development projects potentially resulting in displacement. This work draws on these legal and policy frameworks. Overall, the objectives of this book are twofold: first, to map out existing IHRL norms applicable to DID; and second, to assess the adequacy of these norms in addressing the adverse consequences and distinctive features of DID. To these ends, the book identifies the relevant frameworks and norms, examines their application within the context of DID, and critically engages with their gaps and limitations.

Those working at the intersection of human rights and development or displacement will find this book relevant. It also offers valuable insights for protecting the rights of individuals or groups potentially affected by DID or for implementing DID in accordance with human rights standards.

Roman Girma Teshome is Assistant professor at Utrecht University's School of Law in Utrecht, The Netherlands. This is volume 104 in the Human Rights Research Series.

Entries explore diverse areas of study including apartheid, Chinese migration, land tenure reform, military mutinies, pan-Africanism, pre-colonial organisations and truth commissions. They outline analytical insights that connect the past and present as well as theory and practice, and direct readers towards fundamental literature references for deeper engagement with the topic.

Scholars and students of politics and public policy, development studies, international relations and regulation and governance, particularly within the field of African politics, will benefit from the foundations and depth presented by this Encyclopedia.

Key Features:

• Contains over 90 concise, analytical entries
• Written by specialists from across the globe
• Addresses the entire spectrum of the political system
• Engages with ongoing debates on decolonising political science

Die grenzueberschreitende Zusammenarbeit der Finanzbehoerden auf Grundlage der EU-Amtshilferichtlinie wurde in den vergangenen Jahren stetig erweitert und intensiviert. Hiermit verbunden sind zahlreiche Grundrechtseingriffe. Die Grundrechtsdogmatik im Bereich des Steuervollzugs innerhalb der Europaeischen Union ist bislang allerdings kaum systematisch untersucht. Thomas Sendke widmet sich diesem Grundrechtsschutz beim grenzueberschreitenden europaeischen Steuervollzug und analysiert zunaechst den anwendbaren grundrechtlichen Kontrollmassstab. Die grundrechtsdogmatische Klaerung des Zusammenspiels der verschiedenen Grundrechtsordnungen setzt zugleich eine Analyse des Stands der Harmonisierung im Bereich des Steuervollzugs voraus. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Unionsgrundrechte schon heute in vielen Bereichen des (grenzueberschreitenden) Steuervollzugs Anwendung finden. Sodann stellt Thomas Sendke die Schutzwirkung der verschiedenen Grundrechtsordnungen im Bereich der Verfahrenslasten gegenueber, um abschliessend einzelne Massnahmen des Steuervollzugs an dem ermittelten Massstab zu ueberpruefen. Es wird deutlich, dass die unionalen und nationalen Grundrechte in vielen Bereichen des grenzueberschreitenden Steuervollzugs bereits einen hinreichenden Schutz garantieren. Hierzu traegt auch die aktuelle Rechtsprechung des EuGH bei. In anderen Bereichen ist der Grundrechtsschutz dagegen noch defizitaer. Insgesamt leistet Thomas Sendke einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Entstehung eines europaeischen Steuerverfassungsrechts.

Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Mitchell B. Carroll Award 2025 der International Fiscal Association, dem Klaus Tipke Preis 2025 des Vereins der Koelner Steuerrechtswissenschaft e.V. und dem DWS-Wissenschaftspreis 2025 des Deutschen wissenschaftlichen Instituts der Steuerberater e.V. ausgezeichnet.

This book critically analyses the ongoing, often silent, expansion of genomics throughout society. Genomics has undeniably become an integral part of everyday life for many, albeit in ever-stratified ways, and this routinization process has come with interesting and often unpredicted consequences, interacting with national cultures, regulations, healthcare systems, patients, families, and more. Drawing from STS, anthropology, sociology, and political science, this volume explores multiple case studies across the globe, illustrating how genomics spreads, transforms, and is being transformed, ultimately becoming a routine, almost mundane, part of our daily life. The volume unpacks mundane genomics in five realms - assisted reproduction, genetic predisposition and the clinic, direct-to-consumer testing and the making of identities, forensics, and genomics imaginaries - presenting research that illuminates how genomics is no longer confined to the rhetoric of revolution, but increasingly operates within the contours of the everyday, with noteworthy implications for all the actors involved.

