Following the lives of four artists, a beautifully illustrated account of Britain's artistic interactions with India at the dawn of the Raj.

As the armies of the East India Company were busy transforming Britain into a territorial and ruling power, laying the foundations for the imperial Raj, an artistic 'Scramble for India' was taking place.

Art, Ambition and Empire tells the story of the remarkable but little-known artistic encounter between Britain and India in the closing decades of the eighteenth century. Between 1769 and the early 1800s, more than sixty British-based artists made the long voyage east. Among them were some of the finest painters of the Golden Age of British art: the portrait painters Tilly Kettle and Johan Zoffany, the landscape artist William Hodges, and the miniaturist Ozias Humphry. Between them, this quartet would produce an extraordinary record of Indian life and landscapes, of Company merchants and military men, and of the courtly world of princely India. The rewards were spectacular, but, as they soon discovered, there was also a personal and a professional price to be paid.

Why did these four artists go to India? How did they respond to the place and represent it in their work? And what role did they play in shaping perceptions of the subcontinent, during one of the most controversial periods of British imperial expansion?

Expert contributors present a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of sanctions and the challenges associated with their categorisation and monitoring. Entries present the core aspects of sanction regimes, outlining the multifaceted measures across a range of case studies. The Encyclopedia is an essential and easily navigable reference source, examining international sanctions from an interdisciplinary standpoint.

Key Features:

• Over 70 entries from scholars around the globe
• Discusses implementation and enforcement in both UN and non-UN regimes
• Reviews sanctions by regional and other international organisations, as well as individual and groups of states
• Covers key sanction episodes, the profiles of senders, types of measures and the objectives of sanctions

This Encyclopedia is a crucial resource for students and scholars of international relations, economics and politics. International policymakers, civil servants and legal practitioners will also benefit from its valuable insights.

Can we move beyond the religious-secular divide and live together ethically in a shared political world?
Adorno and the Question of Theology: Religion and Reason Beyond Foundations says yes-and shows how. Through close readings of Dialectic of Enlightenment, Negative Dialectics, and Aesthetic Theory, Rachel R. Rosner examines how Adorno reconfigures the relationship between reason and theology to confront modern fragmentation. Drawing on Adorno's usage of constellation-a way of thinking that connects ideas without locking them into fixed systems-Rosner offers a way to move beyond entrenched dichotomies. In doing so, the book intervenes in contemporary debates on postsecular theory, critical reason, and political theology by rethinking how normativity and critique operate without foundations. Accessible to newcomers and illuminating for specialists, this book serves as both an introduction to Adorno's comprehensive philosophy and a path beyond enduring paradoxes in his reception.

This book provides a concise reference guide on many of the early cities of the Muslim Arabs that emerged between the seventh century AD, and the early 11th century AD. Kamila Ashour traces the evolution of these cities in historical texts until the early 16th century AD, coinciding with the decline of the Mamluk state.

Urban Planning in the Early Cities of Muslim Arabs elucidates the organizational principles that shaped the urban fabric of these cities amidst ongoing controversy and debate. This book explores prototype models, urban fabric features, and their components, delving into the cultural impact of Islamic principles, Arab traditions, and ancient urban planning. The author presents theories explaining these cities' formation and models illustrating their structures and examines the applicability of these principles to contemporary cities. Its significance lies in correcting misconceptions about markets and their spatial relationships within urban environments, open public spaces, the evolution of institutions, and the urban structure of cities with single or multiple nuclei.

'A sweeping tour-de-force of investigative journalism' - Time magazine

'Epic ... the definitive text of the war' - New York Times

'As a many-layered portrait of revolution it is a triumph... never less than compelling' - The Spectator

In 2011, in a city in northern Syria, a small group of men and women began a movement that overthrew a brutal dictatorship. For the next eighteen months, many of the citizens of Manbij carried out one of the most remarkable experiments in democracy in modern times.

Days of Love and Rage details the powerfully intimate narratives of the men and women who led this struggle, and who experienced the highs of camaraderie and the lows of betrayal. Among them: a pair of best friends torn apart by political polarization, a mother who stands up to male dominance, and a worker who risks everything for the dream of equality.

Anand Gopal immerses you in the world of a single city in the throes of revolution, and lays bare the danger that inequality poses to democracy. But this book transcends the particulars of one terrible conflict to tell the broader story of rising authoritarianism in our times. Days of Love and Rage has the force, sweep and artistry of a great novel, and is ultimately a story of our enduring human need for dignity and hope.

Drawing on the concept of 'educational diplomacy' tavis d. jules shows how soft power is being used as a diplomatic tool in the Middle East to deal with the post-revolutionary fallout in Tunisia.

