This book describes the process of collectivisation policy and the "collectivisation movement" in Mongolia in the 20th century, which affected the entire agricultural sector and resulted in the "socialisation" of livestock. This brought about changes in the use of land and pasture, in the way of life and in the mentality of Mongolian pastoralists. The monograph mainly covers the years 1933-1959. For the study of the subject, mainly archival sources are used, which refer to the 20 years between 1940 and 1959 and thus, assuming the social development goals of the time, concentrate mainly on the period before the transition to socialism.

This is the second edition of Springer's first wide-ranging, multi-authored handbook on philosophy of medicine. It covers the underlying conceptual issues of many important social, political and ethical issues in health care and, as such, provides a single source of information for this far-ranging and still developing field. This new edition of this authoritative handbook includes topics that have gained momentum in the last couple of years. This second edition introduces and develops nearly one hundred topics, concepts, and issues in the field. It is written by distinguished specialists from multiple disciplines, including philosophy, health sciences, nursing, sociology, political theory, and medicine.

Many complicated social and ethical issues in health care are based on conceptual problems, most prominently on the definitions of health and disease, or on epistemological issues regarding causality or diagnosis. Philosophy is the discipline that deals with such conceptual, metaphysical, epistemological, methodological, and axiological matters. This handbook covers all the central concepts in medicine, such as ageing, death, disease, mental disorder, and well-being. It is an invaluable resource for health care specialists who want to be informed and stay up to date with the relevant discussions, as well as philosophers and ethicists with an interest in medicine, and members of the general public with an interest in health care and related issues. The text also advances these debates and sets the agenda for years to come.

The book explores the institution of the insurance ombudsman - an alternative dispute resolution service outside of the court dedicated to resolving complaints filed by customers against insurers and insurance intermediaries. The ombudsman scheme constitutes a significant element of every insurance market, as it contributes to enhancing consumer protection and increasing trust in the insurance industry. Despite these valuable functions, not all jurisdictions provide insurance consumers with easy and effective access to ombudsman services.

In the interest of promoting good market practices, this book provides an in-depth discussion on the role and workings of insurance ombudsman services in Europe. The book may serve as a source of inspiration for both established ombudsman institutions when rethinking their structure, and for emerging markets when considering the introduction of ombudsman schemes. The main body consists of reports on insurance ombudsman schemes in ten representative European jurisdictions, based on a detailed, uniform questionnaire.

Written by experts from academia and representatives of insurance ombudsman offices, the book will benefit ombudsman officers, regulators, supervisors, practitioners, academics, students and, more generally, all those involved with or interested in insurance, dispute resolution and consumer protection.

This volume sheds light on the complex global landscape of democracy weakening and autocracy strengthening, along with their profound impact on the response to the climate crisis. The book is divided into three sections and adopts a multidisciplinary approach. The first section examines various pathways of global democracy erosion and autocracy growth, including challenges posed by voters, politicians, unelected officials, and climate skeptics.

In the second section, the focus shifts to climate change politics in a divided world, investigating the challenges political polarization poses to a sustainable future. The chapters cover key topics, such as energy security, responses to environmental disasters, environmental sustainability, sustainable development, and human rights.

The impact of eroding democracy on the natural environment and the sustainability concerns during the climate change era is explored in the third section, viewed through a rarely used humanities lens. Studies on pro-climatic national symbols, ecofeminism, eco-justice, and the Sustainable Development Goals ante litteram provide the context for this final section.

This book offers invaluable insights into our evolving world. For scholars, students, policymakers, and activists in fields such as autocracy, democracy, politics of climate change, political sociology, international relations, and sustainability, it presents strategies to navigate climate change adaptation in a rapidly changing, less democratic world.

In this book, Oke Heinrich Horstmann explores how young people learn about democracy and their own role within it through out-of-school educational settings. The study is motivated by the political engagement of many youths, particularly in the context of the Fridays for Future protest movement. The author first outlines a conceptual framework for Citizenship education programs within teaching-learning laboratories. Based on an integrated approach of democratic education that combines social and subject-specific learning, he develops an out-of-school educational program implemented at the demokratie:werk of the Kiel Science Outreach Lab (Kieler Forschungswerkstatt).

A quantitative questionnaire-based study investigates changes in participants' individual political dispositions. In addition, guided individual interviews are conducted and analyzed using qualitative research methods to capture processes of meaning-making related to democracy. The results suggest that participation in the program may lead to increases in political self-efficacy, specific action readiness, and, in some cases, political interest. The investigation of learners' conceptions suggests potential for fostering meaning-making but also reveals a need for deeper reflection on the perceived role of the individual in democratic contexts.