The starting point of this book is the question of to what extent knowledge can be objectively justified and to what extent our statements, in their claim to be true, must necessarily presuppose a reference to a world given independently of our subjective experience. Overall, it is to be shown that, first, every theory of truth must in some way be based on correspondence-theoretical assumptions (i.e., truth is the agreement of a statement or thought with reality). Second, however, that every form of the correspondence theory necessarily leads either to internally contradictory systems (especially Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Aristotle, and Popper) or to self-contained doctrines that are, by definition, not falsifiable (Thomas Aquinas, the Stoics, Plato, Wittgenstein, Habermas). Conclusion: Since every epistemology must include correspondence-theoretical assumptions (e.g., the ontological principle of a correspondence between being and consciousness), there is always an explanatory gap inherent in them.

In contrast to recent efforts to restrict students by putting more power in the hands of parents and school officials, Ronald C. Den Otter makes a bold and rigorously argued case for respecting the autonomy of students and expanding their free-speech rights.

In recent years, the debate over student speech has roiled college campuses and elicited a wave of books and articles, from both the Right and the Left, over what speech is permissible and who should receive a platform to speak. What has largely been overlooked in this debate is the freedom of speech-or lack thereof-enjoyed by junior high and high school students in American public schools.

Education in Democracy makes a powerful case for why free speech is just as important, if not even more so, for secondary education students as it is for those in higher education. As Ronald C. Den Otter shows, US Supreme Court jurisprudence on this topic lacks consistency and clarity, tending to restrict freedom for these students while giving school officials almost complete control, as in Justice Clarence Thomas's concurrence in Morse v. Frederick. Den Otter argues instead for a stricter version of the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District substantial disruption test, proposing that public junior high and high school students should be treated the same as students at public universities.

Without ignoring the challenges of hate speech, Den Otter makes a bold and impassioned argument for respecting the autonomy of all students and developing their autonomous capacities. Paternalistic treatment of students in the form of censorship by school authorities is morally and constitutionally unacceptable, according to Den Otter. Instead, American society should see public schools as laboratories in pluralism and democracy, places where students cultivate the civic virtue of tolerance and learn how to disagree in a responsible way. Doing so requires the bedrock foundation of free speech.

This book serves as a gentle primer on the philosophy of mind for those wishing to directly explore the strange subjective aspects of psychedelics, providing the means for novices to get to grips with the mind before disrupting it. The discussion includes both classic issues from philosophy of mind, as well as more recent developments in the science of mind. It is set across six key thematic areas: The Hard Problem of Consciousness; Problems of Measurement; Kinds of Minds; The Relation between Mind and World; Problems of Selfhood; and Making sense of Altered States. An introductory chapter orients readers in the basics of philosophical thinking concerning the nature of the mind. This text appeals to researchers and students in philosophy as well as to the general audience.

Aktuell, fundiert, unverzichtbar!

Standardwerk: Die Kommentierung besticht durch einen klaren Fokus auf praxisorientierte Loesungen fuer alle Alltagsprobleme rund um das FamFG. Stets wird bei den praegnanten Erlaeuterungen grosser Wert auf wissenschaftliche Gruendlichkeit und gleichzeitig auf beste Lesbarkeit gelegt. Die neueste hoechst- und instanzgerichtliche Rechtsprechung wird klar und meinungsstark auf den Punkt gebracht. Einschlaegige Literatur wird gleichermassen beruecksichtigt. Viele Formulierungsvorschlaege vervollstaendigen das Werk.

Grenzueberschreitend: Das Verfahren des internationalen Rechts wurde durch neueste Rechtsprechung und Entwicklungen aktualisiert; wie immer mit der Aufbereitung europaeischer Verordnungen und internationaler Uebereinkommen.

Kosten: Gerichtliche und anwaltliche Kostenhinweise am Ende der Kommentierung geben dem Praktiker einen guten Ueberblick an Ort und Stelle der Vorschrift.

Digital: Online ist das Werk in Otto Schmidt online und juris verfuegbar. Wem das noch nicht genug ist: Answers 4 Wochen testen - die KI-Anwendung Answers zusammen mit dem Aktionsmodul Zivilrecht nutzen. Schnelle Bearbeitungen mit rechtssicheren Inhalten ist hier garantiert.

