This book examines schools as dynamic social arenas where everyday interactions are shaped by broader institutional conditions.
Drawing on sociological theory - particularly Erving Goffman's interactionism and dramaturgical perspective - Ingrid Bosseldal and Anders Persson analyze how teachers and students perform and negotiate roles within the classroom while also considering the school as a politically governed institution with overlapping dimensions of organization, institution, and seminar. By connecting micro-level interactions with wider structural frameworks, the authors offer analytical tools for understanding schools not only as sites of learning but also as arenas where social order is enacted, contested, and reshaped. This book will be of value to sociologists, educators, and policymakers seeking deeper insight into the complex social processes that underlie everyday school life.

This book offers the first comprehensive study of Sarat Chandra Das (1849-1917), the Bengali explorer and scholar whose journeys to Tibet and scholarly contributions transformed the religious and intellectual landscape of colonial Bengal. Tracing Das's expeditions, his recovery of Sanskrit Buddhist texts, and the founding of the Buddhist Text Society of India, the book reveals how Tibet was reimagined as a sacred geography-central to the revival of Buddhism and the construction of new nationalist histories in early twentieth-century Bengal. By centering the theme of native agency and highlighting Das's collaborations with Tibetan and Sikkimese interlocutors, the book challenges dominant narratives of colonial knowledge-making. It shows how Buddhism, textual and visual discourses, and trans-Himalayan networks were mobilized in service of both historical recovery and regional self-fashioning of Bengal's past. Rich in historical detail and interpretive insight, the book significantly contributes to Buddhist studies, Tibetology, and South Asian intellectual history.

This set of four volumes draws together extended material from across the topics of music in Britain in the long nineteenth century, particularly focussing on documents not readily accessible or not commonly quoted in the literature. Together they will form an important resource for students and scholars of music and culture.

The general introduction explores the state of research into music in nineteenth-century Britain from a historiographical perspective, as well as an assessment of the most pressing themes for the immediate future of the discipline. Introductions to each thematic section briefly review the relevant literature and the most important points of concern, while a short preface to each document points out particular points of note, context, and explanations of any unusual phrases.

Each sub-topic includes four or five documents drawn from newspapers, journals, pamphlets and, where possible, archival material. Documents will span the full length of the nineteenth century and a significant number will be drawn from the writings of Scottish, Welsh and Irish authors.

This collection brings together primary sources on the British textile industry across the long nineteenth-century, a subject that is both global and multidisciplinary. This set provides an extensive range of resources on the calico printing industry, textile warehousing and shipping, and textile waste and recycling.

This edited volume examines how political violence and coercion are central to state capture.

Departing from accounts that largely emphasize economic influence, corruption, and institutional weakness, this volume demonstrates how armed force, intimidation, and repression can be decisive in enabling elites and armed actors to control state institutions. The book examines how, across different political and institutional settings, political and economic elites can work in alliance with armed actors-including militias, paramilitaries, and organized crime networks-to shape policy, extract resources, and undermine accountability. Through comparative case studies spanning the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and southern Europe, the chapters show how, in fragile and vulnerable states, violence and corruption can become embedded in everyday governance. By systematically integrating political violence into the study of state capture, the book offers a timely framework that bridges political economy, security studies, and state-building debates.

This book will be of great interest to students of political violence, corruption, state fragility, governance in contested spaces, and international relations.

China's foreign policy is one of the most significant forces shaping global politics today. This book examines the evolving logic, instruments, and contradictions of China's approach in an era of intensified great power competition. It explores China's reshaped relations with the United States and Europe, its deepening yet uneasy alignment with Russia, its evolving security and economic strategies along its periphery, and its expanding influence in the Global South. Rather than portraying China as pursuing a singular, coherent grand strategy, the chapters reveal a complex picture of ambition and constraint, cooperation and competition, confidence and insecurity.

This edited volume brings together a collection of previously published articles from the Journal of Contemporary China, offering a cohesive and insightful analysis of these themes. At its core is a compelling idea: China's foreign policy combines hard-nosed concerns about power, security, and rivalry with a strategic reliance on institutions, economic ties, and global governance. This duality explains why China alternates between challenging the existing international order and working within it.

Written in clear, accessible language, this book is essential reading for students, policymakers, and general readers in the fields of international relations, political science, Asian studies, and global governance. It offers valuable insights into China's growing global role and its profound implications for the future of international relations.

