都市・住宅問題 — 全 下位分類

Bringing together perspectives from the Global North and South, contributors explore how migrants, from marginalized newcomers to highly skilled professionals, reshape neighborhoods, labor markets, institutions, and political life. They also examine the impact of the history and structure of cities on how migrants settle, access opportunities, and experience belonging or exclusion. Chapters address topics from housing and work to culture, governance, and climate mobility. The Handbook emphasizes that cities are not neutral backdrops but dynamic socio-spatial arenas where rights, resources, and inequalities are organized and contested.

The Handbook on Migration and Cities is a vital resource for scholars and students of human geography, sociology, migration, and urban studies, especially those seeking a comprehensive overview of the migration-city nexus. Practitioners and policy makers working on immigrant integration and urban migration governance will also find great value in its comparative insights.

This timely book problematises growing structural housing unaffordability and the lack of affordable housing across the advanced economic world. It offers both a historically and geographically sensitive critique of why we face these issues and why we struggle to adequately respond. In addition, it offers in the last chapter informed speculation towards addressing this crisis collectively, equitably and longitudinally.

Utilising a 'Critical-Relational Political Economy' approach, the unaffordability dilemma is linked to converging patterns of cumulative neoliberalising and globalising developments during intense capitalist expansion from the 1970s onwards. Housing unaffordability is not explained by regulatory and planning failures but by a growth model transformation under de-industrialisation, away from labour-inclusive capitalism to city-centric, private landed property-directed political economies. Whereas residential accumulation is characterised by inflationary tendencies, households' capacity to pay for housing largely follows deflationary dynamics. The consequence is politically stimulated, institutionally mediated and structurally variegated housing-labour decoupling on now-epic proportions.

This book will be essential reading for informed audiences interested in housing, spatial planning, economic development and political economies, as well as questions of social, spatial and intergenerational justice. Besides researchers, policymakers and advocates, it will be postgraduate and undergraduate students who will benefit the most from compelling crisis (re)framing and original rethinking of affordable futures for people and places.

The chapters illustrate how older people negotiate urban change, highlighting inequalities which can limit access to the benefits of urban neighbourhoods, and demonstrate how individuals employ strategies of resistance to overcome challenges. The book makes the case for a new generation of community studies focusing on the impact of changing lifestyles at local as well as at societal levels.

Rethinking Community is a vital resource for scholars and students in the social sciences and related disciplines, including sociology, social gerontology, geography, social anthropology and urban studies. Professionals in urban planning and architecture alongside voluntary and third sector workers in social policy and social work will also benefit from its many practical insights.

Transitory Urbanism explores how cities are continuously formed and reformed through movement, negotiation, and uncertainty. Rather than viewing transience as an anomaly, it positions instability, mobility, and variation as fundamental to urban life, forces that actively shape cities rather than disrupt them.

The volume explores temporary architectures, mobile infrastructures, and adaptive practices that emerge in response to regeneration, environmental pressures, migration, and precarity. It pays particular attention to small, short-lived interventions, improvised shelters, shifting spatial uses, and informal forms of organisation that can evolve into more enduring transformations.

Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives, the publication brings together theoretical insights and grounded accounts spanning colonial infrastructures, peripheral regions, refugee settlements, informal housing, and post-disaster contexts. Across these settings, communities adapt, reorganise, and persist despite conditions of inequality and insecurity.

Contributions from architecture, urban studies, anthropology, sociology, politics, and the arts combine conceptual reflection with close attention to places where urban space is actively contested and negotiated. The book further engages themes of inherited systems, diasporic and maritime urbanisms, and everyday strategies for navigating displacement, redevelopment, and environmental change.