This book offers an in-depth analysis of the EU regulation of genome edited plants and its compatibility with WTO law and the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA). It analyses in detail whether the EU authorisation procedures, labelling requirements and the EU's opt-out mechanism and its application to genome edited plants are compatible with the EU's obligations under the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and CETA. Based on this analysis, the EU Commission's proposal for a new regulation on plants produced by certain new genomic techniques is discussed. Also, the book provides suggestions to further improve the EU Commission's proposal. The book's analysis is not only relevant for legal researchers in the field of biotechnology and international economic law, but also discusses regulatory aspects that are highly relevant for the scientific and industrial sector involved in biotechnology.

In this book, researchers of and representatives from various world religions contribute to the scholarship on the moral justification and future orientation of today's capitalism. The book is inspired by the sociologist Max Weber, who initiated an impressive research project on the 'Economic Ethics of the World Religions', discussing Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam. In this volume, the authors ask what from within the perspective of these religions themselves would be said today about capitalism in free markets. This text appeals to students and researchers working and interested in questions related to culture & economy, comparative religion and the economics of religion.

The book, which systematically analyzes private international law rules contained in the Colombian legal system, contributes to the study and knowledge of this legal field, and also has a positive impact on its practical application. In addition, attention is given to the need for a special legislation that not only fits the Colombian reality and takes into consideration the evolution of private international law in Latin America. The book appeals to a worldwide audience. It enables readers to better understand how private law deals with a variety of situations in the Global South. Such situations can be linked to virtually all global phenomena, including at least two: cross-border migration and international trade. Regarding this, Colombia stands out in Latin America because, although it has traditionally been the origin of many migrants, in recent years it has also come to play an important role as a destination and transit country for migrants from different regions. In addition,Colombia's economic growth has led it to become part of several international trade agreements, for example, with the Andean Community, Venezuela, Mexico, MERCOSUR, Chile, the Northern Triangle, which includes Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras, and also with Canada, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the United States, the European Union, South Korea, Costa Rica and the Pacific Alliance, of which Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru are members. All this, while resulting in an increase in situations with foreign elements that must be dealt with by national authorities, makes it unavoidable to know the Colombian private international law to know the legal landscape of the region in relation to global issues that currently must be addressed worldwide. Thus, the book is of interest to students in different countries. They find in it a guide to understand the theory and dogmatics of private international law in Latin America and Colombia. The academic relevance of the book is alsoreflected in its usefulness for scholars working in private international law and comparative law. It allows for an in-depth study of the problems that underly private international law in this part of the Global South. It is structured and written in such a way that it can be used as a textbook in undergraduate and graduate courses in subjects such as comparative law, private international law, international contracts, international trade, and international movement of persons and goods.

The exploration, use, and exploitation of space resources is the most exciting chapter among today's issues of concern to the space community. At the same time, however, it has generated intense controversy at the international level, since current international and space law do not seem to ensure a stable, clear regime for such activities to take place. Furthermore, some legislative approaches at the national level, which have seen the light of day, do not seem capable of ensuring a universally acceptable solution. It could therefore be said that the question of how the governance of space resources in general should ideally be regulated remains, for the time being, unresolved.

This book thoroughly reviews the relevant international experience and explores why current international law is at an impasse on the issue of space resources. Further, it discusses the possible ways out in the legal field and proposes solutions, some of which have not been presently discussed.

This book explores the relationship between an introduced gender equality rule and broader gender sensitivity in the Parliament of the Republic of Fiji. Key concepts of gendered institutional transformation - commitment, capacity and will - are contextualized from a Fijian gender politics perspective to uncover the extent to which actors and processes of this parliament are gender sensitive.
Very little of the global research on gender sensitive parliaments has focused on the Pacific region, despite significant investments from international organizations towards gender sensitive parliamentary strengthening. This investment is often predicated on the assumption that the international actors who have been instrumental in defining the norm are best placed to entrench it in local contexts. The case study of Fiji provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges faced in establishing the roots of cultural political change required to achieve truly gender sensitive parliaments.