Gesetzgebung: Seit der Vorauflage haben sich rund 40 Vorschriften geaendert. Diese Gesetze stecken dahinter:

• Gesetz zur Foerderung des Einsatzes von Videokonferenztechnik in der Zivilgerichtsbarkeit und den Fachgerichtsbarkeiten
• Gesetz zur Foerderung geordneter Kreditzweitmaerkte und zur Umsetzung der Richtlinie (EU) 2021/2167 ueber Kreditdienstleister und Kreditkaeufer sowie zur Aenderung weiterer finanzrechtlicher Bestimmungen (Kreditzweitmarktfoerderungsgesetz)
• Gesetz zur Modernisierung des Postrechts (Postrechtsmodernisierungsgesetz ? PostModG)
• Gesetz zur weiteren Digitalisierung der Justiz
• Gesetz zur Aenderung des Ehenamens- und Geburtsnamensrechts und des Internationalen Namensrechts
• Gesetz zum Schutz Minderjaehriger bei Auslandsehen
• 12. Gesetz zur Aenderung des Zweiten Buches Sozialgesetzbuch und anderer Gesetze ? Einfuehrung eines Buergergeldes (Buergergeld-Gesetz)
• Gesetz zur Neuregelung der Vormuender- und Betreuerverguetung und zur Entlastung von Betreuungsgerichten und Betreuern sowie zur Aenderung des Rechtsanwaltsverguetungsgesetzes und des Justizkostenrechts (Kosten- und Betreuerverguetungsrechtsaenderungsgesetz 2025 ? KostBRAeG 2025)
• Gesetz zur Unterstuetzung und Entlastung in der Pflege (Pflegeunterstuetzungs- und -entlastungsgesetz ? PUEG)
• Gesetz ueber die Selbstbestimmung in Bezug auf den Geschlechtseintrag und zur Aenderung weiterer Vorschriften
• Gesetz zur Vereinheitlichung des Stiftungsrechts und zur Aenderung des Infektionsschutzgesetzes
• Gesetz ueber die Digitalisierung des Finanzmarktes (Finanzmarktdigitalisierungsgesetz ? FinmadiG)
• Gesetz zur Abschaffung des Gueterrechtsregisters und zur Aenderung des COVID-19-Insolvenzaussetzungsgesetzes
• Rueckfuehrungsverbesserungsgesetz
• Gesetz zur Umsetzung der Umwandlungsrichtlinie und zur Aenderung weiterer Gesetze

Einige einschlaegige Gesetzentwuerfe sind aktuell noch in der Abstimmung. Die Autorinnen und Autoren haben die Aenderungen im Blick und geben an Ort und Stelle der Kommentierungen informative Ausblicke:

• Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Aenderung der Vorschriften ueber die Einfuehrung der elektronischen Akte in der Justiz und die allgemeine Beeidigung von Gerichtsdolmetschern
• Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Umsetzung des Urteils des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zur Vaterschaftsanfechtung
• Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Digitalisierung des Vollzugs von Immobilienvertraegen, der gerichtlichen Genehmigungen von notariellen Rechtsgeschaeften und der steuerlichen Anzeigen der Notare
• Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Aenderung des Zustaendigkeitsstreitwerts der Amtsgerichte, zum Ausbau der Spezialisierung der Justiz in Zivilsachen sowie zur Aenderung weiterer prozessualer Regelungen
• Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur weiteren Digitalisierung der Zwangsvollstreckung
• Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Einfuehrung einer elektronischen Praesenzbeurkundung

A sobering and eyeopening indictment that Congress has consistently been the most dangerous branch of government when it comes to protecting, and undermining, civil liberties-particularly in the wake of military conflict.

Why do wartime restrictions on civil liberties outlive their original justifications? Scholars have long argued that the blame lies with the executive branch of government. Their logic is straightforward: during war, lawmakers require (in Alexander Hamilton's words) "decision, activity, secrecy, and dispatch," so they choose to enable executive leadership. Executives promise to wield extraordinary powers temporarily, only to entrench them indefinitely. This book tests how these claims hold up in four pivotal moments in US history: the Civil War, World War I, World War II, and Vietnam. Ultimately, it finds them wanting.

