Digital Anthropology, 2nd Edition explores how human and digital can be explored in relation to one another within issues as diverse as social media use, virtual worlds, hacking, quantified self, blockchain, digital environmentalism and digital representation. The book challenges the prevailing moral universal of "the digital age" by exploring emergent anxieties about the global spread of new technological forms, the cultural qualities of digital experience, critically examining the intersection of the digital to new concepts and practices across a wide range of fields from design to politics.

In this fully revised edition, Digital Anthropology reveals how the intense scrutiny of ethnography can overturn assumptions about the impact of digital culture and reveal its profound consequences for everyday life around the world. Combining case studies with theoretical discussion in an engaging style that conveys a passion for new frontiers of enquiry within anthropological study, this will be essential reading for students and scholars interested in theory of anthropology, media and information studies, communication studies and sociology. With a brand-new Introduction from editors Haidy Geismar and Hannah Knox, as well as an abridged version of the original Introduction by Heather Horst and Daniel Miller, in conjunction with new chapters on hacking and digitizing environments, amongst others, and fully revised chapters throughout, this will bring the field-defining overview of digital anthropology fully up to date.

This book addresses the criminalisation of sexually explicit material depicting or describing fictitious characters who appear to be children. It is the first book of its kind to specifically examine the expansion of the law to include fictional representations of children, focusing on the law in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The author explores the potential criminalisation of comics and subgenres of manga that frequently depict childlike characters in a sexual context. Of course, the need to protect children from harm outweighs freedom of expression and the right to privacy; however, this argument is complicated by the material being purely fictional. Does prohibiting the fictional representation of minors interfere with individual freedoms?

Based on a detailed socio-legal study, this book extensively analyses literature and pertinent theories of criminalisation, such as the Harm Principle, Offense Principle, and Legal Moralism. The book will be an invaluable resource for academics and students in various disciplines, including law, criminology, sociology, and psychology. It will also be of interest to fans of fantasy fiction.

Give and Take offers a new history of government in Tokugawa Japan (1600-1868), one that focuses on ordinary subjects: merchants, artisans, villagers, and people at the margins of society such as outcastes and itinerant entertainers. Most of these individuals are now forgotten and do not feature in general histories except as bystanders, protestors, or subjects of exploitation. Yet despite their subordinate status, they actively participated in the Tokugawa polity because the state was built on the principle of reciprocity between privilege-granting rulers and duty-performing status groups. All subjects were part of these local, self-governing associations whose members shared the same occupation. Tokugawa rulers imposed duties on each group and invested them with privileges, ranging from occupational monopolies and tax exemptions to external status markers. Such reciprocal exchanges created permanent ties between rulers and specific groups of subjects that could serve as conduits for future interactions.

This book is the first to explore how high and low people negotiated and collaborated with each other in the context of these relationships. It takes up the case of one domain-Ono in central Japan-to investigate the interactions between the collective bodies in domain society as they addressed the problem of poverty.

A recent report by the United Nations has stated that based on mortality figures, India is the world's most dangerous country to be born as a girl.

This book presents a much-needed feminist-economics analysis of the status of females in India, combining empirical and theoretical analysis so as to evaluate and explain key ways in which Indian girls and women are faced with gender inequality during the course of their lives. The book explores sex selective abortion; the gender gap in child nutrition, mortality and morbidity; schooling, education, and child labour; health and fertility; women's labour market participation; violence against women; and married women's status in the household.

The book will be key reading in areas including development economics, South Asian Studies, gender economics and women's studies.

This book is about the "losers" of the Meiji Restoration and the supporters who promoted their legacy. Although the violence of the Meiji Restoration is typically downplayed, the trauma was real, and those who felt marginalized from the mainstream throughout modern Japan looked to these losers as models of action.

Using a wide range of sources, from essays by former Tokugawa supporters like Fukuzawa Yukichi to postwar film and "lost decade" manga, Michael Wert traces the shifting portrayals of Restoration losers. By highlighting the overlooked sites of memory such as legends about buried gold, the awarding of posthumous court rank, or fighting over a disembodied head, Wert illustrates how the process of commemoration and rehabilitation allows individuals a voice in the formation of national history. He argues that the commingling of local memory activists and nationally-known politicians, academics, writers, and treasure hunters formed interconnecting memory landscapes that promoted local figures as potential heroes in modern Japan.

This is the first book to describe the entire developmental history of the human aspects of economics. The issue of "self-interest" is discussed throughout, from pre-Adam Smith to contemporary neuroeconomics, representing a unique contribution to economics. Though the notion of self-interest has been interpreted in several ways by various schools of economics and economists since Smith first placed it at the heart of the field, this is the first book to focus on this important but overlooked topic.