This book poses a provocative question: what happens when academic writing is imported not just as a skill set, but as an ideology, one that dictates whose knowledge counts, which languages belong, and how scholarly voice should sound? Focusing on English-medium instruction (EMI) universities in Central Asia, the book reimagines academic writing as a social practice rooted in power, identity, and institutional histories. Across chapters, contributors examine how students and educators negotiate imported norms, develop scholarly voice, and contest epistemic hierarchies through feedback, supervision, and writing groups. Rather than adopting global prescriptions, the book foregrounds local pedagogies, culturally embedded challenges, and creative responses to writing in EMI university contexts. As one of the first regionally grounded academic literacies volumes in Central Asia, this book offers essential insights for scholars of writing development, decolonial education, and the politics of knowledge production in global higher education reform.

"The Normative Power of the EU and China: Interests Drive Norms is a vital contribution to the scholarship on global governance. It deftly dissects how both the EU and China pursue norm diffusion not as idealistic projects but as interest-driven strategies. The book provides a much-needed corrective to overly simplistic conceptions of 'normative power'."

-Richard G. Whitman, Professor, School of Economics, Politics and International Relations, University of Kent, UK

"Zhongzhou Peng has written a very welcome recent addition to the normative power approach literature. His balanced book seeks to understand how the normative power of China compares with the EU in global governance. The analysis compares and contrasts the EU and China to provide an interesting new take on how direct diffusion is driven by different interests rather than normative concerns."

-Ian Manners, Professor, Department of Political Science, Lund University, Sweden

This book systematically examines how the EU and China exercise their normative power in global governance, and how they interact with each other in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the Paris Agreement, and the United Nations Human Rights Council. It demonstrates that the interests of the EU and China constitute a predominant factor that shapes their norm interpretation, norm diffusion, and outcomes of norm diffusion. The book makes the case that international norms represent a deal that fulfils the interests of actors that exercise normative power in international institutions. These findings make important theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature on normative power, EU-China relationship, and global governance.

This book utilizes postcards as a historical and visual lens to consider the built environment of the Philippines after the governmental regime change in 1898. By compiling and using visual references to show shifting patterns of urban environmental design during the Philippines' American colonial era, this volume will reveal the changes in Manila's built environment. This book will also examine the loss of the historic urban form post-1946. In detailing the altering landscape of Manila, the book reveals the relationship between the development of the built environment and its societal context.

Reflections on Chinese Culture presents a curated collection of Professor Lou Yulie's seven seminal lectures, offering profound insights into the essence of China's cultural heritage. This work examines the foundational concepts- including the Confucian code of ethics, the beliefs of Chinese people, and the philosophical unity of Heaven and humanity. Within a broader context, the book primarily addresses three key questions: Does Confucian code of ethics merely serve as an oppressive system? Can Confucianism be classified as a religion? Has Chinese civilization demonstrated creative limitations? Through rigorous analysis, it challenges conventional perspectives while vividly illustrating the enduring collective consciousness in Chinese life, the group-centered values that have shaped societal structures, the integrative nature of traditional Chinese thought, and its profound humanistic legacy.

This volume serves as an indispensable resource for scholars advancing their Sinological research and general readers seeking to understand the contemporary relevance of tradition Chinese culture. Embark on an intellectual journey to discover the multifaceted richness of China's cultural traditions through this masterful work.

This volume chronicles migrant lives in Japan and the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, it focuses on the Japanese in the Philippines and the Filipinos in Japan, making it a valuable resource for those doing research on migrations between these two countries, and/or about migrations in Asia, in general.

Analyzing data gathered through interviews, surveys, content analyses, and ethnographies, the authors meticulously present critical findings and narrate migrants' experiences of COVID-19. While the world has now eased back into a "state of normality," the significant societal changes that have occurred cannot be denied. Hence, the book argues that it is imperative for the public to be informed how various types of migrants have experienced the pandemic, leading them to explore innovative ways to adapt to conditions during this health crisis.

The chapters in this volume are important in informing not only scholars studying migration, but also policy-makers, NGOs, and the general public, as to how non-citizens in these two countries have grappled with the challenges posed by the pandemic. It will also be a valuable resource for communities and governments around the world as they prepare for similar health crises in the near future.

Taking Japan as a heuristic example, this book explores the significance of neatly kept and classified records and archives to maintain a democratic society. Japan adopted constitutional monarchy as a state system in the nineteenth century and then amended it to become a democracy in the twentieth century. How the evaluation of public and governmental records has and has not changed for almost a century is an indication of the maturity of democracy in Japan. How and to what extent the records of the government are disclosed to and shared with the public are among the fundamental criteria to assess the quality and maturity of democracy in a society. From this point of view, the book examines the current status of records and archives management in several spheres of Japanese society, with some international comparative studies as well. On the one hand, Japan is a society that has attached great importance to written documents, which is evident when one sees how carefully ordinary people kept diverse kinds of documents even in the pre-modern period. On the other hand, the public at large has long been indifferent to the records and archives that serve as fundamental infrastructure to keep the governance of society transparent and accountable. By examining those contradictory aspects of the attitudes toward records and archives in Japanese society, this book provides the key elements of management of critical information for a democratic society.

