This book adopts a regional approach to understanding 2024 presidential election outcomes. Quantitative and qualitative analysis examines electoral outcomes in the Midwest, Southwest, Southeast, and Northeast, enriching contextual understandings of the national results and illuminating nuances in public opinion, voter behavior, and party politics. From this foundation, the book aspires to be the most comprehensive assessment of prominent issues in the 2024 campaign. Scholars examine seven key issues to understand how these issues affected the 2024 campaign and how the campaign affected public opinion and policymaking toward these issues.

Chapter 9 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution BY-NC-ND 4.0 license via link.springer.com.

Chapter "How Concern with Government Overregulation and Racial Animus Reshaped the Republican Party and Fueled Trump's Electoral Appeal" is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License via Springerlink.

This book is an ethnography of the important cultural characteristics, local myths, and legends in Shawo Town, a subordinate to Dongming County in Shandong Province. Based on the author’s fieldwork in this unique region of the Yellow River area, this book examines the local people’s daily practice and religious beliefs in the dominant symbol “Qi.” In local society, Qi has three levels of structural characteristics and significance. First, it is a material entity which exists in people’s living world as three different forms of existence: Qi of Heaven, Qi of Earth, and Qi of Humans. Second, in a material sense, Qi has individual cultural significance and collective action social significance: QiXing, YunQi, QiShu, and so on, can concisely express this meaning. Thirdly, Qi has the most important symbolic meaning in its special form of Shen (god or goddess) and ancestors. This meaning can represent local society’s basic clan organization and can also include the traditional construction of local identity and local political power, as well as the performance of fairness and justice, and good and evil. The concept of Qi plays a crucial role in the construction of local people’s universe view, and through the holism of Qi, much can be understood about the daily lives, religious beliefs, and societal connections of the local people.

This book challenges dominant, top-down approaches to climate mitigation in the land sector, arguing that without genuine negotiation, recognized land rights, and tailored capacity building for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs), most solutions will inevitably fail or do harm.

With civil society increasingly acting as a driving force for transparency and accountability around the world, the possibility of achieving feasible, impactful Nature-based Solutions (NbS) is growing. This vision echoes Brazil's call for a mutirao - a collective, bottom-up mobilization being championed at COP30 in Belem. Drawing on decades of fieldwork and critical analysis, Michael Brown reveals why prevailing strategies - from REDD+ to other NbS - remain implausible and risk compounding poverty and marginalization in the Global South. Instead, Brown proposes a paradigm shift, elevating a governance innovation: Negotiated Governance Platforms (NGPs) that bring IPLCs, governments, and climate financiers together as mutually interested partners. Through a rich set of case studies that include successes and failures, he demonstrates how social license, tenure security, and robust capacity building are essential for achieving climate action that will be sustainable because it works for key actors at multiple levels.

Rejecting technocratic quick fixes, this book offers a pragmatic blueprint for moving beyond rhetoric to operational reality, even in contexts characterized by corruption or weak governance. It is essential reading for students, scholars, and practitioners in climate change, natural resource management, conservation, and green economics who seek grounded, actionable strategies that benefit both people and planet.

Combining impartial analysis with reliable facts and figures, this fully revised and updated 25th edition provides up-to-date commentary on these vast North American nations.

General Survey

Essays by leading experts analyse topics of regional importance, including:

- US-Canadian integration, climate change in the USA and Canada, and US foreign policy in the Arctic region.

- a directory of US and Canadian diplomatic representation abroad

- select bibliographies on topics concerning the entire North American region

Country Surveys

Each country is dealt with in greater detail within its own section. Country chapters include:

- a chronology of political events

- essays covering key socio-political and economic themes, including: recent political developments, foreign policy, the judicial system, the economy, energy policy, and trade

- historical, political and economic surveys of each of the US states and Canadian provinces and territories

- statistical surveys of economic and demographic indicators

- comprehensive directory sections covering public affairs, the economy and society, which provide contact details and other useful information for the most significant institutions in the region.

- select bibliographies on the history, politics, society and economy of each country

This book is dedicated to the introduction and research on safety and security intelligence science. It is the first time to put forward the idea of intelligence-led safety management, which demonstrates distinct interdisciplinary characteristics. It caters to the needs of safety and safety intelligence in the era of big security and big intelligence, and enhances the academic value of safety intelligence research. Whether you are engaged in practical work or scientific research on safety and intelligence, or are interested in issues about safety and intelligence, this academic book will prove to be a worthy collection.