Using a comparative-historical approach jules illustrates how soft financial gifts and lending by industrialized countries, multilateral agencies, and other aid donors for educational programs are being used a preventative measures against Jihadism. The book explores how educational aid is used to influence local policies and politics and reveals the multifaceted nature of educational aid in Tunisia and neighboring countries by exploring the ways in which it affects national educational reforms. It examines why countries give assistance in education and what they expect in return, asking: How is education aid promoted? How is educational aid done? and How does educational aid work? The book concludes by suggesting new ways in which the educational economy could reshape aid in a time of crisis. Finally, the book brings together international development theories and the field of comparative and international education to better understand how educational aid functions.

Introducing the concept of the politics of attraction, Hazama situates Turkey within a broader comparative context of emerging democracies. Drawing on rigorous, data-driven research, the book explains how economic performance, social protection, and potent rhetoric combined to sustain Erdogan's popularity. It shows that Turkey's drift toward authoritarianism is better understood as a consequence rather than a cause of the Justice and Development Party's declining electoral dominance. By illuminating the mechanics of dominant-party systems, the nexus between economic performance and political support, and the pathways from democracy to authoritarianism, this book provides fresh theoretical and empirical insights.

A vital resource for scholars and students of political science, international relations, and public policy, it will also be indispensable to policymakers and diplomats seeking to understand and engage with this pivotal geopolitical actor.

How does a resistant- armed group govern and implement an alternative political programme during war?Governance of Resistance in North and East Syria examines the momentous development of the Kurdish-led autonomous administration since 2012. The creation of this unprecedented, ideologically radical entity is of immense significance in Kurdish, Syrian and Middle Eastern history and for discourses of nationalism and identity. Rojava has been transformational for the local population, the course of the Syrian war, and for regional geopolitics. The movement's commitment to an accommodation within Syria and to a new form of inclusive politics makes it an essential component of the post-Assad settlement.

This book presents new research from the expanding scholarship to interrogate Rojava as a political and social idea and explain the resistance narrative that underpins the ideology and governance structures. The contributions examine key aspects of the condition of the autonomous government, its successes, failures and impact, including the theory and nature of the political structures, their application in Arab areas, identity, education, gender and foreign relations. The findings demonstrate that North and East Syria has been revolutionary, that resistance there is resilient, and that there are constant and dynamic tensions between ideology and pragmatism in the evolution of this remarkable political and social project.

'A much-needed book - a wake-up call for Africa, urging the continent not to fall into the trap of the ultraliberal ideologies that have enabled the annihilation of Palestine' - Francesca Albanese

What does true global solidarity look like, and how can it help us fight for the oppressed? Rising for Palestine is a groundbreaking anthology that reveals the deep ties between some of the world's most powerful liberation struggles.

For decades, African nations and movements have stood firmly with the Palestinian people. From anti-colonial uprisings and the Pan-African Congress of 1945 to the ongoing fight against Israeli apartheid and Western imperialism, that bond has endured.

Bringing together critical contributions from Palestinian and African scholars, intellectuals and activists, they confront the intertwined histories of genocide, apartheid and colonialism, forces that still cast long shadows over the present. Rising for Palestine is a powerful call to action, engaging with these violent and traumatic histories while exploring new avenues for resistance.

For centuries, many South Asians and Westerners have assumed that an inherent tension between Hindus and Muslims represents a social fact that has long defined the Subcontinent's history. This volume brings together a wealth of contributions that demonstrate how, for many individuals and groups, 'Hindu' and 'Muslim' are, and always have been, more than predetermined markers of religion. Rather, these terms represent sets of contested identities, belongings, communities, ethnicities, histories, regions, neighbourhoods and politics, as well as diverse artistic, literary and music traditions. Arguing that 'religion' does not adequately account for these terms, contributors also recognise that despite this diversity, notions of 'Hindu' and 'Muslim' have long acted as a shared orientation marker of identity and belonging.

Challenging the imaginary of a divided South Asia and historicizing supposed Hindu-Muslim binaries, this book provides a crucial springboard for a broader understanding of these identities as intertwined, interdependent and even co-constructed, making distinction sometimes impossible to discern. Each chapter explores specific case studies of interactions, divergences and convergences between 'Hindu' and 'Muslim' from the eighth century to today, to understand how they have evolved over more than a millennium, and actively reflects upon the theoretical and methodological challenges and constructive approaches necessary to ongoing debates about the complex historical relationship between 'Hindus' and 'Muslims'.