Harry Blain argues that national legislators are decisive in sustaining postwar restrictions on civil liberties. These elected officials have formidable tools at their disposal, including powers over the rules and membership of their own institution, the funding and personnel of the executive branch, the jurisdiction of federal courts, and the priorities of state and local governments. These tools make Congress, not the executive, the primary institutional threat to civil liberties in the aftermath of war. For example, the House used its exclusion power to refuse to seat the socialist Victor Berger, disenfranchising voters in the process; Congress used its power to compel testimony during the Red Scares in an effort to discredit and humiliate their political enemies; and legislators have removed, or threatened to remove, Supreme Court jurisdiction over habeas corpus petitions throughout US history.

In a time where the president and the Supreme Court are seen as the most dangerous branches of government, Legislating Against Liberties is a sober reminder that Congress has historically been at the vanguard of undermining democracy and liberty.

Das ?Handbuch der Mindestbesteuerung" behandelt praxisnah die Anwendungsfragen der globalen Mindestbesteuerung (Pillar 2). Das Handbuch bereitet praktisch relevante Sachverhalte Schritt fuer Schritt auf und erlaeutert ausgehend von der Abbildung im Accounting und der steuerlichen Behandlung nach dem EStG und KStG die Besonderheiten des MinStG.

Die einzelnen Kapitel umfassen u.a. die Einfuehrung und Umsetzung eines Mindeststeuerregimes, Wirkungsweise der Ergaenzungssteuer, Umsetzung der GloBE-Rules durch das MinStG, Mindeststeuergewinn- und -verlust (incl. Anpassungen im Einzelnen und sektorspezifische Anpassungen), Erfasste Steuern und Steuererhoehungsbetrag, Personengesellschaften und transparente Einheiten, Sonderfaelle bei der Ermittlung der Mindeststeuer, Safe-Harbours, Anzeige- und Deklarationspflichten und Uebergangsregelungen.

The dramatic story of how a small neighborhood in Connecticut became the site and symbol of a political conflict over the use of eminent domain, mobilizing a national property rights movement.

In 2000, Susette Kelo and other residents of the Fort Trumbull neighborhood sued the city of New London, Connecticut. Two years earlier, the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer had built a facility adjacent to this area. Shortly thereafter, the city empowered the privately owned New London Development Corporation to use the power of eminent domain to implement a "comprehensive redevelopment plan" for the neighborhood. While the plaintiffs argued that economic development did not qualify as a valid "public use" under the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment, the Supreme Court decided in a controversial 2005 decision that the potential economic benefits of the plan justified the condemnation of private property as long as appropriate compensation was paid.

The Kelo decision implied that any town could transfer property to private developers on the grounds of possible future tax revenue and job creation, so long as that action was included in an economic development plan. The outrage over the decision unleashed a near-unanimous backlash, even resulting in an executive order from President George W. Bush instructing the federal government to limit the use of eminent domain. Numerous states passed ballot initiatives and legislation restricting eminent domain in the wake of the Kelo case. Despite this outcry, urban planners and others defended it as a necessary application of existing precedent that allowed cities flexibility to combat economic downturns. Lead plaintiff Susette Kelo and her pink house became a symbol of a growing national property rights movement and a deepening conflict between public officials and property owners, between large corporations and local communities. Perhaps most disastrously, after bulldozing the neighborhood the developer was unable to secure the necessary financing and abandoned the project, leaving empty lots where the plaintiffs' properties once stood. It would be many years before a feasible plan led to actual new construction and improvements.

Not for Sale recounts this iconic episode in recent legal history, giving full attention to both the human and legal elements of the story and offering a balanced consideration of each. The story remains as relevant as ever, especially since the Supreme Court has repeatedly refused to reconsider its decision, most recently in Bowers Development, LLC v. Oneida County Industrial Development Agency (2025).

The dramatic story of how New Yorkers saved Grand Central Terminal and established the precedent for preserving urban landmarks.

No Ordinary Landmark tells the legal story of how Grand Central Terminal became a landmark. This is the fascinating, littleknown history of the railroad company that owned Grand Central, the architects and engineers who built it, the city that supported it, and the lawsuit that saved it. The cast of characters is immense: some familiar, like Mayor Robert Wagner and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and some now obscure, like Albert Bard, father of the New York Landmarks Law. Railroad moguls, real estate barons, politicians, arts experts, and above all lawyers and judges all played vital roles. It is a story of landmark law at a critical moment in its existence and what property owners ultimately do with their assets. Finally, this is the story of one of the greatest cities in the world, in microcosm.

