This textbook offers a step-by-step introduction to the fundamentals of data analysis. It begins with descriptive analyses, moves on to linear regression, and then covers more advanced and sophisticated statistical models. Using the freely available statistical software R, the analyses are implemented in a clear and practical manner to make the theoretical concepts more tangible. In addition, the author introduces Quarto Markdown - a tool that significantly simplifies the technical aspects of writing seminar papers, bachelor's and master's theses. Exercises at the end of each chapter encourage readers to apply the material covered and dig deeper on their own. The book is primarily intended for students in the social sciences.

The English translation of this book, originally in German, was facilitated by artificial intelligence. The content was later revised by the author for accuracy.

This book analyses how anti-state or counterpublics have emerged across mediated and physical spaces to respond to the state-led narrative of Pakistani identity. It aims to trace the rise of counterpublic spheres and anti-establishment discourses across different arenas-Twitter, YouTube, and local coffee houses. These spaces, both individually and collectively, offer unprecedented affordances that challenge traditionally immutable subjects such as the use of blasphemy as a political tool, nationalism, and national identity in Muslim contexts. As such, these counterpublic spheres have created opportunities for episodic deliberation on national identity and religion, and on how both shape the individual and collective identity of the Pakistani nation.

This book - a two-volume work -reexamines the development of sociology during the Weimar Republic, characterising it as a period of remarkable theoretical, institutional, and disciplinary vitality. Contrary to conventional assumptions, sociology experienced a dynamic phase of professionalisation and differentiation during this period, establishing itself both as an academic discipline and as a practice of societal self-reflection in a time of economic, political, social, and cultural upheaval. By engaging with the crises of democracy, capitalism, new media, modernity, relativism, intellectual life, and identity, sociology came to play a crucial orienting role within Weimar society.

The professional self-examination of modern society that this initiated continues to yield valuable insights into how social and historical processes unfold in modern societies. As such, studying sociology during the Weimar period is not just of interest to historians of science; it remains highly relevant to anyone seeking to understand the dynamics and structures of contemporary modern societies.

Volume 2 examines how sociology in the Weimar Republic positioned itself in response to the economic, political, social, and intellectual crises of modernity. Set against a backdrop of fragmentation, relativism, and a perceived absence of normative foundations, the book traces key debates over how sociology might provide coherence and direction. One section considers the theoretical approaches developed to challenge historicism and epistemic uncertainty. Another investigates the emergence of a sociology of intellectuals, reflecting on the role of thought leaders in a society marked by polarisation and ideological upheaval. A third section explores sociological analyses of the era's central crises-democracy under strain, capitalism in turmoil, the ambivalence of individualisation, and the longing for community and cultural meaning. Across these responses, the volume reveals sociology's self-understanding as a science of orientation and societal reflection - an ambition that remains as urgent today as it was in the Weimar era.

This book - a two-volume work -reexamines the development of sociology during the Weimar Republic, characterising it as a period of remarkable theoretical, institutional, and disciplinary vitality. Contrary to conventional assumptions, sociology experienced a dynamic phase of professionalisation and differentiation during this period, establishing itself both as an academic discipline and as a practice of societal self-reflection in a time of economic, political, social, and cultural upheaval. By engaging with the crises of democracy, capitalism, new media, modernity, relativism, intellectual life, and identity, sociology came to play a crucial orienting role within Weimar society.

The professional self-examination of modern society that this initiated continues to yield valuable insights into how social and historical processes unfold in modern societies. As such, studying sociology during the Weimar period is not just of interest to historians of science; it remains highly relevant to anyone seeking to understand the dynamics and structures of contemporary modern societies.

Volume 1 provides a thorough account of the development of sociology during the Weimar Republic-a period marked by rapid institutional expansion, theoretical innovation, and disciplinary consolidation within sociology. The book traces how sociology established itself as an autonomous academic field, with the formation of new university departments, professional associations, and vibrant centres of research and debate. Key figures and intellectual networks are examined in the context of wider socio-political change. The volume also considers the fate of German sociology under National Socialism and in exile, showing how forced migration not only disrupted developments at home but also facilitated the international dissemination and influence of Weimar-era ideas. Far from being marginal or fragmented, Weimar sociology is presented here as a dynamic and ambitious enterprise-one that played a formative role in shaping the discipline as we know it today.

In the year 2000, the presidents of Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia agreed to construct the Interoceanic Highway as part of the Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America. Instead of bringing the promised economic benefits to the shared triple-frontier Amazonian region, the highway facilitated trade in extracted natural resources as well as a traffic in women. Centering "traffic" as both an analytic and a method, Ruth E. Goldstein argues that projects like this 3,500-mile highway have deeply gendered effects, reorganizing political economies of sex, nature, kinship, and care. Life in Traffic underscores how markets for women, plants, and gold are not just intersecting phenomena but historically co-constituted economies. Amazonian extractive industries, too, have global ramifications for a warming planet: as rainforests disappear, so do the oxygen-creating, carbon-sequestering, and life-sustaining abilities of Mother Earth.