• kompakte und praegnante Darstellung
• schneller Einstieg in das Thema der betrieblichen Altersversorgung
• praxisorientierte Ausfuehrungen anhand aktueller Rechtsprechung

• Art. 14 Achtes Gesetz zur Aenderung des Vierten Buches Sozialgesetzbuch und anderer Gesetze von Dezember 2020
• Die Neuauflage beruecksichtigt die aktuellen Entwicklungen in der Rechtsprechung und Literatur, die geltenden Grenzbetraege/Obergrenzen sowie alle weiteren wichtigen Aenderungen fuer die betriebliche Altersversorgung.

This comprehensive collection offers legal professionals the essential tools to understand, navigate, and transform conflict in all its forms. Blending theory with real-world application, each chapter addresses the specific challenges lawyers face-whether in client relationships, team dynamics, or complex, cross-border disputes. Readers will gain a practical foundation in conflict analysis and a wide range of resolution strategies that extend well beyond litigation.

Of particular application are chapters on interpersonal conflict management, advanced legal research, negotiation, Indigenous approaches to conflict resolution, mediation, and international arbitration. Designed for both seasoned practitioners and those in training, this book equips readers with skills they can immediately apply in their legal work.

With its interdisciplinary lens and practical focus, the collection empowers lawyers to move from reaction to resolution-ensuring that conflicts are addressed constructively, ethically, and to the satisfaction of all involved.

Digital Marketing Advanced in Tourism explores the dynamic intersection of digital marketing and the tourism industry, offering readers a comprehensive understanding of how digital strategies can elevate and transform tourism brands. Through real-world case studies, the book delves into how companies within the tourism sector have successfully leveraged digital marketing to enhance their visibility, increase engagement, and build a strong presence in an increasingly competitive market. From destinations promoting unique local experiences, to global tourism brands scaling their influence, this book highlights the pivotal role of digital tools in modern tourism.

As the tourism industry continues to grow and diversify, it faces the challenge of distinguishing itself in a crowded marketplace. Digital Marketing Advanced in Tourism outlines the evolving nature of tourist offerings, from traditional attractions like beaches and cultural heritage to niche experiences that appeal to today's more sophisticated traveller. By integrating digital marketing concepts with real-world examples, this contributed work is an essential resource for anyone in the academic and professional space seeking to explore the digital tourism landscape.

Why We Love to Tour: Gazing from the Serious Leisure Perspective offers a fresh and nuanced exploration of tourism, distinct from traditional industry-focused narratives. Stebbins delves into tourism as a rich tapestry of leisure activities that provide personal satisfaction and self-fulfilment, framed within the social worlds and lifestyles that accompany these pursuits. This book expands and enriches the gaze, tracing leisure experiences across serious pursuits in art, science, sports, and entertainment; casual leisure in activities like sightseeing and nature exploration; and project-based leisure through unique, one-time adventures such as climbing Mount Fuji, visiting Paris, or swimming with dolphins.

Why We Love to Tour thus complements and extends the understanding of the tourist gaze, making it a valuable resource for academics as a monograph, for upper-division undergraduate and graduate students as supplementary reading, and for professionals within the tourism industry seeking deeper insights into the motivations driving modern tourists.

Fashion Industry and Tourism Strategy: Transforming Destinations and Shaping Experiences explores the growing intersection between fashion events and tourism, highlighting their socio-economic contributions to global destinations. Once limited to showcasing clothing, fashion events have evolved into a key driver of luxury tourism, influencing travel patterns, consumer behaviour, and destination branding. The increasing interest in luxury lifestyles, particularly in developing economies, has fuelled a surge in travellers to iconic fashion capitals such as Paris, Milan, and New York. While research has acknowledged the economic significance of fashion tourism, critical gaps remain in understanding its broader impact, including its role in cultural exchange, destination image-building, and sustainability.