Opened in 1913, Grand Central Terminal (GCT) became a costly luxury for the New York Central Railroad in the postwar years, as the rise of automobile culture and interstate highway systems led to a precipitous decline in railroad use. In the 1950s, proposals were put forward to replace GCT with more lucrative buildings, including the massive Pei Tower. This led Bard in 1954 to draft an act for New York State to recognize landmarks, the Historic Preservation Enabling Act. It was passed by the legislature and signed into law in 1956, though it was not used to create the New York City Landmarks Law until 1965-by which time Pennsylvania Station had been demolished to make way for the fourth, and current, iteration of Madison Square Garden. Immediately after the landmark designation for GCT became official in 1967, New York Central Railroad merged with Pennsylvania Railroad to form Penn Central, and the new company proposed to demolish GCT the way it had Pennsylvania Station. When New York refused to consider the plans, Penn Central sued the city, thus paving way for the legal battle that the Supreme Court finally decided in 1978.

Louis Hull Hoffer sheds new light on the suit between the Pennsylvania Railroad and the City of New York, showing how this iconic legal battle pit two core values of American jurisprudence against one another: the absolute right of property owners over their property and the public's interest in shared urban spaces. While the tension between these values persists today, Penn Central v. New York City created a new legal framework for a generation of jurists, planners, preservationists, and legal scholars.

The Mind of the Slave untangles the double nature of slaves as property and as human beings under the law in the Roman world. As human beings, slaves had free will and legally recognized autonomy while acting for their owner. Although their autonomy was fundamental to the Roman economy, it had the potential to lead to insecurity in the day-to-day experiences of the owner and enslaved person. Will an enslaved agent decide to act in the best interest of their owner? To sell their secrets? To run away? These moments of insecurity are the subject of this book; they reveal an owner's struggle to know the mind of the slave and to reconcile ownership over a reasoning, emotional, and purposive human being. Nicole J. Giannella argues that this reliance on the mind of the slave reveals fault lines in the ownership of the enslaved. This is where we can glimpse beyond the trappings of law and see the need for negotiation, incentives, and ultimately, the trust that the owner puts in their slave.

In order to place Roman jurists in conversation with both technical and literary sources, Giannella grounds this study in philology and argues that conceptions of the mind of the slave were at the heart of legal and cultural debates about the nature of slavery and ownership. It also contributes to a wider debate about selfhood and autonomy, since philosophers often used the figure of the slave as a representation of humanity as its limits.

A compelling story of scandal and reform at the highest levels of state government

In the 1970s, justices on the Florida Supreme Court were popularly elected. But a number of scandals threatened to topple the court until public outrage led to profound reforms and fundamental changes in the way justices were seated.

One justice abruptly retired after being filmed on a high-roller junket to Las Vegas. Two others tried to fix cases in lower courts on behalf of campaign supporters. A fourth destroyed evidence by shredding his copy of a document into "seventeen equal" strips of paper that he then flushed down a toilet.

As the journalist who wrote most of the stories that exposed these events, Martin Dyckman played a key role in revealing the corruption, favoritism, and cronyism then rampant in the court.

A Most Disorderly Court recounts this dark period in Florida politics, when stunning revelations regularly came to light. He also traces the reform efforts that ultimately led to a constitutional amendment providing for the appointment of all Florida's appellate judges, and emphasizes the absolute importance of confidential sources for journalists.

This book offers an intersectional approach to gender-based discrimination and consideration of substantive gender inequalities issues within different fields of law and legal education. Intersectional approach to gender-based discrimination enables a crucial understanding of complexities of power relations that have been embedded in multiple gender-based inequalities within plural identities. The book contributes to the creation, interpretation and implementation of law and public policies from the point of intersecting different power relations within gender-based oppression, and also with taking into consideration the contextualized expressing of the dialectic of patriarchy and emancipation from the local, national, regional, to global/international legal framework. In the ever-evolving landscape of legal scholarship, this book presents a multidisciplinary exploration that intertwines law, gender, intersectionality, and diversity. The book transcends traditional boundaries, inviting readers to traverse the intricate web of legal theory, lived experiences, and social justice imperatives.