Kenneth W. Noe's Abraham Lincoln and the Heroic Legend boldly questions the long-accepted notion that the sixteenth president was an almost-perfect commander in chief, more intelligent than his generals. The legend originated with Lincoln himself, who early in the war concluded that he possessed a keen strategic and tactical mind. Noe explores the genesis of this powerful idea and asks why so many have tenaciously defended it.

George McClellan, Lincoln's top general, emerged in Lincoln's mind and the American psyche as his chief adversary, and to this day, the Lincoln-McClellan relationship remains central to the enduring legend. Lincoln came to view himself as a wiser warrior than McClellan, and as the war proceeded, a few members of Lincoln's inner circle began to echo the president's thoughts on his military prowess. Convinced of his own tactical brilliance, Lincoln demanded that Ulysses Grant, McClellan's replacement, turn to the "hard, tough fighting" of the Overland and Petersburg campaigns, when Grant's first instinct was to copy McClellan and swing into the Confederate rear.

Noe suggests that the growth and solidification of the heroic legend began with Lincoln's assassination; it debuted in print only months afterward and was so cloaked in religious piety that for decades it could not withstand the counternarratives offered by secular contemporaries. Although the legend was debated and neglected at times, it reemerged in interwar Great Britain and gained canonical status in the 1950s Cold War era and during the Civil War Centennial of the 1960s. Historians became torchbearers of the heroic legend and much else that we know about Lincoln, reorienting his biography forever. Based on lessons and language from the world wars, their arguments were so timely and powerful that they seized the field. Since then, biographers and historians have reevaluated many aspects of Lincoln's life, but have rarely revisited his performance as commander in chief. Noe's reappraisal is long overdue.

Capitalism during the American colonial era was an economic system known primarily for dispossessing and exploiting Indigenous peoples. Some Indigenous nations, however, learned to use its primary features-wealth accumulation, private investment, and a globalized marketplace-to strengthen their families and defend their communities. The Chickasaws of the American Southeast exemplified these Indigenous capitalists.

To Be Men of Business examines the Chickasaw Nation's education in business and commerce, adaptation to a capitalist economy, and survival by maneuvering in the market economy established by settlers in North America. The Chickasaw Nation, initially a subsistence-oriented society, first entered the Atlantic market economy in the late 1600s through the Native American slave trade, when Chickasaw men's participation in slave raiding brought significant material gains and introduced their families to European goods. Over the course of two hundred years, Chickasaw families adopted aspects of capitalist culture while retaining elements of their own foundational culture norms.

The Chickasaw Nation's economic history provides a case study of how a noncapitalist society integrated itself into an increasingly capitalist atmosphere. Amid this economic shift, Chickasaw leaders worked to protect their people from predatory white traders and officials by sending their children to mission schools for English literacy and resisting efforts by the U.S government to gain land cessions from the Chickasaw people. Business and commerce literacy also allowed the Chickasaw Nation some control over their forced migration, and the protective economic institutions Chickasaw leaders established became the basis for a revived Chickasaw national identity following removal from their homeland.

How should we remember George Washington's entanglement in slavery? Americans have argued over that question for nearly 250 years. More than any other Founding Father, Washington's ties to slavery have vexed us. He enslaved more people than any of his fellow founders, yet he was the only one of them to emancipate the people he held in bondage. Since his death, Americans have grappled with this contradiction, shaping and reshaping our collective memory of Washington and slavery-along with our understanding of the nation.

In?Thy Will Be Done, historian John Garrison?Marks?tells the story of Americans' long, fraught struggle to come to terms with Washington's legacy of slavery. He traces how politicians, abolitionists, educators, activists, Washington's former slaves and their descendants, and others have remembered, forgotten, and manipulated slavery's place in Washington's story, and how they have wielded versions of that story in the political and cultural fights of their time.?Marks?shows how generational struggles over our collective memory of Washington and slavery have always been part of a bigger conversation about defining the United States and its people. As debates about the founders' participation in the system of slavery continue to roil public discourse,?Marks?shows with new clarity that Americans have never collectively reconciled Washington's conflicted legacy. By truly grappling with Washington's role as enslaver and emancipator we may come to better understand the nation and ourselves.