It would be difficult to imagine the economic developments of the modern era without scientific knowledge. It was scientific disciplines like physics and chemistry that made the economic dynamics that followed industrialization possible in the first place, while disciplines like medicine played all kinds of roles in the economic process. This volume delves into the interplay between science and the economy since the advent of modernity.

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.

The Future in Their Hands is a deep history of the politics of foreign education in Mexico, where many influential figures have degrees from European or US institutions. Reconstructing the history of student mobility from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth century, Rachel Grace Newman unveils the social hierarchies, political languages, and institutional mechanisms that created Mexico's foreign-educated elite. Study abroad began as a private phenomenon for young elites to acquire specific forms of knowledge and to preserve their status. But after the 1910 revolution, elites gradually convinced the Mexican state, under the guise of modernizing the nation, to underwrite their ambitions with merit-based scholarships. Student mobility naturalized the expectation that Mexico's sovereignty and development required knowledge from elsewhere. For historians of Mexico and other countries with foreign-educated elites, this book reveals the subtle, insidious processes by which states reinforce privilege through education policy.

The Injustice of Fairness shifts the foundation of algorithmic ethics, displacing "fairness" with repair and redress. A substantial and growing field, algorithmic ethics aims to mitigate harms and realize social good. The fairness paradigm dominates this field across AI, machine learning, and other data-driven domains. So far, efforts toward fairness have been unsuccessful, with algorithmic harms that propagate and persist. Jenny L. Davis and Apryl A. Williams explain why algorithmic fairness perpetually fails and present "algorithmic reparation" in its place.

The stakes are high because algorithms are everywhere-from law to love, healthcare to housing, education to media, and beyond. More than lines of code or mathematical operations, algorithms carry history, configure the present, and are actively shaping the future. Set against a backdrop of societal instability and technological transformation, The Injustice of Fairness offers a careful critique, original framework, and blueprint for social change with algorithms as entry points and levers.

This book is about words that fool us into thinking that the digital technologies we use every day are beautiful, benign, and consequence-free. The collection shows how metaphors used by Big Tech to promote digital technologies are reductive or misleading. With a commitment to social justice, the contributors rename digital technologies in order to subvert Big Tech's branding. Each chapter discusses a specific technology, rechristening it in a way that points explicitly to the social and political harms it is associated with. The alternative vocabularies that are proposed draw attention to what these technologies bring about, providing a means of resisting Silicon Valley's claims about what people and organisations should buy and experience.

There is no time period or theme that promotes more engagement, by both Chinese historians and historians of China, than what the Peoples Republic of China describes as "the century of humiliation," the period of the "unequal treaties," in which first Qing and then Republican China found themselves penetrated systematically by external Great Powers ? which then integrated China, on terms largely not of its own choosing, into a now global political economic order. This created the modern "China Question": how would an emerging China fit into a new world order that it entered through the intercessions of others? But there is at least one very important dimension that remains underexplored: the perceptions, policies, views, and agendas of the "metropolitan authorities" among the external Great Powers. This book will argue that it is enlightening to examine a particular kind of individual involved: one who worked in China, either as a sojourner or for a career, and, while in China, had a direct responsibility that moved in two directions: having to answer up to some sort of higher authority or body in their "home country," while also exercising direct responsibilities in China, including daily contact with the Chinese population.

In 1976, the Supreme Court affirmed incarcerated people's right to healthcare under the Eighth Amendment. Wards of the State examines the everyday instantiation of incarcerated people's right to healthcare within a men's maximum-security prison in Pennsylvania. Drawing on two years of ethnographic fieldwork, Nicholas Iacobelli observes how the prison's medical unit operates as a "ward of the state"-a space that reproduces the state's ideological commitment to punishment through its obligation to provide care. Incarcerated men are also cast as wards of the state, becoming its biological and financial property. These dynamics result in complex systems of dependence, refusal, and skepticism-and troubling ideas of what constitutes health and illness in prison. Despite this, the right to care also opens spaces for men to envision futures and make both personal and structural appeals to justice.

Given an unpredictable criminal legal system and a fraying social safety net, sexual violence victims increasingly turn to civil lawsuits to find justice. They sue offenders and responsible organizations directly, seeking recognition, resources, and reform. But at what cost? Benjamin R. Weiss uses in-depth interviews and legal case analysis to reveal how the civil legal system's reliance on financial compensation to remedy sexual harm limits who can seek civil justice and on what terms. He shows that instead of delivering justice, the process often deepens inequalities and compounds suffering, especially for those most in need. In The Price of Justice, Weiss offers victims, advocates, and academics alike an astute assessment of the law's promise to rectify harm and redistribute power-and inspires readers to imagine what it would take to meet all victims' needs and drive lasting social change.