This book presents a theoretical framework for understanding Iraqi foreign policy from the 1950s through the late Cold War, examining how successive regimes navigated complex international and domestic pressures.

Fatih Oguzhan Ipek analyzes the interplay between systemic factors-including influences from great and regional powers-and unit-level variables such as the Iraqi foreign policy executive (FPE) and societal elites. By exploring four critical dimensions-the threat environment, the FPE's structural autonomy, foreign policy coalitions, and domestic power balances-the book reveals how Iraqi leaders strategically used foreign policy to address both external threats and internal challenges. Case studies demonstrate how the concern for regime survival in the Hashemite monarchy motivated it to accede to the Baghdad Pact, how the Iraq-Egypt rivalry influenced Qasim's decision to invade Kuwait, how Nasserism and Arab nationalism compelled President Arif to join the 1967 Arab-Israeli War despite limited autonomy, and how Iraqi leaders responded to rising powers based on their structural position and the domestic political landscape. This analysis moves beyond conventional explanations of Iraqi foreign policy, offering a nuanced understanding of how authoritarian regimes balance external pressures and domestic constraints when formulating strategic decisions.

This book examines India-Japan bilateral ties in historical context and contemporary significance during Modi and Abe administrations. The study analyzes less explored issues such as Indian diaspora in Japan and bilateral cooperation in Northeast India development, complementarity of interests in security and economic aspects with assessment of shared Asian values and also includes:

• Comprehensive evaluation of India-Japan bilateral ties in historical context and contemporary significance during Modi and Abe administrations
• Analysis of less explored issues including Indian diaspora in Japan and bilateral cooperation in developing Northeast India region
• Assessment of complementarity and convergence of interests between India and Japan in security and economic aspects
• Investigation of shared Asian values and mutual understanding as foundation for deeper cooperation on regional and global issues
• Policy recommendations for future directions of India-Japan relationship based on micro-analysis of overlooked bilateral issues

This title has been co-published with Knowledge World Publishers. T&F does not sell or distribute the print versions in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri lanka.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of Russia's Arctic policies since the 2022 war with Ukraine began. Covering geopolitical transformations, domestic evolutions and the role of climate change, it traces how, for around two decades, Russia has renewed its strategic interest in the Arctic region. It reflects on how, with more than half of the circumpolar territories, Russia's Arctic regions generate between 10 and 15% of Russia's GDP and a quarter of its exports, with the yet-to-be-explored reserves of the Arctic continental shelf also offering immense potential.

Russia's Arctic analyses the growth of hydrocarbon deposits in the far north of Siberia and nearby offshore areas and how this has contributed to the rapid development of the Northern Sea Route. Marlene Laruelle and Jean Radvanyi examine the tremendous long-term importance of the region for Russia, regardless of internal political developments and the state of relations with the West. Long a place for science diplomacy and transborder dialogue, the region has once again become a hotspot for geostrategic tensions and a new interface between an expanded NATO and Russia. While the West is imposing increasingly broad sanctions specifically targeting Arctic hydrocarbon development projects, the Russian government is striving to circumvent or mitigate their effects with countermeasures by relying on their allies, most of whom are Asian.

Laruelle and Radvanyi convincingly contend that Russian Arctic development policy must take into account the economic needs of the Russian budget and the geopolitical realities of decoupling from the West and pivoting towards the so-called 'Global South'. Additionally, it must consider the heavy legacies of the past in terms of population, infrastructure, and pollution, as well as future projections regarding the impact of climate change.

How did the War on Terror impact Al-Qaida in the decade after 9/11?

This is the first book to analyse the inner workings of the group through the eyes of its mid-level leaders in Pakistan, who were, in practice, running al-Qaida's affairs when communications with Osama bin Laden were slow or absent.

The book relies on a large collection of little-known Arabic primary sources about al-Qaida, including the "Abbottabad documents" - the group's own, internal communications between 2002-2011. Al-Qaida's performance is assessed in three areas: the war in Afghanistan; the war in Iraq; and international terrorism. Chapters explain why the group's contributions to the Afghan war were modest, shows the reasons for Al-Qaida's inability to influence events in Iraq, and charts its fading ability to organize international terrorist attacks.