Focusing on informal networks, collective organisation, and small-scale practices that sustain urban life, Transitory Urbanism offers a nuanced lens on cities shaped by time, movement, and continual adjustment. It will be of interest to architects, city planners, urban designers, economists, students, and politicians, as well as anyone interested in the current social, cultural, and political issues on a global scale

This book shows how a cultural landscape perspective on suburban situations can improve quality of life for residents and provide positive impacts on long-term resiliency and sustainability. One of today's primary challenges for environmental planning and landscape architecture is accommodating competing land usage while providing the experience of a cultural landscape, i.e., a positive place connectiveness for people. This book develops new links between cultural landscape studies and the suburban planning discussion, showing how evolving cultural identities may have an impact on the sense of place. The book uses exemplary case studies from Europe and the US to present and compare underlying cultural narratives, focusing on the impact of these narratives of land use planning and design approaches on cultural landscapes within the suburban context. It will be of interest to students, researchers, and practitioners in Cultural Studies, Landscape Studies, Urbanism, Environmental, Urban and Regional Planning, and Landscape Architecture.

Beyond Smart Housing: Bridging Culture, Technology, and Community introduces a holistic understanding of smart living that values both efficiency and empathy, repositioning the idea of smart housing within a human-centered, culturally grounded, and socially aware framework.

In recent decades, the notion of "smart housing" has evolved into a dominant paradigm within architecture, planning, and urban innovation. Yet, much of this discourse remains narrowly focused on technological efficiency, automation, and energy optimization. This book challenges this limited view by exploring the deeper layers of what it truly means for a home, and by extension, a community, to be "smart." It argues that genuine intelligence in housing cannot be reduced to devices, data, or digital connectivity alone, but must also encompass cultural meaning, social interaction, and emotional attachment. The book unfolds in three analytical layers: 1. The House: as an individual unit of living, exploring its psychological, spatial, and sensory meanings; 2. The Home: as a lived and emotional space, shaped by identity, memory, and self-expression; 3. Housing and Neighborhood: as collective systems of life, where cultural intelligence and everyday practices sustain social cohesion. The book draws inspiration from real-world examples including the Dutch woonerf and field observations from Bojnord, Iran, to show how the idea of "everyday intelligence" already exists within lived social patterns. These cases illustrate that true smartness may arise not only from technology but from community behavior, shared awareness, and mutual care.

This book invites scholars and students, urban policymakers, designers, architects, and anyone who has ever wondered what makes a home and neighborhood truly smart to rethink the smart home as a living, learning environment: one that cultivates resilience, inclusivity, and emotional well-being.

The Routledge Companion to Urban Planning challenges the conventional boundaries of urban planning, urging the field to embrace the complexities and ambiguities of the urban experience. It contends that urban planning must move beyond binary classifications-such as city/country or society/nature-and instead renew itself through language, theory, policy, and practices that engage with mixed forms, overlapping functions, and ethical concerns that lie in the in-between.

Urban planning, as a discipline, is inherently dialectical, simultaneously producing and undermining classifications that shape how we understand, navigate, and transform the world. Yet, within this tension lies a latent spectrum of alternatives. This volume takes this spectrum as its starting point, assembling 32 contributions from scholars and practitioners across the global North and South to critically interrogate and rework the epistemological foundations of planning. Through diverse empirical and theoretical contexts, the chapters explore how mixed forms, overlapping functions, and substantive questions unsettle conventional approaches to governance and intervention. Contributors examine the origins, contestations, and exclusions embedded in urban planning's classifications, probing their limits and omissions. In doing so, the volume repositions planning as a field that must engage ambiguity, rethink its classificatory logics, and cultivate more adaptive, inclusive, and context-sensitive practices for the worlds between.

This companion will interest scholars and professionals in the areas of Urban Studies, Urban Planning, Governance, Policy Studies, Social Theory, Territorial Management, and Sustainable Development.

The Dialogues in Urban and Regional Planning series offers selected contributions from scholars in urban and regional planning from around the world with internationally recognised authors taking up pressing issues from theory, education for, and practice of planning.

This 8th volume features contributions on the theme, Dialogues in Planning for Climate Change: Enduring Challenges and Transformative Pathways, and explores how spatial planning can support adaptation measures to build resilience, mitigate impacts on communities, and improve climate change education for future practitioners. Chapters critically examine the dilemmas faced by societies, such as the trade-offs between reducing greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation) and adaptation efforts, as well as the disproportionate effects of climate change on disadvantaged communities. Practice-based case studies provide illustrative examples of these challenges, highlighting the uneven engagement of planners with climate change and the context-dependent nature of planning. For instance, the stark threats to human settlements differ significantly between regions like Northern Europe and Australia, yet there are opportunities for cross-regional learning. Issues such as climate-induced droughts and fires affect areas like the Southwest USA, Australia, and Southern Europe, while sea level rise impacts coastal cities worldwide.

