歴史学 — 全 下位分類

Who still remembers Tito's Yugoslav Partisans? Once worshipped by some, now disparaged by others (or even by the very same), they remain largely unknown to the English-speaking public. This book enables readers to discover them through a meticulous reconstruction of their everyday life in the liberated territories. How did the Partisans stop interethnic violence? How did they foster the political participation of young people and women? What was the role of the Communist Party? What were the principles of the economy in the liberated territories? What were the Partisans' views on justice, revenge and forgiveness? These are just some of the questions the author seeks to answer. The book also goes further, however, showing what makes up a resistance or revolutionary movement in the extreme conditions of war-where everyone must prove themselves, or perish.

Reveals the untold story of over 6,000 women who ran for office between 1850-1920, expanding our understanding of women's fight for full political citizenship beyond suffrage

Her Hat Was in the Ring details the fascinating story of the thousands of women who ran for elective office in the United States between 1850 and 1920. Contrary to popular belief, women's right to vote and the right to hold elective office weren't always tied to one another. Whether women could become candidates, and for which offices, was determined by each state. For several decades after 1850, women ran for local and some state offices without themselves sometimes having the right to vote, motivated by the desire to advance women's rights and serve their communities as well as personal ambition.

Drawing on newspapers, state government reports, historical and biographical archives, and other resources, historians Wendy E. Chmielewski and Jill Norgren trace the legal, social, and cultural shifts across the country that made it possible for women to gain election to political office. This history is told through the stories of the trailblazing women candidates who ran in thousands of elective campaigns. Chmielewski and Norgren examine how these women were received in their communities, in male-dominated political parties and legislatures, and what administrative and policy contributions they made once elected.

This book expands our understanding of American women's demand for full citizenship, a struggle that included the successful battle for the right to elective office. At once comprehensive and deeply compelling, Her Hat Was in the Ring illuminates the revolutionary efforts of these candidates throughout this virtually unknown, yet fascinating chapter in American history.

Women, Violence and Twentieth Century Warfare explores the unspoken and hidden impact of war and violent conflict on women, focusing on the case study of Ireland within a broader framework of ethical remembrance.

The violence experienced in the decades after the Irish revolution (1919-23), up to the period encompassing the later "Troubles" in Northern Ireland (1968-98) left enduring social and psychological impacts on society, both in and outside of Ireland. Linda Connolly clearly and systematically synthesises these experiences into a narrative picture which incorporates in-depth research conducted across multiple sources and documents. The book explores the wider relationship between war, gender and violence in twentieth century conflicts, using examples such as forced hair taking, sexual violence, psychological trauma, and migration. Coming up to the end of the twentieth century, the volume sheds light not only on what happened to women during revolution, but also long after, as well as addressing questions around why women experienced violence in the way they did.

Bringing together ideas from feminist theories of war, women's history, and trauma-informed research, this book will be of interest to students and a scholars of Gender Studies and Irish Studies internationally.

Loot and the Making of British India unveils the intricate and often contentious role of military looting and prize practices in shaping British imperial expansion on the Indian subcontinent. From the eighteenth century onward, the British army developed a unique system that transformed plundered property into "booty" and redefined it as prize money, distributed under royal prerogative. This study explores how these practices incentivized soldiering, constrained unregulated plunder, and fueled tensions between officers, soldiers, and colonial authorities. Through detailed case studies, including the Banda and Kirwee affair, the book examines the legal, political, and social conflicts surrounding prize distribution, revealing how these disputes reflected broader struggles over imperial sovereignty and military discipline. By situating looting and prize within the broader context of empire building, the book offers fresh insights into the dynamics of colonial warfare, the professionalization of the British army, and the transformation of martial customs in India and beyond.

This groundbreaking work is essential for scholars and researchers interested in British imperial history, modern South Asian history, especially the colonial period, and military history.

This book presents case studies that analyse the diplomatic uses and functions of robes, furniture, weapons, tools, jewelry, paintings, sculptures, books, food, and other material objects in early modern inter-cultural diplomatic encounters in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific world.