The Abbottabad documents reveal that Al-Qaida's demise after 9/11 was not simply the result of effective counterterrorism. Rather, the group's organizational weaknesses and the fallibilities of individual leaders played a vital role. The book gives us the first glimpse into the instances where bin Laden's lack of strategy meant al-Qaida's mid-level leadership had to grapple with the consequences. It also documents the detrimental impact of the relationship between al-Qaida and the Taliban.

With its authoritarian distortions, the Marxism of the 20th century sundered the connections between the practice of Communism, and its essentially democratic ethos.

This book reconstructs those vital threads by turning to the work of Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci. In the wake of the rise of neoliberalism and the new global order that it ushered in, Gramsci and the Struggle for Democratic Communism asks: what form of political rule can facilitate the transition away from capitalism's increasingly apocalyptic end game?

To answer this question, Wayne puts Gramsci into dialogue with key thinkers from his own historical period, from Marx, Lenin and Trotsky through to John Dewey and Walter Lippmann. Wayne argues that Gramsci's contribution to Marxism helps clarify the political inheritance that class democracies bequeath a revolutionary transition. Wayne then puts Gramsci into a critical dialogue with contemporary thinkers such as Stuart Hall, Ernesto Laclau and Antonio Negri, analysing such crisis situations as Britain and Venezuela under neoliberalism. In the final chapter he develops the concept of 'elongated dual power' to explore how revolutionary change can be reconciled with democratic principles as the old choice between barbarism or revolutionary change looms once more on the horizon.

This book analyses ethnic conflict, peace, and democracy in Afghanistan, with a particular focus on the Hazara peoples struggles during the 2001-2021 era.

Ethnicity shapes everything in Afghanistan, its state, its political structures and its social institutions. This book aims to evaluate how ethnicity shapes politics in Afghanistan and focuses on some of the aspects of the Hazara people's struggles to reach sustainable peace with justice in Afghanistan. It develops a new framework to better understand that ethnicity is not just a 'politically sensitive issue' but defines how politics is being conducted; in that sense, the 'how' of Afghanistan's politics along ethnic divisions is re-conceptualized, problematized, and contextualized. The book puts forward a nuanced argument by analytically distinguishing between and empirically testing political and social behaviours, perspectives, and practices in relation to ethnicity, which is increasingly gaining in salience and informing intercommunal relationships in Afghanistan. This approach provides significant new insights into non-traditional political contexts.

This book will be of much interest to students of ethnic conflict, Asian politics, critical security studies, and international relations.

This book analyzes Israeli military actions in Gaza following the Hamas attacks of October 7, 2023, offering a rigorous assessment through the lens of genocide studies. Drawing on established theoretical frameworks, the author demonstrates how these events align with recognized definitions of genocide, challenging readers to confront difficult questions about collective violence and responsibility. The analysis explores how Israeli actions are shaped by historical trauma, particularly the Holocaust, and fears that Palestinian control of the same area would threaten Jewish existence.

Through meticulous research, the book reveals the mechanisms enabling mass violence: identity polarization, dehumanization, and psychological denial that preserves moral self-image. In a parallel investigation, the author documents widespread attempts to suppress academic and public discourse on Israel-Palestine relations. Through carefully documented case studies involving academic censorship, professional retaliation, deportations, and institutional interference, the book makes a powerful case for protecting free inquiry as essential to understanding and addressing complex geopolitical conflicts.

This volume will appeal to scholars specializing in genocide and related forms of group violence, students learning about these topics, and anyone interested in academic freedom issues and current events associated with Gaza.

The Cairo School of an Islamic Civilizational Paradigm in International Relations: The Building Process traces the intellectual evolution of a multi-generational scholarly project developed at Cairo University's Faculty of Economics and Political Science over four decades. Rather than treating Islam as a cultural or political variable, the paradigm positions Islam as a standpoint shaping knowledge production in the discipline. It introduces a taw?idi (monotheism-based) epistemic framework that rethinks the claimed universality of International Relations' metatheoretical foundations while recognizing plural worldviews and their formative role in theory, methodology, and ontology.

Moving beyond traditional jurisprudential approaches, the paradigm advances a multidimensional civilizational approach to International Relations that integrates historical, ethical, cultural, and social dimensions into the analysis of global politics. This book explores the paradigm's origins, core assumptions, conceptual architecture, and cumulative development across generations. It situates the approach primarily in relation to positivist and post-positivist traditions while also engaging non-Western approaches and emphasizes its comparative method of theorization and concept formation.