The volume is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate studies in urban and regional planning, political studies, governance, urban development, and human geography.

The Dialogues in Urban and Regional Planning (DURP) series is published in association with the Global Planning Education Association Network (GPEAN) and its national and transnational planning schools' associations members.

This book offers a theoretically informed exploration of the political, cultural, and ecological significance of urban greenery in post-socialist cities. It traces how plants mediate among memory, infrastructure, and regimes of power across diverse historical and geographical contexts.

The book develops a vocabulary for understanding plants as actors, symbols, archives, and processes within urban transformation. It does so through case studies ranging from Polish housing estates, Nowa Huta, the Upper Silesian brownfields, Elblag, Szczecin, Warsaw, Vilnius, and Belgrade to Indian urban imaginaries and Chornobyl's gardens. Drawing on environmental humanities, urban studies, critical plant studies, political ecology, plant blindness, post-political theory, and more-than-human approaches, the book shows how vegetal life participates in memory, governance, conflict, decay, and everyday urban experience.

This book will appeal to scholars and advanced students in urban studies, cultural studies, environmental humanities, anthropology, and human geography, as well as to readers interested in post-socialist transformations, urban ecology, and more-than-human approaches to the city.

This book explores how public spaces-such as streets, squares, parks, and shared urban environments-are designed and experienced and why they remain a vital but often overlooked part of urban design. Although the idea of the public realm has been central to cities for decades, there is still no clear or widely shared understanding of what it means or how it should be shaped in practice. Many of the key theories that continue to influence the field were developed between the 1960s and 1980s and no longer fully reflect today's social, environmental, and technological realities.

Cities are now changing rapidly due to factors such as climate change, digital technologies, migration, and increasing cultural diversity. These shifts are transforming how public spaces are planned, governed, and used, while also raising urgent questions about inclusion, resilience, and social justice. In response, this collection brings together new ideas, research, and practical approaches from a range of international contexts. The contributors examine innovative design strategies, the impact of crises on urban life, and new forms of social and institutional interaction, presenting the public realm as a dynamic, contested, and constantly evolving part of contemporary cities.

This book addresses broad subject areas including urban design and planning, architecture, geography, sociology, environmental studies, and public policy. It is essential reading for academics, researchers, and postgraduate students in these fields as well as urban planners, architects, policymakers, and practitioners engaged in shaping inclusive, resilient, and sustainable cities for the future.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability.

Focusing on Hong Kong's Tenants Purchase Scheme, this book examines the implications of transforming public tenants into homeowners, particularly in terms of creating properties that are marketable, financeable, and conducive to upward mobility.

It argues that the hidden value embedded in public housing stems from security, predictable charges, and access to public services. However, the privatisation of housing does not always translate seamlessly into market dynamics-whether owners can sell their homes depends on factors such as resale regulations, valuation practices, mortgage accessibility, and eligibility criteria. Combining theory, institutional analysis, and original empirical evidence, the book explains why Hong Kong's resale market for privatised public housing has remained thin and difficult to access. The argument is further enriched through comparative analysis with the United Kingdom's Right to Buy programme and Singapore's Housing and Development Board resale system. Spanning decades of housing reform, the book explores how governments can promote homeownership while preserving mobility and public value, offering a valuable resource for advancing housing policy.

This book will appeal to scholars and policymakers working in housing policy, public administration, and real estate economics.

This book offers a critical rethinking of digital urban transformation through a planning centered lens. It moves beyond technocentric views to examine how intelligent technologies shape governance, decision-making, and sustainability outcomes. The book explores key areas including housing, mobility, water management, environmental resilience, and digital civic engagement, showing that technology is deeply embedded in institutional and social contexts. It highlights how data driven systems introduce new opportunities for coordination while raising challenges related to ethics, bias, and accountability. By linking digital innovation to planning theory and governance, this book provides a clear framework for understanding how cities can achieve more inclusive and resilient futures.