Traditionally, economic theory has presupposed that the core of human behavior is self-interest. Nevertheless, some economists, e.g. recent behavioral economists, have cast doubt on this "self-interested" explanation. Further, though many economists have agreed on the central role of self-interest in economic behavior, each economist's positioning of self-interest in economic theory differs to some degree. This book helps to elucidate the position of self-interest in economic theory.

Given its focus, it is a must-read companion, not only on the history of economic thought but also on economic theory. Furthermore, as today's capitalism is increasingly causing people to wonder just where self-interest lies, it also appeals to general readers.

Chapters offer interdisciplinary perspectives on the topic to stimulate knowledge convergence across dissimilar fields of research, including business studies, economics, psychology and the arts. Following Arthur Koestler's theory of creativity, this insightful book shows how bisociation - the recognition of similarity in the collision of two distinct concepts - can be expressed through boundaries vision and boundaries knowledge, applying these twin concepts to the field of business and management. Focusing on literature related to strategy theory and knowledge creation theory, the book presents a theoretical framework for applying boundaries knowledge and boundaries vision to dynamic capabilities and knowledge creation in business innovation.

Pioneering new frameworks for innovation, this book offers key insights for students and researchers of creativity development across various business-related fields. It will also benefit business leaders and managers, describing a key path to knowledge creation in professional environments.

Contributors include: M. Kodama, M. Kimura, Y. Takano, T. Oka, T. Yasuda, N. Tokoro, Y. Mizukami, M. Yamamoto

Updated as of June 1, 2020, Professional Standards is a comprehensive source of professional standards and interpretations issued by the AICPA, such as auditing and attestation, accounting and review services pronouncements, along with the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct and Bylaws. Standards and related interpretations, to help accountants apply the standards in specific circumstances, are arranged by subject with amendments noted, superseded portions deleted, and conforming changes reflected.

Professional Standards includes these standards and sections:

• Auditing standards and interpretations
• Attestation standards and interpretations
• Accounting and review standards and interpretations
• Quality control standards
• Statements of Position-accounting, auditing and attestation
• AICPA Code of Professional Conduct
• AICPA bylaws
• Valuation services standards and interpretations
• Consulting services standards
• Peer review standards and interpretations
• Tax services standards and interpretations
• Policies for the CPE membership requirement and CPE standards

NEW IN 2020:

• Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 138, Amendments to the Description of the Concept of Materiality
• SAS No. 139, Amendments to AU-C Sections 800, 805, and 810 to Incorporate Auditor Reporting Changes From SAS No. 134
• SAS No. 140, Amendments to AU-C Sections 725, 730, 930, 935, and 940 to Incorporate Auditor Reporting Changes From SAS Nos. 134 and 137

• SAS No. 141, Amendment to the Effective Dates of SAS Nos. 134-140
• Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAE) No. 19, Agreed-Upon Procedures Engagements
• SSAE No. 20, Amendments to the Description of the Concept of Materiality
• Statement on Auditing Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARS) No. 25, Materiality in a Review of Financial Statements and Adverse Conclusions
• Statement of Position (SOP) 20-1, Reporting Pursuant to the 2020 Global Investment Performance Standards
• Addition of Pre-SAS No. 134 U.S. Auditing Standards - AICPA (Clarified) [AU-C] section

This book clarifies the challenges and outcomes of the Sunshine Project, a national project in Japan for developing new energy that was launched about 40 years ago at the time of the first oil crisis in the early 1970s and ended, as planned, in the early 2000s. The Sunshine Project was the government's national project for developing new energy technologies such as solar energy and other natural energy sources-what we call renewable energy today.

The book considers why policies were successful in some areas but did not have the intended effect in other areas. It explains how technology innovation was employed to achieve energy policy goals and to tackle environmental issues. If we can present suggestions for how to structure national projects, it may also be possible to identify ways for industry, government, and academia to come together to find solutions not only to environmental energy problems, but also to other social problems. Herein lies the goal of this book.

Although the development of new energy is the main subject of the book, the author also scrutinizes the governmental decision-making process involved in planning policy, the creative process, and the design of systems of collaboration between industry, government, and academia as well as cases where corporations have developed commercial versions of new energy products.

The main part of the book consists of three case studies interspersed with two reflective chapters. The first case study describes the Sunshine Project from the perspective of project management based on the perspective of government. The second case study is a detailed examination of the routines in all organizations, whether industry, government, or academia, and of the autonomy of the project organization. The third case study increases the degree of detail to focus on the smallest unit of analysis, the intentions and motivations of key individuals participating in the project.