Populism has fundamentally altered many aspects of world politics. As President Donald J. Trump's recent threats to U.S. allies and his imposition of wide-ranging tariffs have made all too clear, "populist" leaders can have a major impact not just on domestic but also foreign policy.
The first edition of Populism and Word Politics was the first book-length treatment of populism from an International Relations (IR) perspective. The second edition reflects the continuation and evolution of populism in world politics, and includes a new introduction, updated chapters and an additional contribution on populist security narratives.
Written by leading experts in the field, the chapters in this volume explore the many ways populism and world politics intersect, including the importance of populist leadership and global media as well as populism's impact on trade and the liberal international order.
Presented in an accessible and clear style, this book is an essential resource for students and IR scholars, as well as practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.

How goods and people in motion across the ancient world were entangled through consumption

The ancient world was a far more interconnected place than is often assumed. Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean, by no means peripheral, made these connections possible. In Sea of Treasures, Jeremy Simmons puts forth an entirely new perspective on Indian Ocean commerce, starting with commodities of trade and the patterns of consumption that resulted from their importation. Looking beyond the mechanics of long-distance travel or the economics of "Indo-Roman" exchange, Simmons considers the consequences of objects in motion: how Indian Ocean imports shaped the lives of humans throughout the wider ancient world. In his exploration of textual and archaeological sources from both the Mediterranean basin and the Indian subcontinent, he traces a series of sensuous and intellectual engagements that entangled people and things both tangible and intangible, from spices, coins, and gemstones to information and artistic style.

Each chapter addresses a different encounter and its experiential effects, including Roman outrage at Indian Ocean products; ingestion of consumables such as spices and alcohol; adornment and its sociocultural value; indirect exposure to luxury goods and the proliferation of imitations; and elite access to knowledge about treasured commodities. Drawing on theoretical discussions relating to objects, their material composition, and their roles in human activity, Simmons offers a cultural history of Indian Ocean trade through a holistic understanding of consumption. By interrogating long-held assumptions about Mediterranean dominance in Indian Ocean trade, Simmons expands our understanding of a global Afro-Eurasian world-one that afforded relationships with an ever-widening array of things.

This edited volume examines pathways toward achieving peaceful and sustainable futures, drawing from diverse case studies and conceptual frameworks. As the fourth in a well-received series, it builds upon established research while addressing the practical connections between peace and sustainability. The theme of the book was deeply examined and thoughtfully interrogated at the NERPS 2025 conference in Manila, where researchers and practitioners gathered to discuss these crucial intersections. At the heart of this book is the matter of how environmental sustainability and peace support each other-a connection that deserves greater attention in both research and policy. The collection compiles global perspectives, providing empirical evidence that integrated approaches to peace and sustainability yield more effective outcomes than when these objectives are pursued independently. Contributors analyze various initiatives across educational systems, governance structures, community organizations, and technological innovations to identify both challenges and opportunities for progress. By examining real-world examples, the volume offers insights into successful interventions as well as persistent barriers. This work provides researchers, policymakers, and practitioners with knowledge that can help address interconnected challenges of conflict and environmental change.

This book explores how public history, a field developing globally, is gaining attention in Japan and being incorporated into existing Japanese academic studies and practices. Public history in Japan is conducted through an interdisciplinary approach, involving not only history but also folklore, sociology, cultural studies, and tourism studies.

Introducing the perspective of public history means more than just applying an imported discipline to Japan; it involves a broad reconsideration of existing scholarly research and practices. Part I of the book provides an overview of the current state of academia in Japan as described above. Part II presents several case studies of public history practices, digital public history, and museums and archives dealing with difficult aspects of the past such as minority issues and environmental pollution in postwar Japan.

This book not only illustrates the current state of public history in Japan but also offers a glimpse into the internationalization of today's public history, fostering active exchanges among researchers and practitioners worldwide.

This book investigates the groundbreaking diplomatic breakthrough between Saudi Arabia and Iran, mediated by China in March 2023-a striking departure from the traditional Western-dominated diplomatic processes that have long shaped the Middle East. This pivotal moment reflects a complex interplay of strategic calculations, domestic pressures, and shifting geopolitical realities, with far-reaching implications for regional and global power dynamics. The analysis unpacks the reasons why Saudi Arabia-a key regional actor-chose China, rather than a Western power, to mediate its rapprochement with Iran, an enduring rival. It investigates Riyadh's strategic priorities, recalibration of foreign policy, and the broader context of its regional ambitions. Simultaneously, the book explores Iran's motivations for embracing a China-brokered deal, examining how domestic economic challenges, regime stability, and diplomatic isolation influenced its decision to pursue a thaw in relations with Saudi Arabia. By situating this diplomatic realignment within the broader decline of Western influence in the Middle East, the book highlights how new patterns of engagement are emerging-ones that often bypass traditional Western channels in favor of authoritarian-led mediation. In doing so, it offers insight into the circumstances under which authoritarian states prefer third-party mediation by fellow authoritarian regimes-and when such arrangements produce the most durable outcomes. Ultimately, the book offers a novel perspective on the evolving nature of diplomacy in a multipolar world, where emerging powers like China are reshaping the geopolitical landscape through pragmatic, interest-based engagement.