This book explores how urban spaces and imagery serve as vessels for artistic creation, conveying cultural identity and heritage, by focusing on Macau as a case study. The book examines the role of city imagery in the contexts of World Heritage and intangible cultural heritage, and its transformation into artistic expression. Through field research, artist interviews, and detailed case studies, the book presents the creative processes of 22 artists, revealing how the "mountain-sea-city" imagery is translated into diverse artistic languages and media. By tracing Macau's historical development, spatial patterns, landscape characteristics, and folk traditions, the text demonstrates how urban imagery functions as a multi-layered symbol connecting natural environments, historical sites, and cultural practices. This volume highlights the significance of artistic interpretation in shaping cultural identity, preserving heritage, and fostering urban memory. It also provides theoretical and methodological insights into how art and design can operate as interdisciplinary tools for reinterpreting and re-presenting cultural heritage in contemporary contexts. It is relevant to researchers, graduate students, artists, and cultural policymakers, offering a unique perspective on the intersection of art, urban space, and heritage, and serves as a practical reference for understanding cross-cultural artistic practice and the narration of urban memory.

This book explores the transformations required for urban regeneration to become a true driver of urban transition-one capable of moving us beyond the traditional sustainability paradigm while ensuring that no one is left behind. For that, it examines how the ecological and just transition is being implemented through regeneration policies and instruments across a diverse range of European countries.

The authors begin by offering a comprehensive discussion of urban regeneration as a pathway for achieving an ecological and just transition in Europe. They then analyze how EU and national policies shape the evolving frameworks of urban regeneration policy and governance. Finally, the book investigates the role of local governments in advancing transformative regeneration processes.

Focusing on Milan, Barcelona, and the Ruhr area, this book reveals how three leading European city-regions are reshaping the relationship between planning, agriculture, and sustainability. Bringing together fieldwork, interviews, and comparative analysis, it highlights the often-overlooked power of peri-urban agriculture and the complex dynamics that underpin truly local food systems. Farmland preservation emerges as only one piece of a much larger puzzle-one that spans governance, policy design, farm business models, land tenure, biodiversity, and resource management.

Through vivid case studies, the book uncovers the tools, strategies, and actors driving innovation on the ground, as well as the structural obstacles that still stand in the way. The result is a compelling call for a more integrated, multi-scalar approach to planning-one capable of supporting resilient local food systems and sustainable peri-urban landscapes.

This book discusses the origins and evolution of the U.S. Numbered Highway System. In 1926, a nationwide automobile highway network was created for the United States. For the first time, a set of numbered roads would span the country, ensuring that any driver could find their way beyond their own town or county by following a number. This U.S. Numbered Highway System, of which the former U.S. 66 (the 'Route 66' of song and television fame) is the best known, included a geographic logic behind its route numbering system that has become embedded in countless other networks. A hundred years after its creation, this book investigates the geographical origins of the U.S. Numbered Highway System, how it evolved within a rapidly changing country, and the ways in which it helped shape the changing geography of the United States.

Urbanization is expanding at rapid rates worldwide. This growth depletes resources, destroys habitats, and negatively affects mental health by distancing people from nature. On the other hand, per-capita resource and space consumption decreases significantly in cities compared to suburban and rural forms of life. By concentrating people into dense settlements, cities render resource usage more efficiently and they free up spaces for other species and natural processes. Yet these apparent ecological benefits risk coming at the cost of human alienation from the rest of the natural world. This tension raises a fundamental philosophical question: Must the city stand in opposition to nature? Or can it be reimagined as a shared habitat in which human and other forms of life co-inhabit and co-produce the world? How can it become a city for all, including other species?

The book surveys emerging ways of conceptualizing the relationship between the urban, the natural, and the wild. It explores different models through which cities and nature might coexist, reflects on why the concept of "nature" remains philosophically meaningful despite its contested history. Although the city is nature in a trivial ontological sense-insofar as everything is, in some way, nature-ordinary language often treats the city as an entity or space opposed to nature. The book explores avant-garde approaches in urbanism and architecture that seek to conceive of and then build cities that are in various ways reconciled to nature. It analyzes possible issues of justice and aesthetics, as well as efforts to integrate the wild into the civic sphere of the city.