This book explores the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across different disciplines. As AI applications continue to progress, serious concerns arise about effectively protecting the copyright of items they produce. Each country views AI as an author while maintaining rights differently, resulting in the compelling necessity for an international dialogue on legal standards. The present copyright framework does not provide sufficient solutions for AI authorship intricacies and raises doubts about classic notions of invention and source. The distinctions show an increasing demand for a global legal system that can address the unique characteristics of AI-generated content. Investigating legal policies for AI-created works underscores the critical demand for a copyright approach that accounts for human involvement. Recognizing the actual owner and the original creator is complicated when AI operates with substantial control. Present statutes fail to clarify the complexities linked to human artistic contributions. The rationale behind developing a single system is based on valuing AI-produced material as a unique category of intellectual property. As AI becomes more significant in creative fields, legal dialogues must also be similarly enhanced. The approaches considered in the book strive to build improved regulations that represent the progress in AI technology and the basic concepts of copyright. The book goes on to propose a consistent policy model to confront AI obstacles related to intellectual property and would be a valuable read for policy makers and AI enthusiasts alike.

This book analyses local actors’ agency in implementing official cultural diplomacy (CD) activities, using Japan as a case to show how the nation is presented to Spanish-speaking audiences. Drawing on qualitative methods, the book argues that CD activities undergo a process of localisation, whereby local actors strategically adapt and modify official narratives. This localisation highlights both the agency of local actors and a gap ?little explored in the CD literature?between official diplomatic narratives and their actual manifestation at the local level. The book further explains why these narrative adjustments occur and how they foster deeper audience engagement, dialogue, and mutual understanding.

This book answers a few key questions about Taiwan's future, through specific chapters focusing on geopolitical security topics, to better understand evolving geopolitical challenges within a global context, and what these represent for the future world order-and its stability-in the Indo-Pacific region. Against the backdrop of China's increasing threats against Taiwan, this edited volume has collected a series of internationally acclaimed academics as well as some junior scholars to provide different perspectives from Europe, the UK, the US, and the Asia-Pacific region. The book is divided into three main parts: an introductory section that broadly deals with various topics related to the changing dynamics in geopolitics; a central part focusing on Cross-Strait Warfare and specifically on the legal and gray-zone tactics between China and Taiwan and a final section, which focuses in depth on the China-US competition from different viewpoints.

Navigating Ethics in Behavior Analysis considers the elusive topic of ethics in the professional context of behavioral analysis. Students often assume their Applied Behavior Analysis Ethics class is going to be an easy A+; that it takes no more than common sense and a good moral compass to determine the line between right and wrong. But, as they quickly learn, ethics are different from laws, morals and common sense and, when a variable is modified from how it was originally learned, students can be at a loss for how to critically think through the situation.

Drawing from her extensive experience in both teaching and practice, Nicolle Carr highlights the importance of critical thinking when considering questions of ethics in behavior analysis. She examines the history and creation of the Behavior Analysis Certification Board's (BACB) current ethical code before exploring well-known and novel approaches to navigating the ethical decision-making process with added emphasis on contextual understanding. These approaches are then applied in real-world scenarios: in schools, clinics, homes, residential facilities, higher education and within Organizational Behavior Management. Carr concludes by walking the reader through the process of an ethical violation, from trying to solve an issue alone and ensuring the person falls under the BACB's jurisdiction, to submitting the appropriate documents and what to expect as the process continues.

Delving into the ethical curiosity created by grey areas that play out daily in the world of behavior analysis, this book will be an essential resource for students of behavioral analysis ethics as well as fully certified behavioral analysts.

Following the first and second quantum revolutions, quantum information theory has expanded beyond the field of physics into numerous other interdisciplinary areas. This book provides a comprehensive philosophical exploration of quantum mechanics and quantum information.

The author examines key concepts such as quantum reality, quantum entanglement, quantum information, the quantum world, quantum computing, and quantum matter, while also extending quantum mechanical theory to encompass phenomenology, hermeneutics, and trans- empirical philosophy. Drawing on Kant's transcendental idealism and neo- Kantianism, the author introduces the concept of "trans-empirical"- that which transcends experience without abandoning it and which, in fact, enables it. The book skillfully demonstrates how trans- empirical reality and cognition offer valuable analytical frameworks for contemporary quantum philosophy.

This work will appeal to scholars and graduate students in various disciplines, including the philosophy of science and technology, analytical philosophy, the philosophy of language, phenomenology, and hermeneutics.

This volume argues that concepts from the theory of computation-including information theory, formal languages, and discrete structures-might provide novel paths towards a solution to the problem of quantum gravity. By combining elements of physics with computer science and mathematics, the volume proposes to transform the foundations of spacetime physics and bring it into the digital age.