Analyzing Hegel, Arendt and Amery's understanding of reconciliation and considering the role of victimhood in intergroup reconciliation, Nadler grapples with the threat of reignited conflict post resolution. He addresses social psychological research on promoting trusting relations between former adversaries and ameliorating conflict-related threats to their identities. Chapters consider how former enemies may cooperate to build trust, and the effects of truth commissions and public apologies on conciliatory tendencies. The book sheds light on real-world efforts to build trust and stable reconciled intergroup relations between former enemies. The book highlights remaining dilemmas in the study of post-conflict reconciliation.

This book is an essential resource for scholars and students of social psychology, political science, and sociology. It is also a beneficial read for professionals promoting ceasefires, and practitioners in governmental services and NGOs working towards an end to international and intra-societal unrest.

Translated into English for the first time, My Animals and Flowers bring forth Theodor Lessing's visionary philosophy of need in an idiosyncratic series of musings on the natural world, which range from light-hearted to darkly shadowed. Full of imagination, wit, and insight into the nature and history of living species, they demonstrate Lessing's brilliant ability to combine biological observation with social, psychological, political, historical, educational, and above all, philosophical thoughts.

Grimly pessimistic about human society, Lessing found both a mirror and a refuge in the world of animals and flowers. In observing nature and attributing all type of human characteristics to animals and plants, he exposes the fusing of nature and culture, and - in dialogue with the natural world - confronts a whole cluster of political questions from the question of equality for women and marital fidelity to the pollution of cities and man's destruction of the environment. Much of this work, sketching out the implications of an atomic age for example, has proved uncannily prophetic.

To read this book is to enter into a curious and deeply sensitive world, in which to peer down at a colony of ants is to be reminded of 'giant nations, each in conflict with the others', and to catch a glimpse of bright poppies in a cornfield is to be submerged in a chain of thoughts from St Augustine to David Hume. Amongst the autobiographical reflections, Lessing weaves in critical observations of Western civilization, and critique of human culture as a destructive and disfiguring influence in the natural world. Ultimately, his philosophy of need shows how civilization comes at the expense of nature, ringing true with the climate of our times.

An interdisciplinary array of academics shed light on the rapidly evolving nature of East Asian politics and its uncertain future, reflecting on the region's impact on global events. They analyze how existing political divisions can be exacerbated or calmed by various actors, tariffs, military and civil unrest, and the knock-on effects of major international conflicts. Chapters cover the influence of China's history on contemporary policymaking, the effect of the US-China rivalry on international relations, and the importance of middle-power diplomacy. Contributors assess the changing nature of politics in this critical region and present indications of both emerging economic stresses and growth.

East Asian Politics in a Turbulent Era is an essential resource for scholars and students of Asian politics and policy, international relations and international politics, as well as those specializing in development and policy in East Asia and its interaction with worldwide powers.

A compelling social and political balance-sheet of empire, revealing how former colonies worldwide are still shackled by the legacies of colonial oppression.

Why do some former colonies fail, staggering from crisis to crisis, while others recover? Why did so many succumb to dictatorship, corruption, civil war and instability after independence?

Amal Chatterjee argues that these 'failures' are underpinned by persistent, robust colonial structures which preserve and reproduce the oppressive, exploitative systems of the past. From land ownership to mining, transport networks to education provision, morality to law, many post-colonial institutions function almost exactly as they did under foreign rule, with power still concentrated in the hands of elites, and inequalities baked in. Drawing on a wide range of contemporary and historical material, including memoirs, economic data and administrative documents, Chatterjee explains how empire not only made its colonies into places of extraction and exploitation, but keeps them there today. Offering a truly global account--from the British Empire to the Belgian, from Mexico to Mozambique, from the Sahel to Sri Lanka--he shows how extractive capitalism and colonialism are intertwined, and how human rights and development are hostage to the imperatives of profit-making.

The world built by empire can still be challenged and changed--but to design a new, equitable future for all, we must first understand the legacies of the past.

A comprehensive revision with the latest insights into counterintelligence practices.

Counterintelligence Theory and Practice, Third Edition, is the most comprehensive and authoritative overview of this area of intelligence studies. More than just an update, the third edition is a comprehensive reconsideration of counterintelligence in the face of twenty-first century challenges-with revisions for currency, expanded content, new case studies, and a new chapter on cybersecurity, this text provides readers with the latest insights into counterintelligence practices. From cyber-espionage threats to the intricacies of human intelligence gathering, Hank Prunckun covers not just the "how" but also the "why" behind counterintelligence operations and frames the subject in broader historical, social, and ethical contexts.