Wildness, Justice, and Aesthetics: Imaginaries of Future Urban Natures will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in environmental philosophy and environmental humanities, political philosophy, environmental ethics and aesthetics, philosophy of the city, urban ecology, and animal ethics.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license. Published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation.

A new "bulldozer politics" has taken hold in many Indian cities, destroying neighborhoods and displacing city residents as it pursues a global city aesthetic. Presentist accounts might explain these evictions as emergent modes of capital accumulation, but Logics of Dispossession challenges that story and situates these acts in a longer historical duree.

Employing a comparative genealogical approach to historical analysis, Liza Weinstein traces the Indian government's power to evict-from its beginnings in the colonial capitals of the British Raj, to developmental state-building projects and the rise of ethnonationalist politics, up to the present neoliberal conjuncture. Drawing on multicity fieldwork, archival research, and a database of more than a thousand eviction cases, Weinstein argues that evictions constitute a historically entrenched tool of city governance, motivated by a shifting set of intersecting, often contradictory logics that have accumulated over time and in locally specific ways across Indian cities aspiring to be world-class.

Street Noise offers a series of historical and cultural reflections and observations about York City. It presents innovative insights into many day-to-day aspects of New York City that have been ignored or forgotten. Street Noise is a unique mixture of urban studies and cultural theory.

Through a blend of provocative and evocative musings about New York City, the book provides both the sophisticated reader and the casual "tourist" with themes, issues, and topics often overlooked or not adequately considered. It explores interesting destinations not typically on a tourist's "to-do list," and offers a serious and rigorous analysis of important sites and characteristics that make New York New York. A wide range of topics is discussed in a series of short notes in this book, from the origins of Ray's Pizza to the social dynamics of cell phone users. This hybrid text is both a cultural critique and an ode to the city, offering readers a unique perspective on one of the world's most dynamic urban landscapes.

Street Noise will appeal to graduate and undergraduate students interested in cultural and social theory, urban studies, architecture, urban design, and history. Yet it is a book that is readily accessible to both the tourist and the general reader interested in New York City. It would also be a perfect memento and gift.

These foreboding times are producing an understandable sense of urgency and a desire to envision and enact alternative systems as soon as possible. This book is written for readers who wish not just to understand the roots of our current political and environmental dilemmas, but also for those seeking a new path toward reconciling humans and the planet.

High-energy cities have been normalized across the world and touted as the ultimate home of humans. We've all heard the claims that dense cities with their shared infrastructure and public transportation are one of the key solutions to the climate crisis. But what if cities are not just part of the problem, but are making things worse? What if these arguments for cities are obscuring real problems-and real solutions? Stephanie Pincetl presents a counterhegemonic argument about cities and development. Pincetl explains how the intrinsic energy needs of cities cannot be sustained in a post-hydrocarbon future without continuing the unequal extraction of resources and the continued de-development of non-Western, non-affluent countries. Instead, the book seeks to convince readers that relying on urbanization as a solution to climate change will only continue the extraction of enormous amounts of resources while impoverishing, polluting, and exterminating entire ways of life and obscuring the possibility that an alternative path is both necessary and possible.

Taking an interdisciplinary approach and drawing on decades of the author's scholarly and personal experience working on environmental policy and governance, this innovative volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of urban studies, sustainability, energy transitions, political ecology, and science studies.

This book explores the constitutional evolution of Hong Kong and Macau as Beijing asserts "comprehensive jurisdiction" over both Special Administrative Regions, compelling them to align with the national agenda of security, patriotic education, and Mainland integration.

The book delivers a comparative study of Hong Kong alongside its "younger sibling" Macau - just 3% of its land size and 38 miles away - where, unlike their Hong Kong counterparts, Macau's residents have been politically quiescent and street protests remain rare. It examines Hong Kong's notable judicial autonomy, particularly in advancing gay rights, and the dramatic expansion of national security laws in both cities, with enforcement concentrated in Hong Kong. Readers gain critical insights into the differing levels of political quiescence and judicial independence between the two territories, as Beijing reshapes them under a unified framework of central control.

China's "Autonomous" Cities is essential reading for students and scholars of Chinese politics, comparative constitutional law, and East Asian studies, as well as policymakers and analysts focused on Hong Kong, Macau, and China's governance strategies.