In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent a new theoretical framework will be needed to solve the problem of quantum gravity. This kind of framework-sometimes referred to as "pregeometry" or even "prephysics"-goes beyond conventional mathematical conceptions of space, time, and matter, seeking their building blocks in more fundamental elements. The essays in this volume explore this approach from a variety of perspectives, including physics-based, mathematical, computational, and philosophical. The new formal frameworks needed to discuss such approaches have their roots in homotopy type theory, formal language theory, and higher category theory; the computational perspective is informed by connections between pregeometric structures and formal proofs and programs. The new philosophical fulcrum supporting these new avenues is inspired by constructivism and meta-structures. By probing at a level of structure beneath the ordinary structures used in general relativity and quantum mechanics, this volume seeks to find new ways of showing how these higher-order structures can be constructed from the deeper elements.

Quantum Gravity and Computation is an essential resource for scholars and graduate students interested in the philosophy of physics, quantum mechanics, and computational science.

The second edition of The Routledge Handbook of the Politics of Migration in Europe provides a rigorous, provocative, and critical examination of what is exceptional about the European politics of migration and the study of it.

Crucially, this book adopts a pan-European perspective to better explain the regional shades of European migration politics, inclusive of tendencies in all geographical parts of Europe. The volume accounts for recent developments that affect human mobility in Europe, including the significant number of asylum seekers from non-EU and non-European countries in 2014-2016, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Brexit, and the Russian war on Ukraine. Thematically organized, this book provides analytically fruitful comparisons across various geographical entities within Europe. The Routledge Handbook of the Politics of Migration in Europe will be essential reading and an authoritative reference for scholars, students, researchers, and practitioners involved in, and actively concerned about, research and policy on migration, and European and EU Politics.

This book explores the international ordering visions of key global and regional powers in the international system from 2014 onwards.

Using a fourfold analytical framework based on the distributional, normative, institutional, and temporal dimensions of the visions propagated by the relevant political elites in the states/actors in question, the book addresses the ultimate question in international relations for the coming decades: To what extent can the visions pushed forward by the leading powers of the world be reconciled to arrive at a shared direction for international order writ large? The book's analysis also offers normative prescriptions on how to avoid a tragic race to the bottom - a fragmented world of competing orders where states are unable to address shared global crises and challenges such as pandemics, cross-border crime, climate tragedies, and armed conflict. With this, it concludes by recognising the importance of agency as well as political imagination in navigating the crisis-ridden ordering moment of the international system.

This book will be of key interest to scholars and students in global order studies and governance, geopolitics, regional studies, foreign policy analysis as well as more broadly to international relations and security, political history, human geography, and policymakers.

Chapters 1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 14 and 16 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license.

Chapter 3 and Chapter 9 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 International license.

This book examines the operation of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to better understand the motivating factors that underpin its activation of Article 39. Arguing that climate change should be considered a threat to international peace and security, the theory of securitisation is employed to dissect the UNSC and identify the power dynamics that dictate when and why Article 39 is activated. Exploring how contemporary threats to peace and security can unite the agenda of the UNSC and shedding light on the narratives used to reach consensus, the author considers how this knowledge might be purposed to support the transition of climate change into the realm of Article 39. How necessary and useful a UNSC resolution would be is given thought, and a possible pathway to achieving it is outlined.

Aimed at academics and institutions that commentate on the UNSC, climate change, securitisation theory and undergraduate and postgraduate students of law, international relations, UN law, and those undertaking environmental studies, this book will also be of interest to practitioners and diplomats in and outside of the UN and anyone seeking to further the climate security nexus.

The History of Philosophy of Science (HOPOS) is a relatively new yet rapidly growing field. Emerging from diverse approaches within the history and philosophy of science, it encompasses a wide range of philosophical reflections on the nature, methods, and subject matter of science, all considered within their historical contexts.

In this outstanding Handbook, the first of its kind, an international roster of contributors provide the first full survey of the discipline. Organized into four sections comprising 50 chapters, the Handbook covers the following themes:

• Perspectives on philosophy of science, including the historical and sociological turns and feminist philosophy of science.
• Traditions and movements in philosophy of science, with a focus on Victorian philosophy of science, French positivism, logical empiricism, pragmatism, and naturalism.
• Specific scientific theories, issues, and concepts in relativity, quantum mechanics, realism, and anti-realism.
• Philosophy of the special sciences, including mathematics, chemistry, biology, psychology and psychiatry, and the social sciences.