Readers will gain insights into the material dimensions of early modern diplomacy and the cultural logics and diplomatic rationales of object use in a wide range of regional, political, and imperial contexts spanning the Habsburg Empire, France, Spain, the Ottoman Empire, British and French colonial North America, colonial Mexico, Hawaii, and the South Seas. Transcending the established topic of gift exchanges, the volume aims at an analysis of the overall material settings of early modern diplomatic encounters. With its clear temporal focus on the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the source-driven case studies on concrete objects and object groups open multiple paths into the complexities of the early modern era as a formative phase in the history of diplomacy.

The book is intended for historians of the early modern period, particularly diplomatic history, political history, art history, cultural history, religious history, and regional history. It is also relevant for scholars in the field of material culture studies, ethnography, and museology.

How policing has fundamentally shaped the Latinx experience.

The history of Latinx groups in the United States has been marked, from the beginning, by experiences of criminalization and violence at the hands of law enforcement. Marisol LeBron argues that policing has left an indelible mark on Latinx communities across the country and has come to shape our understanding of what it means to be Latinx.

Spanning the nineteenth century to the present, Policed examines how policing became a key component in the formation of Latinx identity and political consciousness, and still lies at the heart of many pressing issues confronting Latinx communities today, including immigration, employment, health, and housing. More than simply telling a story of police brutality and harassment, LeBron powerfully shows that Latinx people have continually resisted state violence and worked to build a more liberated future.

The Brothel and Beyond deepens our understanding of women's engagement in urban life through a close study of Venice's sex trade. Centering questions of gender, agency, and mobility, it reveals how sex workers were embedded in the social and spatial fabric of the city.

From the fourteenth through the seventeenth centuries, the Venetian government attempted to control commercial sex by segregating it in municipal brothels in Rialto and later by minimizing the public's contact with sex workers, limiting their profits, and cracking down on recruitment. These decentralized efforts proved ineffective, and women who performed this labor lived and worked throughout the city. This book traces the diffusion of sex work from the brothels to the alleys, gondola landings, taverns, bathhouses, and peripheral squares of Venice. Saundra Weddle uses legislation, criminal records, contemporary chronicles, and other archival sources to reconstruct the networks of sex workers, procuresses, clients, landlords, and others who facilitated or profited from their labor. Using maps and photographs of key sites, Weddle demonstrates how the built environment both constrained and enabled women's practices, offering an alternative urban history that foregrounds embodied experiences and vernacular spaces.

By assigning new meanings to everyday locations and spatial conditions, this study challenges monument- and elite-centered narratives of Venice and redefines the place of women within its urban history. It will be of interest to scholars of architectural and urban history, women and gender studies, early modern social history, and Italian studies.

Throughout the 1960s-from the War on Poverty to the 1968 Poor People's Campaign-Americans fiercely debated what the persistence of poverty meant for the United States. Picturing the Poor examines an array of rarely seen social documentary photographs to show that debates over poverty were also debates over the right ways of seeing, feeling, and knowing.

When the public "rediscovered" poverty in the late 1950s and 1960s, photography played a crucial role in shaping how the problem was imagined. This book traces how social actors, including the Lyndon B. Johnson administration, the magazine Look, and grassroots activists, used images to influence public perception. Katharina Fackler argues that social documentary photography was revitalized, remodeled, and contested in the process. As Cold War geopolitics and the Civil Rights Movement reshaped ideas of democracy, photographs raised urgent questions: Who could portray poverty? Whose suffering would be visible? And to whose sensibilities should such images appeal?

By analyzing photographs within their social and sensory contexts, Picturing the Poor reveals how images mediated the politics of poverty, navigating racialized, gendered, and classed habits of feeling while making ambivalent interventions in debates over social justice. This book will fascinate scholars, students, and general readers interested in the 1960s, visual culture, and the intertwined histories of poverty, politics, and social change.