Arguing for a more inclusive and epistemologically diverse understanding of global politics, The Cairo School of an Islamic Civilizational Paradigm in International Relations: The Building Process will appeal to advanced students and scholars of International Relations, catering to those with an inclusive and epistemologically diverse understanding of global politics.

This edited collection offers a comprehensive, multidisciplinary examination of how the EU has addressed violent radicalization as a key precursor to terrorism.

Set against the backdrop of the post-9/11 security landscape and the evolving threats of jihadist, far-right, online, and lone-actor extremism, the volume analyzes the gradual shift from state-centered counterterrorism to preventive and cooperative frameworks. The book combines international, legal, and policy analyses with local and individual-level perspectives. The first part explores EU-level policies, legal competences, and cooperation mechanisms developed to prevent violent radicalization, highlighting both achievements and structural limitations. Chapters examine the evolution of EU prevention strategies, the adequacy of EU law to address emerging trends, the development of the European Security Union, and the risks of counterproductive securitization through concepts such as the "extremism trap." The second part focuses on emerging threats and practical prevention experiences, emphasizing gaps in existing responses. It addresses underexplored phenomena, such as incel ideology, far-right digital activism, and lone-actor terrorism, as well as the role of mental health, education, and identity dynamics in radicalization processes. The chapters in this second part include empirical studies and program evaluations largely drawn from European and Spanish contexts.

This book will be of interest to academics, researchers, and advanced students in the fields of terrorism and counterterrorism studies, radicalization, the prevention of violent extremism, international law, European politics, criminology, and security studies more broadly.

Hilary Putnam is widely regarded as one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. This volume deals with the manifold aspects of Putnam's philosophy, either by reconstructing its internal evolution or by showing its originality and relevance for contemporary debates.

Putnam's contributions have had a profound impact across a wide range of philosophical subdisciplines. His thought, therefore, poses a challenge to the drive toward specialization that characterizes contemporary philosophy. As he openly argues in Realism with a Human Face, philosophical reflection must satisfy two equally legitimate demands: the scholastic conception of philosophy suggests that efforts should be directed towards the solution of tiny and neatly defined problems, while the cosmic conception urges us to address the general question of how knowledge relates to the essential ends of human reason. To reflect on Putnam's philosophy, therefore, is to reflect on how philosophical work should be done. The chapters in this volume feature a pluralistic approach that attempts to cover the whole spectrum of Putnam's philosophy, from his work in epistemology, philosophy of science, and philosophy of mind, to his reflections on ethics, pragmatism, Jewish philosophy, religion, and politics. Taken together, the chapters not only recognize the limits, challenges, and fruitfulness of Putnam's thought, but also provide novel assessments of his philosophy and use it as a springboard for developing new and original theoretical insights.

Interpreting Putnam will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, ethics, philosophy of religion, political philosophy, pragmatism, history of analytic philosophy, and American philosophy.

This book is a comprehensive guide for foreign policy practitioners navigating the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on diplomacy and statecraft.

It begins by simplifying AI technologies for nontechnical readers and tracing historical parallels of how these transformative technologies have reshaped diplomacy. Organized into three themes-Progress, Power, and Peace-the book explores AI as a frontier reshaping international affairs. The Progress and Power sections examine AI's role in geopolitical competition, economic security, and the rise of Big Tech as quasi-sovereign actors, alongside security threats like lethal autonomous systems and AI-driven cyber warfare. The Peace section offers practical insights, showcasing real-world AI applications in diplomacy, peacebuilding, and crisis management. This book also addresses ethical and governance challenges, such as algorithmic bias, the erosion of human control, and the race to regulate AI's rapid evolution. Concluding with aspirations rather than predictions, it envisions how nations can navigate AI rivalry, seize opportunities, and redirect technologies toward peace. Designed for flexibility, each chapter stands alone, enriched with quotes, case studies, and reflections to inspire readers to explore AI's implications for global diplomacy.

This is not a book about tomorrow; it's about preparing for tomorrow by understanding the choices made today. Whether you're a diplomat seeking to understand these tools, a technologist grasping the geopolitical implications of your work, a student preparing for international relations, or a citizen navigating a changing world, this book offers a vital resource, grounded in real-world examples, to guide future work in becoming more informed and responsible.