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Philosophy of Science After Kant is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of science, history of science, the sociology of science, and science studies. It will also be of interest to those in the sciences seeking a philosophical and historical perspective on core areas such as mathematics, physics, and biology.

This edited collection is based on comparative ethnographic research and explores the concept of riverine rights in Aotaroa New Zealand, Colombia and India where rivers have been declared legal persons: the Whanganui River, Rio Atrato, the Ganga and the Yamuna.

The cases drew significant attention from academia and the wider public, as examples of the rights of nature in practice. This book contributes with in-depth empirical research carried out by a highly interdisciplinary team of co-authors - from anthropology, law, history, political science, management studies and water science - many of whom are from the case study countries and the river basins. The first chapters carefully examine each case, discussing its history, the institutional context, the actors and interests, the issues to be addressed by the legal decisions and their outcomes. Subsequent chapters provide detailed comparative analysis on the rights of nature legal pluralism, the struggles of Indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities and marginalized groups, and on different ontological understandings of the relations between people, rivers and nature. The book concludes with reflections on how these cases of riverine rights relate to global trends, and discusses the tensions and synergies between human rights and nature's rights, with a particular emphasis on how Indigenous rights intersect with rivers' rights. Finally, it argues for a broad notion of riverine rights that includes those who live by the river, and beyond riverine rights, to the social, cultural and political dimensions of the legal innovations, and to the larger environmental crises they seek to address.

This interdisciplinary book will be essential reading for academics and researchers across social sciences and law with an interest in how social struggles, environmental justice and innovative legislation intersect for the wellbeing of rivers and their people. The book is also relevant for policy makers, activists and others with an interest in rights of nature.

This book examines Japan's defense technology, unresolved territorial disputes with neighboring countries, and its trade policy. The author:

• analyzes Japan's cutting-edge defense technologies, including space, cyberspace, and electromagnetic domains, cross-domain operations, and artificial intelligence (AI);
• traces the history and future trajectories of Japan's territorial disputes with Russia, South Korea, and China, and with political actors who have shaped Japan's foreign policies toward the resolution of the Northern Islands/Kurile Islands, the Takeshima/Dokdo Islands, and the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands;
• studies Japan's policy toward free trade frameworks, especially the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement, also known as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP);
• investigates policy implications of political actors for decision-making processes in the government;
• uses case studies to substantiate the applicability of the policy analysis method in the study of contemporary Japanese politics.

This book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers in Japanese politics, Japanese studies, Asian studies, and international relations.

Wong examines the normative responsibilities of citizens in authoritarian states to address the injustices perpetrated by their governments. He challenges prevailing assumptions in political philosophy, arguing that certain citizens, by virtue of their agency and authorisation of their states, bear responsibilities to compensate, oppose, commemorate, or apologise over injustices that take place in such states.

The book explores the relationship between authoritarian regimes and the citizens who enable or endure them, offering a fresh perspective on questions of reparative justice, moral agency, and accountability in contexts where state actors fail to meet their obligations. Drawing upon political philosophy, history, sociology, and international relations, it adopts a richly interdisciplinary approach for understanding citizen liability in authoritarian states. Case studies encompassing historical examples such as the Soviet Union, Indonesia under Suharto, South Korea under Park Chung-hee, through to contemporary cases such as the Iranian, Myanmar, and Russian states, bridge theory and lived experiences, illuminating the complex dynamics of justice in non-democratic contexts. The advancement of a novel General Authorisation View offers original insights that extend beyond authoritarian regimes, addressing broader implications of reparative justice for all regime types.

Posing critical questions about the evolving responsibilities of citizens in shaping just societies, this is an indispensable resource for scholars and students of political philosophy, international relations, and empirical political science as well as those interested in authoritarianism, reform in non-democratic contexts, and global justice.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

The book’s main aim is to present an understanding of why public diplomacy is relevant in today’s changing global world order and explain how Turkiye is investing in this field, prompted by the developments regarding its foreign policy. The readers will be informed about the relationship between international relations and public diplomacy efforts; the example of Turkiye will focus on the transformation the country’s practices. The concept of power will be put under the spotlight, and various aspects such as influence, and soft power will be addressed as well. Turkiye, surrounded by numerous challenges from ongoing conflicts in neighboring countries to global threats including terrorism, feels the need to communicate its policies in an accurate way to the international publics to support its foreign policy objectives, focusing on tools of public diplomacy. It is believed that the book will be of great interest to scholars of international relations, public diplomacy, and political communication. The book will provide a nuanced understanding of the role of concepts such as influence, soft power, reputation in international relations by giving a detailed example of Turkiye’s approach.