"I too am not a bit tamed-I too am untranslatable / I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world." -Walt Whitman, "Song of Myself"

The American Yawp is a free, online, collaboratively written American history textbook. Over 500 historians contributed their expertise to create the book they wanted for their own students-an accessible, synthetic narrative that reflects the best of recent historical scholarship and provides a jumping-off point for discussions in the U.S. history classroom and beyond.

Long before Whitman and long after, Americans have sung something collectively amid the deafening roar of their many individual voices. The American Yawp highlights the dynamism and conflict inherent in the history of the United States, while also looking for the common threads that help us make sense of the past. Without losing sight of politics and power, this book incorporates transnational perspectives, integrates diverse voices, recovers narratives of resistance, and explores the complex process of cultural creation. It looks for America in crowded slave cabins, bustling markets, congested tenements, and marbled halls.

This Second Edition has been revised and enriched with new material throughout, particularly on Indigenous history, Mexican American history, and twenty-first century American history. A revised chapter structure improves the chronological flow of the narrative.

The fully peer-reviewed edition of The American Yawp is available in two print volumes designed for the U.S. history survey course. Volume 2 opens with Reconstruction, before moving through the twentieth century as the country reckoned with economic crises, world wars, and social, cultural, and political upheaval at home, bringing the narrative up to the present.

Balancing academic rigor with popular readability, this book offers a multi-layered, democratic approach to the American past, and enables students to ask their own questions about how the past informs the problems and opportunities we confront today.

"I too am not a bit tamed-I too am untranslatable / I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world." -Walt Whitman, "Song of Myself"

The American Yawp is a free, online, collaboratively written American history textbook. Over 500 historians contributed their expertise to create the book they wanted for their own students-an accessible, synthetic narrative that reflects the best of recent historical scholarship and provides a jumping-off point for discussions in the U.S. history classroom and beyond.

Long before Whitman and long after, Americans have sung something collectively amid the deafening roar of their many individual voices. The American Yawp highlights the dynamism and conflict inherent in the history of the United States, while also looking for the common threads that help us make sense of the past. Without losing sight of politics and power, this book incorporates transnational perspectives, integrates diverse voices, recovers narratives of resistance, and explores the complex process of cultural creation. It looks for America in crowded slave cabins, bustling markets, congested tenements, and marbled halls.

This Second Edition has been revised and enriched with new material throughout, particularly on Indigenous history, Mexican American history, and twenty-first century American history. A revised chapter structure improves the chronological flow of the narrative.

The fully peer-reviewed edition of The American Yawp is available in two print volumes designed for the U.S. history survey course. Volume 1 begins with the indigenous people who called the Americas home before chronicling the collision of Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. This volume traces the development of colonial society in the context of the larger Atlantic World and investigates the origins and ruptures of slavery, the American Revolution, and the new nation's development and rebirth through the Civil War and Reconstruction.

Balancing academic rigor with popular readability, this book offers a multi-layered, democratic approach to the American past, and enables students to ask their own questions about how the past informs the problems and opportunities we confront today.

Offers a panoramic view of New York City in the 1920s, uncovering hidden histories from within entertainment, politics, arts, technology, and the law.

Hidden Histories of Jazz Age New York offers a fresh look at 1920s New York City, unearthing stories of everyday life and marginalized communities. In sections that intertwine entertainment, politics, art, technology, crime, shopping, eating, and recreation, the book portrays sweeping events such as the Harlem Renaissance, Prohibition, and immigration reform through anecdotes of individual experiences that counter the era's popular conceptions of ballooning wealth and uproarious celebration. Jonathan Ezra Goldman's whirlwind tour of early 1920s New York City visits an all-female police platoon, a Black amusement park shut down before it opened, an Arabic literary salon, socialist Puerto Rican cigar factories, Chinatown funerals, lesbian cafes, overcrowded jails, toxic dumps, and Ku Klux Klan recruitment offices. The grand narratives of the 1920s interweave with little-known anecdotes about well-known figures such as Marcus Garvey, Dorothy Parker, and Babe Ruth, serving as a backdrop to the everyday challenges and triumphs of a city beset by crowds, automobile traffic, and rapidly changing technology and urban infrastructure, as well as erased stories of injustices like Jim Crow practices, immigration anxieties, and the violent treatment of political dissent. These stories still resonate today, showing that this dizzying, exuberant ride through hidden history can help twenty-first readers see our own moment more clearly.