In an age of increased polarization and fragmentation, improving the prospects for sharing neighborhoods matters more than ever. Focusing on urban design and planning at the neighborhood scale, this collaborative work explores "signals of inclusion," the sensory gestures, actions, and spatial elements that convey welcome and belonging in shared urban environments. The book reveals how signals of inclusion operate through multiple sensory mechanisms and processes, and how these can counteract exclusionary or hostile urban design practices and policies. The chapters in Part 1 explore a range of inclusive signals in case studies from around the world, including cities in Colombia, Italy, the U.K., U.S., China, Israel, and Canada, offering a contextual presentation of a place, clarifying each author's approach to the term signals of inclusion, and identifying how this idea is manifest in the neighborhood. Part 2 draws on the case studies to broaden the concept of signals of inclusion beyond specific locations and presents a toolkit for action in implementing an inclusive design agenda. Illustrated with over 100 color images, this book will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of urban design, urban planning, community development, and human geography, as well as planners, policymakers, and urban design professionals seeking to create more inclusive neighborhoods.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license.

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.

Songdo, South Korea, is one of the earliest and most ambitious smart city projects. Mythical narratives have painted it as a promised land of the future where the problems and struggles of the present have been efficiently transcended-or concealed-by technology. In City in a Future Tense, Chamee Yang interrogates these myths and traces Songdo's story to show how it emerged out of a complex interplay of governmental rationality, cultural aspirations, and collective anxiety about the future. Drawing on Korea's developmental past and relentless drive toward a technological future, visions of freedom, security, and connectivity converged with new techniques of governance to shape a distinctive urban form. By challenging the reduction of the smart city to a mere government policy, stage of capitalism, or ready-made solution to urban problems, Yang offers a new way of understanding the smart city as the contingent outcome of multiple, competing futures-a reality that is still pending.

This volume revisits contemporary cultural and artistic imaginaries of African cities through a focus on their manifold connections with rural hinterlands. Tracing the multidimensional movements and flows between six African cities-Nairobi, Accra, Kampala, Pretoria/Tshwane, Johannesburg, and Lagos-and their respective hinterlands, the book maps similarities between contemporary city-hinterland interactions across the continent.

The book brings together contributions by scholars from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, including literary studies, urban sociology, media studies, medical anthropology, cultural studies, visual arts, and ethnomusicology. It conceives of the relationship between the urban and the hinterland as non-dichotomous and makes an argument for the complex entanglements between African rural and urban cultural imaginaries. It also engages the historical specificities and complex afterlives of different colonial contexts that shape contemporary renegotiations of the rural-urban nexus. Here, the hinterland is offered as a concept with diverse uses and appropriations across a range of African cultural forms, from screen media and poetry to music, visual arts, and everyday cultural practices.

This interdisciplinary collection will be of interest to postgraduate students, researchers, and academics in African studies, urban sociology, cultural studies, anthropology, literary studies, media studies, and human geography. It offers fresh perspectives on African urbanism and challenges conventional approaches to studying African cities by foregrounding cultural and artistic practices.

The essays in this volume were originally published as a special issue of Social Dynamics.

In an era where extreme amounts of data are produced daily, with the majority being visual content, cities have become vast repositories of digital imagery. From surveillance cameras to smartphone photos, satellite imagery to street-level captures, our urban environments are continuously documented through an unprecedented volume of visual data. This groundbreaking book examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing our understanding of cities and presents a comprehensive framework for applying visual AI in urban contexts. The book traces the evolution of visual analysis in urban studies, from early photographic documentation to today's sophisticated AI-powered interpretations. Through detailed case studies from across the United States, Stockholm, Amsterdam, Beijing, Dubai, Singapore, and more, it demonstrates how machine learning is unveiling new insights about urban patterns, human behavior, and social dynamics in cities. Chapters address critical concerns about surveillance, privacy, and algorithmic bias, offering a nuanced perspective on the ethical implications of urban visual intelligence. This book is essential for scholars and postgraduate students in urban planning and landscape architecture, while also appealing to anyone interested in the future of cities and technology's role in understanding them.