This volume brings together essays on a wide range of topics, from the popular notion of ‘climacterical’ years believed to recur every seventh year, and the origins and development of the concept of ‘palliative’ care in premodern medicine, to the early modern understanding of ‘melancholia’ as a disease rather than just a temperament, and its visual representation in the famous ‘Melancholia’ paintings of Lukas Cranach the Elder. It examines the casuistic training, empirical observations, and public self-fashioning of learned physicians, and explores major concepts of early modern medical theory, such as ‘innate heat’ and diseases of the ‘total substance’ as presented and elaborated in Avicenna's ‘Canon medicinae and in Daniel Sennert's atomistic interpretation of body and soul. Published for the first time in an English translation, these essays offer readers many illuminating insights into the fascinating world of early modern medicine.

This book examines the significant changes reshaping the European media landscape in the context of rapid technological advancements, political shifts, and economic pressures. It sheds light on the economic, political, and structural forces behind these transformations, focusing particularly on the impact of platformisation, media convergence, and the emergence of new players on media production, distribution, and consumption. At the same time, the book analyses how platform dominance is reshaping European media ownership by fostering mergers and collaborations, while also raising concerns about media concentration. Against this backdrop, it also considers the evolving role of public broadcasters, as governments and policymakers grapple with the challenge of regulating new media realities while maintaining diversity and pluralism. It also discusses the implications of the trends for European identity and the European public sphere, particularly the tension between a top-down, institutional, and regulatory approach to Europeanisation.

Providing a detailed overview of the trends and shifts shaping the future of European media, the book offers key insights into the dynamics and challenges of the contemporary media environment. It will appeal to students, researchers, and media professionals interested in media studies, European studies, international communication, and public policy. Its insightful analysis and empirical grounding enable readers to gain a better understanding of the ongoing transformations in the European media sector and the future direction of the media in the digital platform era.

This book is one of three volumes that provide a systematic overview of public administration, public management and public governance in Italy. This second volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach to introduce readers to the ways in which public administration in Italy has been studied by various disciplines since the conception of the modern Italian state more than 150 years ago, including administrative law, management, economics, psychology, political science and public policy. The book also assesses key traits regarding the training, recruitment and regulation of public employment in Italy, as well as the role of oversight and judiciary bodies in the practice of public servants’ work. Contributors comprise some of the leading historians, political scientists, lawyers, social scientists and public management scholars from Italy, some of whom have also held key posts in the Italian public sector. It will appeal to students and scholars of public administration, public management and public governance, as well as practitioners with an interest in Italy.

This volume examines the history of natural disasters in the United States and the nation's ongoing struggles with long-term disaster preparedness and response. It explores the political, economic, and cultural factors that have shaped the country's vulnerability. It highlights why, despite its vast resources, the United States has remained one of the most resistant actors in recognizing and mitigating disaster risk.

Bringing together contributions from a variety of fields, this book analyzes the role of political institutions, media narratives, and cultural perceptions in shaping disaster policy. It examines key historical events to identify patterns of governance failure and missed opportunities to build resilience. Ultimately, this volume provides crucial insights into the historical baggage that the United States brings to multilateral climate negotiations, helping to explain its often frustrating role on the international stage.

This book is essential reading for students, researchers, and scholars in the social sciences, humanities, and environmental studies, as well as policymakers and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of the challenges and shortcomings of U.S. disaster mitigation policy.

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Chapter?“‘Becoming Green:’ Resilient and Green Building as Risk Mitigation in Atlanta, Georgia” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This research contributes to scholarship on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/ Questioning, Intersex and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) rights at the international level and how LGBTQIA+ non-governmental organisations (NGOs) use international channels to advance the cause domestically, with a focus on countries that have a strong presence and influence of the Catholic Church. Case studies include Ireland, Italy and Peru. Based on over fifty interviews, author Helen Karen West identifies how specialised LGBTQIA+ INGOs facilitate access to international channels for local NGOs and argues that by accessing transnational networks and utilising international NGOs to access United Nations’ (UN) channels, local NGOs have a better chance of influencing domestic policy change in majority Catholic countries. She argues that it is necessary to consider an additional actor to predict outcomes more efficiently: the opposition, in this case, the Catholic Church and affiliated organisations, and its transnational network. West offers helpful insight into influencing domestic policies in countries with strong opposition to allow LGBTQIA+ organisations a better chance to succeed in their work and further the academic dialogue.?