How New York State has led the way in expanding freedom for all over the last 250 years.

Revolutionary New York celebrates the 250th anniversary of the American Revolution and the many historical changes that have occurred since, as reflected through the history of the state. This book explores "unfinished revolutions" in the Empire State: the two-and-a-half century struggle to realize the revolution's ideals and bring increased freedom and opportunities to previously marginalized populations. The book presents the pageant of revolutionary New York through sixteen historical stories about conflict, change, and turning points. From the initial settlement of the region through the state's first constitution, through struggles for civil and equal rights, women's rights and gay rights, through innovations in industry and commerce, to the crises 9/11 and COVID, New York has charted its own course. It has often led the nation toward expanding its peoples' rights. These are inspirational, against-the-odds stories where a determined individual or a group struggled against the status quo to improve social conditions, move toward equality, or effect social justice. Most are about ordinary New Yorkers who rose to the occasion in their time and achieved extraordinary results. And though drawn from over 250 years of history, these stories resonate today, where some of the same issues linger, though in different form. New York seems to be always undertaking, in the midst of, or finishing some sort of revolution. Restless New Yorkers rarely accept the status quo but rather are inclined to alter the state of affairs to (hopefully) make things better. In New York, the revolution never ends.

Richard Pipes was a longtime Harvard University professor, historian of Imperial and Soviet Russia, and influential Soviet expert during the Cold War. A towering figure in his field, Pipes produced work that shaped the study of Russian and Soviet history, and he influenced U.S. foreign policy as a public intellectual and political advisor, including as a member of the National Security Council during the Reagan administration. At the same time, Pipes was a controversial figure; his tendency to swim against the intellectual tide and challenge consensus views alienated some colleagues and angered others.

In this biography, Daly cuts through the controversy surrounding Pipes to present a nuanced portrait of his life, thinking, and the philosophical and ethical principles that underpinned his work. Placing Pipes' scholarship and political career in the context of Russian studies, U.S.-Soviet relations, and the Cold War, Daly elucidates Pipes' impact, and argues that his broad learning, keen historical judgment, and humanistic approach permitted him to attain a deep understanding of Russia's historical and contemporary development that continues to resonate today.

What do Buffalo Bill and Gustave Eiffel have in common? These celebrities are both part of Venita Datta's analysis of competing notions of modernity and French-American relations at the turn of the twentieth century. Fin-de-siecle France saw itself as the premier modern country. A pioneer in the aviation and cinema industries, its capital Paris was home to the cultural avant-garde. Nonetheless, the French harbored ambivalent feelings toward modernity and expressed their critiques of a certain type of modernity by denigrating it as "American."

To understand this ambivalence, Datta effectively contrasts four pairs of exemplary French and American figures: inventor-entrepreneurs Gustave Eiffel and Thomas Edison, reporters Nellie Bly and Gaston Leroux, celebrity politicians Georges Boulanger and Theodore Roosevelt, and adventurers Buffalo Bill and the Marquis de Mores. Through an examination of the differences in French perceptions of these famous pairs, Datta illustrates that they highlight competing values rooted in national identity, and reflect each nation's struggles with democracy. Filled with fascinating characters and detail, Datta's book illuminates both the rivalries between France and the United States and their deep connections at an important yet understudied moment in history. The legacy of these complex Franco-American cultural relations is profoundly relevant to the challenges contemporary democracies face today.

