This book offers a critical assessment of some of the most contentious topics in the Marxian critique of political economy in the light of the recent publications of the complete manuscripts and editions of Capital in MEGA. Covering issues like the incompleteness of Marx's critique of political economy, the long-term trajectories of capitalism, the problem of economic crisis, and the center-periphery dynamics within global capitalism, this book offers an original intervention into the current debates of the Marxist tradition precisely at a crucial moment for the research of Marx's critique of the capitalist economy, and recovers the true critical, dialectical and open character of Marx's social theory.