歴史学 — 全 下位分類

Founded in 1935, the New Farmers of America (NFA) was the first national organization for Black farm boys studying vocational agriculture at segregated public high schools across the South-and as far north as New Jersey. Sociologist and award-winning author Bobby J. Smith II charts new terrain in Black history by uncovering the hidden story of the organization, which grew to an annual membership of more than 55,000 members and empowered Black boys to challenge racial exclusion in agriculture by becoming farmers and pursuing careers in agriculture. But by 1965, the NFA had vanished-unraveled by a hostile takeover by the predominantly white Future Farmers of America (FFA). The NFA, and the generation of Black agricultural leaders it helped shape, were largely erased from the historical record.

In vivid prose, Smith confronts the haunting paradox of the NFA: an organization that transformed rural Black life yet remains almost entirely absent from American memory. Reconstructing the NFA's rise, influence, and disappearance, Black Farm Boys reshapes the history of the Black agricultural experience and restores a vital chapter in the story of education, rural life, and racial justice in the United States.

Ogling, catcalling, wolf-whistling: such everyday intrusions from male strangers greeted American women from their first forays into urban space. Watching the Girls Go By is the first book-length history of the phenomenon we know today as street harassment. Spanning more than a century, from the 1860s to the 1980s, this book reveals how street harassment became normalized as part of urban life and restricted women's freedom of movement through the city.

Historian Molly M. Brookfield charts how American social and cultural discourses cast behaviors like catcalling as the natural entitlement of white, middle-class men, while scapegoating and punishing men of color and working-class men as the stereotypical-and supposedly more dangerous-harassers. She mines a rich archive of newspaper reports, popular culture, women's writings, public policy, and more to uncover how class, race, and gender shaped Americans' experiences of public space, including who claimed a "right" to women's bodies, who was seen as a sexual threat, and how women fought back against harassment. Watching the Girls Go By challenges readers to reckon with how the long history and lasting impact of the seemingly trivial intrusions that constitute street harassment continue to shape public space today.

This book challenges conventional narratives of the evolution of working hours in Western Europe, offering a fresh perspective on the complex mosaic of actual working time. By examining the historical and sociological dimensions of labour from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century, it challenges the oversimplified view that work evolved over three main periods: a pre-industrial era, when working hours were not measured; the advent of industrialisation, when they increased dramatically; and a period after 1850, when they began to decline. In doing so, the book invites readers to reconsider the ideas of influential thinkers such as Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Max Weber and Michel Foucault.

Key concepts explored include division of labour, variations in work ethic, and the impact of industrialisation. Through meticulous micro-historical case studies, the authors reconstruct the temporal realities of work in Europe, with a focus on France, Belgium and Italy. This approach provides a ground-level view of labour, revealing the nuanced realities of working hours along with work duration and intensity. Ideal for historians, sociologists and scholars of labour studies, this volume offers a bridge between the various historiographies of work and encourages dialogue across periods and regions. It is an essential resource for anyone interested in the historical depth of contemporary issues like productivity and work-life balance.

This one-hundred-year history of the island of Guahan, also known as Guam, charts how Indigenous CHamorus and Filipino migrants navigated and negotiated the expansion of US imperialism and militarism in the Pacific. Throughout the twentieth century, CHamorus and Filipinos living in Guahan expressed their discontent with the inequities created by the US empire. Instead of partaking in outright anticolonial movements, they advocated for liberal solutions such as individual rights, land ownership, economic opportunities, and US citizenship. Unraveling this entangled history, Kristin Oberiano exposes the limitations of liberalism in anticolonial resistance.

Tracing the long history of CHamoru-Filipino relations, from the exile of Filipino revolutionaries to Guahan to the burgeoning CHamoru self-determination movement, Territorial Discontent grapples with the varied motives that propelled CHamorus and Filipinos to rely on the limited liberal promise of freedom. Oberiano reveals that implementing these solutions for one group too often required the continued colonization of the other, entrenching US colonialism in Guahan and enflaming tensions between CHamorus and Filipinos. Examining these antagonisms, Oberiano argues that building relationships with the CHamoru virtue of inafa'maolek-"to make good"-can nurture CHamoru-Filipino solidarities and illuminate alternative possibilities for Guahan's ongoing decolonization movement.

Seven years after the US Civil War and nearly 150 years before COVID, horses near Toronto began falling deathly ill with a sickness soon diagnosed as influenza. It took just a few weeks for this mutant flu variant to spread throughout southeastern Canada and into the northeastern US, infecting more than 90 percent of horses, donkeys, and mules wherever it struck. By the time the outbreak relented more than a year later, the Great Horse Flu of 1872 to 1873 had convulsed nearly every corner of North America and parts of Cuba, Mexico, and Central America.

This little-known scourge paralyzed the continent's horse-powered economy at a critical political moment. As hundreds of thousands of animals died and entire cities ground to a halt, the outbreak exposed the fragility of industrial capitalism and the US's deep dependence on animal labor. The Great Horse Flu triggered catastrophes including the Great Boston Fire; unleashed seething social and racial conflict; stoked partisan divides; and set the stage for the Panic of 1873. In the hands of Bancroft Prize-winning historian Thomas G. Andrews, the gripping story of this animal plague becomes a revelatory history of American Reconstruction itself-its possibilities, limitations, and demise-while also illuminating the grave perils that novel viral variants pose to animals, humans, and the world we share.

The Soviet Afro-Asianists explores Soviet intellectual and cultural history through the prism of postcolonial connections. Julie Hessler focuses on a cohort of writers and artists, mostly non-Russians from the Caucasus and Central Asia, who played a central role in the Soviet Union's cultural outreach to postcolonial countries in Asia and Africa. Interspersing analysis of the creative work with stories of their lives, Hessler considers three key themes: travel and literary and artistic impressions; ideals, particularly those connected to friendship and socialist internationalism; and civic action through organizations for peace, Afro-Asian solidarity, and international friendship.