Wetlands-particularly swamps-have evoked contradictory responses from different groups in the United States, from the early republic to the end of World War I. White, enslaved, and Indigenous peoples alternately envisioned swamps as future agricultural paradises, uninhabitable wastelands, portals to freedom, spaces to gather vital resources, eugenic sanctuaries, and future homes for settlers. This contested, evolving thinking shaped how Americans interacted with swamps, and Perilous Waters addresses how those interactions influenced their management.

Anthony E. Carlson shows how settlers demonized swamps as one of the gravest environmental impediments to agricultural expansion and the establishment of secure and stable communities. In doing so, they enlisted the knowledge, resources, and authority of the state to organize institutions that enabled drainage and erased any vestiges of prior occupation and usage. By the mid-nineteenth century, drainage had become a paramount public policy objective, giving rise to new social institutions and the mobilization of state resources to assist settlers in fashioning dry, healthy, and domesticated landscapes. After 1900, all levels of government worked to implement cooperative social institutions and systemize environmental and technological knowledge to facilitate drainage and accelerate the transformation of the nation's wet spaces into farms and crop fields.

The world has changed since the 1930s, but human nature has not. What can we learn when comparing far-right populism in the United States to far-right populism elsewhere? How can we better understand the underlying ideas and ideologies that seem to transcend time and place? How can we best address them? How can we communicate what we have learned about these issues to those outside of academia? These are the central questions in the three-part conversation of Fascist Legacies.

The first part of the book examines the rise of authoritarianism in Europe, the United States, and Latin America; the second part analyzes aspects of the far right and discusses the best strategies for teaching about fascism; and the third part focuses on the relationship between white nationalism, individual Christian churches in the United States, and antisemitism in the past and present. By discussing different aspects of the current global rise of right-wing populism, Fascist Legacies helps readers better understand what is happening in our societies.

In the wake of the First World War, Central Europe saw the birth of new republics and hope for democratic renewal. Women and working-class representatives entered parliaments for the first time, and lawmakers found themselves at the centre of a rapidly changing political landscape. This book explores the lives, work, and networks of interwar parliamentarians, focusing on their navigation of political sociability and their evolving roles on the international stage.

Challenging the common narrative of the 1920s and 1930s as an era of insurmountable political division, A Continent of Colleagues delves into the behind-the-scenes world of European politics. Drawing on diaries, letters, calendars, and memoirs from politicians across Germany, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, and beyond, historian James McSpadden reconstructs the informal networks and personal relationships that shaped parliamentary life. These cross-party and global connections facilitated legislation, diplomacy, and even personal favours.

This book depicts how moderate voices were sidelined and cooperation declined as political parties radicalized. Political debate retreated to private spaces, making governance easier but widening the gap between politicians and the public. A Continent of Colleagues demonstrates how this shift contributed to the rise of anti-democratic movements that later plunged the world into war.

Nach 1750 wurden verstaerkt Zeitschriften gegruendet, die sich auf wenige oder einzelne Wissenschaften bzw. Wissensgebiete konzentrierten. Solche Fachjournale eigneten sich besonders dazu, der fachspezifisch interessierten Oeffentlichkeit neues Wissen schnell zugaenglich zu machen. Als periodisch erscheinende Publikationen boten sie ein mediales Format fuer kuerzere Texte, die keiner monografischen Ausarbeitung bedurften. Ihr grosser Vorzug lag zudem in der schnellen und relativ unkomplizierten Vernetzung der Gelehrten. In praxeologischer Hinsicht etablierten sie sich als Instrumente der Wissens- und Wissenschaftskonstitution: Sie selektierten, bewerteten und distribuierten neue Wissensbestaende ? potenziell fuer alle Interessierten.

Trotz der evidenten Bedeutung von Fachzeitschriften ist ihre Entwicklung im deutschen Sprachraum nach wie vor wenig erforscht. Der Band versammelt Beitraege, die den Begriff der Fachzeitschrift diskutieren und verschiedene Aspekte ihrer fruehen Geschichte untersuchen.