Roman Corinth provides an exceptionally rich setting for understanding early Christianity in an urban context. This handbook reconstructs the city of Corinth and the surrounding area from its Roman refoundation in 44 BCE to the fourth century CE as a dynamic environment shaped by diverse religious practices, social structures, material culture, and transregional exchange.
Drawing on approaches such as identity formation, conflict theory, network analysis, and the study of religion in urban contexts, the volume develops an integrative framework that methodologically brings together New Testament exegesis, ancient history, archaeology, documentary evidence, and the history of religion within a systematic and accessible structure.
First, it maps the literary, material, spatial, and historical contours of Roman Corinth. Then, it examines the local history of Christianity in relation to domestic and public spaces, education, spectacles, burials, trade, ethnicity, social stratification, and religious pluralism. Consequently, Corinthian Christ groups emerge not as isolated enclaves, but as deeply entangled participants in the life of the city.
Corinth proves to be a highly revealing urban laboratory for studying early Christianity, where theological reflection, religious experience, social practice, and interaction with Jewish, pagan, and imperial contexts develop in constant exchange. By combining reliable orientation with new research, including previously unpublished archaeological and historical material, the handbook offers a comprehensive introduction and makes a significant contribution to scholarship.

How the geopolitical behavior of states is closely related to the nature of their political systems

Today's world is characterized by an unstable coexistence of empires, nation-states, and democracies. In this book, Gerard Roland examines these three fundamentally different institutional systems and considers whether the international behavior of nations is influenced by the nature of their political regimes. He explains that until the nineteenth century, international relations were driven by rivalries among competing empires; as empires started to disintegrate, they were replaced by nation-states, some of which became democracies. The nation-state project supported by today's extreme right promotes ethnic homogeneity within a country's borders, while democracies are based on universal values of citizenship. Interactions between countries with such essentially different political systems, Roland shows, are seldom harmonious and likely to evolve into cultural clashes and military conflict.

Drawing on his expertise in political and comparative economics, Roland analyzes why and how countries' geopolitical behavior-their actions and attitudes regarding war, peace, expansionism, and trade-is closely linked to their political systems. In the long run, he argues, the ethnically homogenous nation-state is doomed because of the strong economic inefficiencies entailed by economic nationalism and the lack of openness to immigration, trade, and foreign direct investment. A better path for the future of the international order, Roland suggests, would be a world of small democracies building supranational institutions on the basis of commonly accepted rules.

How British intellectuals of the twentieth century reckoned with the emergence of an Asian power

Most historians of nineteenth and twentieth century Europe point to the persistence of racialised and hierarchical views of non-Europeans as "uncivilised." Yet these accounts overlook the profound intellectual impact of what contemporaries called the "awakening of Asia." In Rival Civilisations, Chika Tonooka shows how the rise of Japan after 1905 compelled British intellectuals to rethink fundamental questions about world order and human difference. Juxtaposing Japanese and British sources, Tonooka offers an innovative history of British Eurocentrism-its ebbs and flows and emergent pluralist alternatives-through the lens of British debates on Japan.

Tonooka describes how British intellectuals and commentators grappled with such issues as whether civilisation was singular or plural; whether the civilising mission in Asia might be more successfully undertaken as the "yellow man's burden"; whether non-Christians could be moral; and whether a world converging along Western lines was likely and even desirable. Even at the Empire's peak, British thinkers began to grasp that Britain could no longer take its civilisational preeminence for granted. But Tonooka also considers what these debates on Japan missed, arguing that British civilisational discourse consistently overlooked what she demonstrates to be the paradoxical nature of global modernity. As a result, these British blind spots repeatedly foreclosed anticipations of critical world political challenges that lay ahead. Her original and rigorous analysis will enable readers to identify analogous blind spots over the rise of China and its consequences for the global order.