Ludwig Wittgenstein left an indelible footprint on contemporary philosophy. His influence has been rich and wide-ranging. However, the interpretation or understanding of Wittgenstein's views - both his early views and his late views - is exceedingly fraught and contentious. How was Wittgenstein's thought received by his contemporaries, such as Frank Ramsey, Bertrand Russell, Gilbert Ryle, and Elizabeth Anscombe? How did it shape the philosophical outlook of later philosophers, such as Michael Dummett, Willard
Quine, Hilary Putnam, and Richard Rorty? And how does it continue to influence contemporary philosophers such as Crispin Wright, Simon Blackburn, Penelope Maddy, and Charles Travis?

The Routledge Handbook of Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: Part 1 examines the impact and influence of Wittgenstein's thought on some of the most significant philosophers of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Comprising forty chapters by a
stellar line-up of contributors, Part 1 considers Wittgenstein's impact on the forementioned figures as well as many more, with chapters for example on Wilfrid Sellars, Noam Chomsky, Thomas Nagel, Cora Diamond, Saul Kripke, Robert Brandom, and John McDowell.

Recognizing the significance of cross-cultural exchange across newly established frontiers, this edited volume explores the purpose and relevance of non-Japanese individuals who operated with or within the samurai class and their role in constructing and communicating identity in early modern Japan.

The volume proposes a largely unexplored methodological lens through which to examine Japanese engagement with foreign others: the samurai class. These chapters locate instances of cross-cultural influence, by non-Japanese who conformed to Japanese society or by Japanese people who adopted foreign practices, and identify those individuals responsible for creating such fusion - and, at times, confusion - of values, loyalties, and traditions. This project serves as an examination of foreigners within the warrior class, gathering such studies in a singular volume, to yield vital and timely insight into power dynamics, the performance of identity, and the transmission and translation of cultural ideologies in the early modern world. Topics explored include samurai and the Japanese military class; Portuguese, Dutch, and English merchants in eastern Asia; Jesuit activity in Japan; Japan's invasions of Korea; the reopening of Japan to western contact; European travel accounts; artistic and textual representation of Japan; and the Boshin War.

This volume appeals to a range of scholars, both those from European and eastern Asian studies and of the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. The collection is well suited for graduate students of Japanese history, identity in the early modern period, and global exploration and commercial enterprise.

Analyzing the trajectory of global capitalism as seen from working-class and anti-colonial movements in the Global South, this book demonstrates how theoretical work in Marxist political economy and scholarship in social history can work in tandem to articulate the structures of world-historical capitalism.

Marxist Theory and Social History of the Global South presents a distinct approach to social history, exploring Marxist theory from an explicitly anti-imperialist perspective from the Global South to unfolding Marxist political economy, empirical work on anti-fascist movements in the 1970s Global South, engagement with experimental art as left politics in the Global South, historiographies of labor movements, and writings on historical methods. Approaching the humanities and the social sciences through the lens of anti-authoritarian, anti-imperialist Marxist political economy, this book engages with Marxism articulated in a range of different forms to determine that one must break with nationalist historiography and must not view decolonization as a uniform struggle against colonialism for all people. Analysis must view decolonization as affecting categories of people unevenly and narrate decolonization through the overlooked question of class struggle to effectively dismantle power and hierarchy.

Providing an important theoretical framework for contemporary Marxist theory and social history, Plys has created a key resource for advanced students and researchers in sociology, social theory, political science, postcolonial studies, economics, and cultural studies, expanding coverage of a deeply overlooked area in political sociology.

Caribbean Network Diplomacy: Addressing Global Challenges through Regional Collaboration analyses how Caribbean small states use communication networks, regional institutions, and collaborative coalitions to exercise diplomatic influence in an increasingly complex global system. This book advances a network-based understanding of diplomacy, demonstrating how strategic communication and coordination enable small states to shape outcomes beyond traditional bilateral and multilateral channels.

Drawing on original empirical research and in-depth case studies, including the Healthy Caribbean Coalition (HCC) and the Caribbean Youth Environment Network (CYEN), this book examines how networks facilitate collaboration, agenda-setting, and collective action in areas such as global health and climate governance. It also critically examines the limits of networked diplomacy, addressing challenges such as political fragmentation, uneven power relations, and resource constraints, and considers how to navigate them.

This book will appeal to scholars and postgraduate students of international relations, diplomacy, global governance, and Caribbean studies, as well as policymakers and practitioners interested in small-state diplomacy, regional cooperation, and networked approaches to global problem-solving.