Rebels and Regimes presents a global view of the nature of violent resistance throughout the nineteenth century. The volume's breadth and scope reveal commonalities and differences among regimes and insurgents in their different contexts, offering a view that the participants themselves never had. The collection is composed of ten essays, each focused on a specific conflict or period of colonial overreach: imperialist efforts against Caribbean maroons, the Peninsular War, the Second Seminole War, the Taiping Rebellion, the American Civil War, Russian imperial expansion, British imperial expansion in both India and South Africa, the War of the Triple Alliance, and the Dutch-Aceh War.

Using a comparative approach to show how established regimes fought rebels, the volume emphasizes the importance of race, political rhetoric, and historians' paradigms in understanding nineteenth-century violence. As the collection demonstrates, comparing violence and histories of violence at a global level provides significant historiographic value. Case studies of two or three conflicts abound, but the increasing web of connections-economic, cultural, political, and military-across national communities in this era demands a more comprehensive framing.

At an analytical level, the volume lays bare the usefulness and limitations of traditional concepts used to study war, from Eastern and Western ways of war to regular and irregular fighting methods to symmetric and asymmetric warfare. A comparative approach at this scale drives home the characteristic savagery of established regimes, the intentionality in guerrilla violence, and the historian's need to keep the present and the past in view. The essays also remind us of the importance of military thought and violence as one of the axes of globalization in the nineteenth century, something that scholars of globalization have rarely recognized.

Andrew Fialka and Aaron Sheehan-Dean, "Military History, Global History, and the Mid-Nineteenth Century"

Marcus Nevius, "Little Wars and the Imperial Competition for Sovereignty in the Maroon Caribbean During the Age of Revolutions"

Charles Esdaile, "'War to the Knife?': Spanish Guerrillas Reappraised"

Samuel Watson, "The Complex Character of the Second Seminole War"

Zhenman Ye, "On the March to Victory: Irregular Warfare and the Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864"

Joseph Beilein, "The Word Is Not the Thing: A Short Biography of 'Irregular Warfare' in the American Civil War"

Ian Campbell, "Colonial Warfare as Irregular Warfare: Conflict on the Imperial Russian Borderlands During the Nineteenth Century"

Gavin Rand, "'The Surf That Marks the Edge and Advance of Civilization': Frontier Wars in Colonial South Asia"

Vitor Izecksohn, "The Campaign of Cordilleras in the War of the Triple Alliance, 1869-1870: Resistance or Suicide?"

Jacob Ivey, "'A Pretorian Guard of Savages': African Troops and the Implementation of Formal and Informal Order in Nineteenth-Century Natal"

Josh Gedeacht, "Harnessing Mobility for Colonial Counterinsurgency: The Case of the Dutch-Aceh War in Southeast Asia, 1873-1904"

The JPS Hebrew-English TANAKH Revised Edition renews and revises the iconic Jewish Publication Society Bible translation, enabling readers to experience the Hebrew Bible with all the power and precision of the original Hebrew text.

Using the English translation first published in JPS's landmark 2023 volume The JPS TANAKH: Gender-Sensitive Edition, along with the Hebrew text, this landmark Revised Edition clarifies archaic or unclear English language and ritual terminology to offer a more accurate understanding of the Bible's meaning. It presents gender-inclusive renderings where appropriate and gendered ones when called for historically and linguistically, incorporating the best of contemporary research on the subjects of Israelite history and religion, literary studies, philology, linguistics, and the social sciences to offer a faithful and accurate translation.

References to persons are gender sensitive yet consistent with ancient gender norms, and the translation strives for inclusive language when referring broadly to people, ancestors, and humankind. References to God are typically gender neutral and generally avoid grammatically masculine pronouns and labels, with careful examination of each context yielding the most appropriate rendering. To enable the Tetragrammaton (God's four-letter name) to be encountered as a name and without masculine connotations, the edition typically translates it as "God" (in small capitals) rather than "the Lord."

By integrating advances in scholarship and changes in English while maintaining utmost fidelity to the original Hebrew, the Revised Edition of the venerable JPS Tanakh translation is sure to become the new Bible translation of choice for readers who embrace biblical scholarship with reverence for tradition, and for communities and individuals who adopt an inclusive perspective in today's world.