The story of a single nuclear bomb's deep origins, brief life during the Cold War, and lasting environmental and political legacies-as a fresh path to consider the entire sweep of the American nuclear enterprise. A grave reminder of the frightening truth about nuclear testing, as international norms waver.

As the US and Russia let one treaty after another falter and expire, this urgent book reminds us of the price of those tests. Frenchman Flat recounts the science, politics, and human experience of those who developed nuclear weapons, suffered the consequences, and fought for and against arms control between the 1940s and 1990s. The throughline of this vast, complex story is a 37-kiloton atomic bomb dubbed "Priscilla" that was exploded above a custom-built mini-civilization at Frenchman Flat, Nevada, in 1957. Jon Else uses Priscilla and the bombs that preceded and followed to highlight the terrifying ways we have stockpiled and tested nuclear weapons, how near and often we came to self-annihilation, how we managed to avoid it, and what we did to the planet and to our own bodies in the process, from wartime Los Alamos to the suspension of US and Soviet nuclear testing in 1992.

In the two decades after Hiroshima, a pair of dramatic stories unfolded alongside each other: the scramble to produce ever more powerful nuclear weapons, and the struggle to ban testing of those same weapons. The dramatic narrative takes in the physics of the megaton postwar bombs, the role of private industry, the near misses of the Cuban Missile Crisis and less well-known events, and the testimony of scientists, politicians, doctors, weapons developers, test-site workers, ranchers, and families downwind of test sites.

This powerful and persuasive book reminds us how we have-so far-prevented nuclear war by deterrence, diplomacy, and luck. It is for the moment a success story, and a warning.

Rus' and Mongol Rule presents the fullest examination in English to date of the economic and social history of Rus' from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries and the impact of Mongol rule. Lawrence N. Langer shows how the Mongols were a double-edged sword, encouraging trade while imposing a harsh tribute in silver, furs, and people. Among the topics examined are the Black Death, the demographic crisis and shortage of labor, taxation and administration, patterns of warfare, the growth of monasteries, the peasantry, and slavery.

Rus' and Mongol Rule begins with the Mongol conquest of Rus in 1237-1241 and ends with the death of Grand Prince Vasilli II and the ascension of his son, Ivan III "the Great" in 1462. Langer shows how the Rus' responded to the tribute by fashioning an administrative and taxation system that drew upon Mongol practice and Rus' tradition. Despite not attacking Novgorod, the Mongols had an enormous impact as the city reformed its administration to meet the demands of their tribute. Simultaneously the city was able to solidify its rights vis-a-vis the grand princes of Vladimir.

Langer gives particular attention to Novgorod and its administration. He also discusses Pskov, which often receives little scholarly attention. In concluding he discusses how the governmental apparatus of Rus evolved to include elements from the Mongols but also administrative practices not unlike those found in the medieval West as well as those traditions derived from Kyivan Rus.

How ideas of parliamentary reform aiming to restore the spirit of the constitution defined political debate at a pivotal moment in British history

Eighteenth-century Britain was ruled by landed Protestant gentlemen who were united in their embrace of the country's constitution, common law, and system of rights that had been confirmed by milestones such as Magna Carta in 1215, the Petition of Right in 1628, and the Glorious Revolution in 1688. Yet the British elite and the public at large were divided on fundamental political questions, such as how the constitution should work in practice and what reforms, if any, were needed to make reality cohere with theory.

In this panoramic book, Max Skjoensberg provides the most comprehensive study to date of the history of parliamentary reform in Britain from the seventeenth century to the First Reform Act in 1832. At the heart of the book is the idea of the spirit of the British constitution, which was invoked by widely different political actors and thinkers throughout this period to argue for an array of reforms for the security of liberty. What this precisely entailed was deeply contested, with key figures such as Bolingbroke, Edmund Burke, Catharine Macaulay, William Pitt the Younger, and William Cobbett interpreting the spirit of the constitution in diverse ways, all the while seeking to remain within a constitutional framework.

A landmark account of the English political and constitutional tradition, The Spirit of the British Constitution challenges us to rethink eighteenth-century history as well as the relationship between tradition, history, and freedom.