The third edition features:
? New Chapter 16 on counterintelligence in authoritarian regimes
? New Chapter 17 on cyber counterintelligence
? New and expanded case studies in nearly every chapter to reinforce the applied lessons
? Deep exploration of the ethical dimensions of counterintelligence, stressing the importance of principled decision-making in safeguarding national interests and corporate assets.
? Interactive exercises and scenarios, to engage readers and hone your analytical and critical thinking abilities through practical applications.
? A multidisciplinary perspective encompassing psychology, technology, international relations, and criminology, making this edition a comprehensive resource for understanding counterintelligence.
? Global examples that explore a wide array of recent and historical counterintelligence operations worldwide

From fundamentals to advanced tactics, this edition covers all counterintelligence aspects, catering to professionals, academics, and students alike.

What have been the fundamental shifts in Japanese society over the past decade? And what has remained the same? What will the country look like in five years from now?

Introducing you to all aspects of Japanese society, culture, politics, economy, geography and history, this book guides you through the country's enduring features, recent trends and the most interesting areas of analysis:

- Gender roles, gender fluidity and LBGTQ identities: including coverage of singledom and the changing nature of family life
- Changing demographics: considering the impact of increased immigration from China and Vietnam coupled with a falling birth rate and declining indigenous population
- The current state of Japanese politics: analysing the dominance of the LDP and the legacy of Shinzo Abe
- Reflections on contemporary Japanese culture: discussing the politics of education, the role of the media and the online sphere, new social movements, environmentalism
- Trends in Japan's external relations: looking at the LDP's increased defence spending, the continued rise of China and Russia's war in Ukraine.

With case studies, the latest data and lively debate, Contemporary Japan is essential reading if you are studying any aspect of Japanese sociology, politics, history, culture or language, or if you are simply interested in learning more about the country.

This book offers a compelling re-examination of Mao Zedong's political authority, giving readers a clear understanding and full picture of Mao, the politics of his era and the political life of the CCP.

The widespread view holds that Mao was an authoritarian leader, enjoying what was called absolute leadership authority. This book reveals that in fact from the late 1950s onwards, the CCP leadership was deeply fractured, during a period when China's internal political and economic dynamics and its external existential conditions were very complex. By analysing four major interconnected challenges to Mao's governing decisions and leadership imposed by senior military leaders from the late 1950s to the mid-1970s, the book introduces the concept of a braking mechanism within the CCP during Mao's era, preventing the newly created PRC and its resource distribution rules and patterns from collapse.

Including in-depth textual analysis of documentary sources while contributing to the debate about Mao's authority and political power, this book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of modern Chinese history and political science.

There is no silver bullet for the climate crisis-but that hasn't stopped people searching. Seizing its chance, the nuclear power industry wants us to believe that theirs is the only technical fix for our deliverance. The public, politicians and the media have been easily swayed.

This should come as no surprise. After all, the pro-nuclear PR campaign is richly funded and has an army of lobbyists sowing myths while the industry reaps the rewards of taxpayer-funded subsidies.

No To Nuclear calls the industry's bluff. Blasting aside its claims to be safe and green, Linda Pentz Gunter makes the irresistible case that nuclear power is too slow, too expensive, too dangerous and too integrally connected to the nuclear weapons complex, to serve as a rational energy choice.

The book also delves into the lives of Indigenous peoples and communities of colour, who have been harmed the most by the nuclear sector, and questions whether the way we devalue nature and the environment is costing us the chance of a genuinely just energy transition.

An original conceptual approach to the study of war, attempting to capture the entire phenomenon of military adaptation-whether strategic, institutional or in the field.

The unravelling of the post-Cold War order has intensified geopolitical tensions, driving a global increase in defence spending. Most military organisations are engaged in a process of drastic transformation, trying to scale their activities, learn from contemporary battlefields, and improve readiness. Yet armed forces engaged in such reforms must solve a major dilemma: how to adapt to an uncertain future without losing their current identity, coherence or operational effectiveness.

In this incisive and timely study, Olivier Schmitt explores how modern militaries adapt, or fail to adapt, to evolving threats, technologies and political constraints. Drawing on global case-studies--from the trenches of Ukraine to the halls of the People's Liberation Army leadership--he investigates how social expectations, political constraints and organisational cultures collide in the worldwide quest to reform the military.

Essential reading for defence professionals, policymakers and scholars of international security, Preparing for War equips readers with the tools to grasp not only the 'how' but the 'why' behind military transformation. In an era of rising defence budgets and shrinking certainties, this book delivers crucial insights into the future of war--and the institutions that must be ready for it.