The book includes the extensive materials of the international conference on "The Syrian crisis and the Kurdish factor: intra-Kurdish, regional, and international aspects". It aims to discuss the intra-Syrian, regional, and international aspects of the Syrian crisis and the geopolitical significance of the Kurdish factor in the region by involving diplomatic and academic circles on the platform of Science Diplomacy. Syria plays an important role both regionally and sub-regionally, and developments in Syria have ripple effects in other Arab countries as well. The contribution aims to discuss the internal Syrian developments and the Kurdish factor from different perspectives, as well as the impact of the Syrian crisis on regional and international reality and the involvement of regional and non-regional actors (the USA, Russia, China, EU countries, Iran and Turkey) in the Syrian conflict and its consequences.