Today's Supreme Court justices bristle at the label "politicians in robes," insisting that they operate above the fray of partisan politics. But for the first century of the nation's history, the Court was unmistakably a political institution, both by design and in practice. Justices were fully expected to engage in partisan politics-there was no concern that such engagement would lead to corruption or undue bias-and they remained deeply involved in civic debate and the electoral process while on the bench. In addition to hearing cases in the capital, each justice spent much of his time "riding circuit" and presiding over federal trial courts. On circuit and in Washington, nineteenth-century justices wrote for partisan newspapers, drafted legislation, advised partisan allies, campaigned for colleagues, and even ran for political offices from the bench. Through these political interactions, members of the Court helped shape debates about the Constitution's meaning at a time when most Americans did not believe in judicial supremacy.

In this sweeping history, Rachel A. Shelden, one of America's leading voices on the history of the Court, brings readers inside the social and political world of its justices, recovering their essential role in the era's turbulent politics. She also charts shifts at the turn of the twentieth century, when members of the Court and the legal community refashioned the judiciary as an apolitical institution, setting the stage for an increasingly more powerful-and more isolated-modern Court. The Political Supreme Court is required reading for anyone interested in the legal and political underpinnings of today's judicial power.

The Paramilitary Turn examines how American law enforcement became a central actor in national security during the twentieth century, reshaping the boundaries between civilian and military power. Tracing the rise of paramilitary policing from the Progressive Era through the Cold War reveals how police institutions and the professionals who led them adopted military structures, tactics, and strategic thinking, while maintaining their civilian identity. This transformation created a security apparatus that operated through familiar civic institutions rather than direct military rule.

Drawing on archival records from police departments, federal agencies, intelligence organizations, and international police programs, Ryan T. Reynolds describes how policymakers relied on civilian police forces to manage unrest, gather intelligence, advise foreign governments, and project American influence abroad. These efforts linked domestic policing to overseas internal security and counterinsurgency campaigns, integrating law enforcement into the broader national security apparatus. Police agencies and the experts who led them became part of a broad network that included private foundations, universities, municipal departments, state and federal agencies, and organizations like the International Association of Chiefs of Police.

By placing police within the analytical framework of military history, The Paramilitary Turn bridges operational history with war and society, reframes civil-military relations, and broadens the study of grand strategy to include law enforcement. Further, it challenges the assumption that coercive power in a democracy flows only through the armed forces, arguing that the foundations of a distinctly American form of a garrison state emerged through civilian institutions that performed military functions.

The rise and fall of the Voting Rights Act, from the triumph of its passage in 1965 to its evisceration by the Supreme Court in their 2013 decision in Shelby County v. Holder

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 finally made good on the promise of the Fifteenth Amendment, which nearly a century before had granted Black Americans the right to vote. The Voting Rights Act was the crowning achievement of the Civil Rights Movement, which had battled for years against voting laws that made it all but impossible for Black Americans to cast a ballot. The act was a resounding success, bringing Americans of all races and ethnicities into the democratic process. And then, in 2013, the Supreme Court brought this progress to a screeching halt with their decision in Shelby County v. Holder. In this book, Michael Miller and Kevin Morris offer a sweeping history of the Voting Rights Act and the attacks it has suffered.

Miller and Morris explain that central to the act's success was its requirement that states and localities with a history of discrimination get federal permission to change their voting rules-a novel approach known as "preclearance." It was this requirement that the Shelby County decision eviscerated. Miller and Morris trace the devastating effect of Shelby County, using advanced research techniques to prove that the decision unleashed racially discriminatory voting policies. The result is a nation in which Americans of color cast fewer ballots, and in which the ballots they do cast count for less. But the story does not end there: the Supreme Court continues to undermine what remains of the Voting Rights Act. What President Lyndon B. Johnson called "an American problem," formerly kept in check by a strong federal law, once again threatens voting rights.