Born shortly before or after the Russian Revolution, these artists and intellectuals became involved in "Afro-Asian" organizations in the 1950s. They identified passionately with anti-imperialism and with the promise of socialism. Focusing on a particular dimension of the Thaw - the opening of Soviet culture to new influences from the postcolonial world - The Soviet Afro-Asianists traces their path across the second half of the Soviet period, ending with the challenges they faced during the perestroika years.

Freedomways (1961-1985) was one of the most influential Black magazines of the Cold War era, shaping debates on race, socialism, and global liberation. Yet the Black women whose intellectual labor sustained the magazine have remained largely obscured. This book reinterprets Freedomways as a Black feminist project that functioned not only as a publishing venue but as an intellectual home for Black women thinkers. Through editorial leadership, political essays, and cultural criticism, figures such as Esther Cooper Jackson, Shirley Graham Du Bois, and Jean Carey Bond advanced sustained analyses of capitalism, imperialism, gender oppression, and the global Black diaspora.

At its core, Lauren Eglen's book examines intellectual value, historical erasure, and shows how Black women's editorial authority and theoretical contributions were diminished. Despite their central role in shaping the magazine's vision, Black women were often eclipsed by male-centered narratives and by their proximity to prominent Black men. By centering their work, this book challenges conventional assumptions about where political theory is produced and who counts as an intellectual, and it expands Black intellectual history to include editorship, collaboration, and everyday experience. The Heart of the Collective reframes Black feminism through its socialist and internationalist commitments, where race, class, gender, and global politics are inseparable.

Refusenik's Son is an extraordinary story of family, courage, and betrayal during the Cold War. Against the broader political history of the period, Alex Goldfarb weaves his personal story as one of the players in an intricate cat-and-mouse game of deception and survival. Goldfarb's was a fraught world populated by KGB and CIA agents, informers and traitors, foreign correspondents and politicians, artists and dissidents, some of whom risked their lives.

Refusenik's Son begins in the early 1970s, when Goldfarb, a young science student from a privileged Jewish family in Moscow, joins the dissident movement. His circle includes writers, avant-garde artists, Western journalists, and Soviet scientists. Some are loyal to the system, others secretly dream of emigration. Eventually, Goldfarb receives permission to leave, but the authorities continue to deny an exit visa for his father, a prominent microbiologist. Decades later, through a former KGB officer, Goldfarb discovers the identities of informers among colleagues and friends in the details of the case against his father whom the KGB had wrongly suspected of passing secrets of the Soviet germ warfare program to the CIA. The revelation includes the haunting tale of an anonymous Soviet scientist who provided invaluable data to the CIA and was never unmasked or caught.

Ultimately, Goldfarb's father was released in a complex spy swap that required high-level negotiations and the personal involvement of Presidents Reagan and Gorbachev. The reunion of father and son in New York City closes a saga that marks a symbolic chapter at the end of the Cold War.

Everyone Asks What Will Happen to Us traces how Jews trapped in the Warsaw Ghetto wrestled with questions that had troubled them since the occupation began: when will the war end, and what will become of us?

In examining the production and spread of knowledge in the Warsaw Ghetto, Maria Ferenc returns the point of view of the victims to its rightful place. She reveals illusions, imagination, and the social reception of a constructed image of events taking place on the other side of the Ghetto walls.

Individually and together, ghetto inhabitants created a picture of the outside world shaped by access to information and meanings attributed to news from different places. Yet the true fate of those deported "to the East" defied comprehension for most ghetto inhabitants as they desperately navigated the space between information and rumors. In Everyone Asks What Will Happen to Us, Ferenc illuminates the victims' painstaking efforts to uncover the truth, as well as, paradoxically, their own resistance to the growing body of knowledge about the Holocaust.

Robert Gould Shaw (1837-1863) is best known as the heroic colonel who led the 54th Massachusetts Infantry-one of the first regiments of Black soldiers in the Civil War-in its famous ill-fated charge against Confederate Fort Wagner on July 18, 1863. Shaw's sacrifice has been commemorated in monuments, books, and the award-winning film Glory. But before he became a martyr for the Union cause and emancipation, Shaw was a privileged young man who showed little interest in the reform movements that defined his parents' lives or in the moral crisis over slavery that was tearing the nation apart. Volunteering to serve as a duty, he awakened gradually and fitfully to the demands of conscience and command. Only in death was Shaw transformed into the champion for freedom his abolitionist parents hoped he would be.

The first biography of Shaw in a quarter century, A Glorious Fate traces his transformation from a rebellious son into one of the Civil War's most celebrated heroes. Acclaimed historian Kevin M. Levin also reveals the sacrifice and service of the African American men who fought and died for their freedom afresh through Shaw's eyes. Though Shaw never fully reconciled his own racial prejudices, Levin shows how the Civil War changed the young colonel as it did the nation.

This book examines the enduring appeal of Odysseus in artistic representation from antiquity to the present. The volume aims to provide a sense of how this character changes from ancient Greek myth through modern poetry, and how this capacity for change both perpetuates the motif of a mutable and devious character while reflecting essential anxieties over what it means to be a person. Why Odysseus? demonstrates that Odysseus was already a figure of dynamic reception in Homer's Odyssey, then examines his varied uses in antiquity, his resurgence in the twentieth century, and his flexibility in modern reception. It concludes with the challenges of translating the character from one period to the next. Why Odysseus? explores how a uniquely indeterminate character becomes an important "shifting signifier" for reflecting different periods' and peoples' values on what it means to survive-and sometimes thrive-in a world that is definitively non-heroic.