In addition to economic considerations, this contributed work delves into the socio-environmental implications of fashion tourism, assessing its influence on heritage conservation, commercialisation, and sustainable development. The potential of fashion tourism to revitalise emerging destinations and serve as an off-season tourism strategy is explored, alongside concerns about overconsumption, resource exploitation, and social inequalities in the fast-fashion industry.

Through a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing organisational behaviour, finance, psychology, social development, and operations, Fashion Industry and Tourism Strategy: Transforming Destinations and Shaping Experiences fresh insights into an evolving tourism segment, making it a valuable resource for scholars, industry professionals, and policymakers.

Global Marketing in Times of Disruption, Volume 22 in the Review of Marketing Research series, delves into the multifaceted disruptions reshaping the domain of international marketing, fuelled by shifts in geopolitical dynamics, technological advancements, and consumer behaviour. A diverse selection of international authors contribute to our understanding of the implications of disruptions for global marketing strategy, based on their impact on firms, markets, consumers, and policy makers. They address the range of disruptions across four categories: anti-globalisation and nationalistic sentiments; trade wars; climate change; and digital platforms and payment technologies.
The convergence of these disruptions has fundamentally altered the dynamics of international marketing, necessitating a paradigm shift in how firms approach global market expansion and consumer engagement. Agility and adaptability emerge as indispensable attributes for marketers seeking to navigate the complexities of the global marketplace. By embracing innovation, sustainability, and a nuanced understanding of local contexts, firms can position themselves to thrive amidst disruption and seize opportunities for growth in an increasingly turbulent global landscape.

This book explores the circumstances where the use of trade secrets may constitute the abuse of market dominance under competition law. Trade secrets have been valuable intangible assets for companies in the modern market. While it is imperative to protect trade secrets, noteworthy is that the exploitation of trade secrets may lead to anti-competitive concerns and may require antitrust intervention. By examining comparative experience from both sides of the Atlantic, this book provides specific suggestions for China's competition authorities to handle anti-monopoly cases concerning trade secrets. This book is of interest for readers in the field of competition law and intellectual property law, particularly for those who are researching on the interaction between antitrust and intellectual property law.

This book offers a complete overview of the complex topic of reasonableness. Ranging through ethics, political theory and legal theory, the author shows how 'reasonable' is an unescapable evaluative term. One uses this concept to evaluate positively or negatively - 'it is unreasonable!' - both our conduct and that of others. However, we are often not aware of the presuppositions behind our use of the concept. Especially the legal use, both in civil and in common law, reveals a large variety of meanings and the so called 'multifacetedness' of reasonableness. In an age in which the environmental crisis or 'global climate change' threatens our style of life we badly need criteria of evaluation that we all can share. This book therefore provides a unitary conception that connects to the ethics of virtues as the fabric that links the many uses of 'the reasonable'.

This book provides a systematic review and analysis of the literature on product-related, situational, organizational, and cultural factors influencing people's happiness in the marketplace. The authors, senior experts in the field, make specific recommendations to design and implement consumer wellbeing strategies. These recommendations are for marketing executives to maximize their effectiveness and help consumers achieve optimal levels of happiness (overall happiness, consumer happiness, and consumption happiness), which in turn could enhance organizational return on investment through customer loyalty, repeat patronage, sales, and profit. The book reviews and integrates learnings from the research on happiness in several fields of study, namely, quality-of-life studies, marketing, consumer studies, social psychology, and behavioral economics, and is of interest to marketing executives and academics from various fields working on consumers and consumer wellbeing.

Dozens of times daily, access to your screen is auctioned to advertisers, sometimes by your own phone or laptop without your knowledge. In the background are huge, electricity-hungry, carbon-emitting systems that conduct roughly two trillion near-instantaneous, automated auctions every day.

This book takes you into the heart of this mysterious world. It describes how Google built its astonishing global system of warehouse-scale computing and turned that system into an unprecedented, multibillion-dollar, money-earning machine, and how Facebook - almost by accident - also became an advertising leviathan. It examines the tensions between those giants and the smaller firms that populate digital advertising's open marketplace. Those tensions, as well as conflicts over user privacy, give rise to a new kind of politics that plays out in material systems in the form of crucial clashes between different ways of designing those systems. Building on work in the emerging interdisciplinary field of market studies, MacKenzie and Caliskan examine digital advertising's material politics, its giant megamachines, and the foundations of platform power.

Inside Digital Advertising lays bare the processes that underpin today's global advertising industry. It will be a key book for students and academics in the social sciences, humanities, and business studies, and it will appeal to anyone interested in the forces that are shaping our everyday digital world.