How an all-but-forgotten medieval astronomy book ushered in the modern age of science

Few people today have heard of Johannes de Sacrobosco, yet his textbook was the most widely read astronomy book ever written. For five hundred years, from when it was first written in the Middle Ages to the dawn of the modern world, the Sphere introduced Europeans to the cosmos. The Book Everyone Read traces the unpredictable twists and turns of scientific knowledge and discovery through the stories of Sacrobosco's readers-and in doing so, tells a new story of the emergence of modern science.

Kathleen Crowther shows how the secret to the Sphere's longevity lay with its readers themselves, who chose which aspects of Sacrobosco's original thirteenth-century text to accept, which to modify, and which to reject. Far from unchanging, editions of the book were accompanied by commentary, corrections, and details that challenged and revised the book's original worldview of a finite, Earth-centered cosmos. Crowther introduces us to the university professors who peppered their lectures on the Sphere with tales of the exciting new discoveries made with telescopes and musings on the new Sun-centered model proposed by Copernicus, the navigators who found their way across the Atlantic using information about the stars they found in the book, the missionaries who brought translations of it to the Americas and Asia, and many others.

Through the surprising life of a medieval book of astronomy, The Book Everyone Read charts a scientific conversation that extended far beyond what we understood before.

An indispensable introduction to legal reasoning, updated for today's political and legal environment.

Since it was first published nearly five decades ago, Reason in Law has become the starting point for understanding legal reasoning, a critical component of the rule of law. The editors show how judges can integrate all the elements of a case to persuasively explain their rulings-and, even more importantly, why they sometimes fail to do so. Drawing on cases old and new, Reason in Law enables readers to become sophisticated "judges of judging."

Now in its tenth edition, Reason in Law includes a new chapter on the increasingly contentious and politically consequential field of administrative law and addresses recent developments in the American legal landscape, including growing conservatism in the federal judiciary and the flood of lawsuits brought against the second Trump administration. It also analyzes new cases on the First Amendment rights of high schoolers, transgender civil rights, the responsibilities universities have for student safety, Donald Trump's sweeping claims of executive power, and historic Supreme Court decisions expanding the rights of gun owners and allowing states to criminalize abortion. As always, Reason in Law connects legal theory with empirical research on the American judicial system, showing how trustworthy legal reasoning helps preserve social peace and the rule of law.

This book examines Haiti's turbulent political landscape by exploring the socio-political and cultural forces that have shaped the nation's trajectory. Using an interdisciplinary approach, it explores the underdevelopment of Haiti in three epochal frames; first, as a former colonial territory; second, as a singular independent nation amongst colonial territories; and third, as a nation in constant quagmire at the hands of foreign military interventions. The narrative reveals Haiti's enduring vulnerability, identifying both internal and external factors that illuminate the perceived failures of the Haitian political class.

The book further investigates institutional mechanisms that perpetuate political instability, demonstrating how weak leadership has relied on repression, corruption, and malversive practices to sustain power, thereby deepening Haiti's structural fragility. By deploying key concepts such as structural vulnerability, heterodoxicality, macoutization, demounization, and political barons, Sylvain foregrounds cultural dynamics and socio-political practices that have reinforced systemic dysfunction. Through a dialectical and critical analytical framework, the work accentuates the complexity of Haiti's long struggle for democracy and the persistent conflicts that undermine it. Drawing on a wide range of respected scholars, the book enriches contemporary debates on Haitian politics, moving beyond conventional Haitianist and Caribbeanist frameworks to offer a transformative understanding of Haiti's political condition.

This book is intended as a reference guide for aspiring researchers and postgraduate students of West African history, as well as anyone fascinated by the region's material culture. Rarely encountered or studied, edged weapons from the Kingdom of Dahomey on West Africa's Guinea Coast are often misidentified, despite their striking morphological characteristics. This book collates the features and characteristics that identify these unique weapons, which date from the kingdom's rise in the early 18th century to its demise against France in 1894. The result is an exploration of the remarkable creativity and improvisational quality of these swords and the role they once played as items of regalia, as well as instruments of war and execution, in the kingdom's highly centralized military bureaucracy.

The primary tool used in this study is morphological analysis, drawing on an investigation of sword forms from around the world. However, other research techniques have also been employed. These span the full spectrum of archaeological investigation - from technological analysis in high-tech labs to 'history of art' methodologies designed to unpack the symbolism and craft of these unique objects.

The Kingdom of Dahomey was a truly remarkable kingdom. Not only was it the most significant slave-trading nation in West Africa, and played a disproportionate part in shaping the diasporic African cultures that took seed in the Americas, its unique structures and institutions are finally gaining popular attention internationally. In recent years, the famed agodjie - a female fighting force like no other in known history - has become a major topic of conversation, featuring in movies and blogs on a grand scale. The swords here played a central part in that history - in human sacrifices, as weapons and sidearms to Dahomey's soldiers, including the famed Amazon women warriors, and as objects of regalia for a powerful and unique dynasty.

Russian Subject, Muslim Monarch focuses on how, within the emirate of Bukhara, sovereignty was shaped as much by paperwork and quotidian entanglements as by conquest and diplomacy.

By uncovering the paper trail generated by the complex correspondence between Bukhara and Russia, James Pickett reveals figures and voices often missing from other sources. Unlike sanitized court chronicles, the Bukharan chancery records preserve experiences of women navigating patriarchal legal systems, religious minorities seeking state protection, and ordinary subjects petitioning for justice. Pickett provides an unprecedented window into semicolonialism's lived experience, even as many informal systems remained operative during revolution and civil war, after the Russian Empire had ceased to exist.

The emirate of Bukhara represented the apogee of Perso-Islamic society and government at its twilight and as an edge case of colonialism, equally revealing of both phenomena. Bukhara distinguished itself within the Russian Empire through steadfast loyalty, fitting seamlessly into imperial structures bearing many parallels to those already embedded in Central Asia. Russian Subject, Muslim Monarch makes this unique paper trail speak to larger questions about the nature of power and the modern state.

Civil Societies, Uncivil States examines why governments around the world have turned against the nongovernmental organizations they once welcomed-and how they choose their methods of repression.

In the decades following the Cold War, NGOs became central players in global governance, buoyed by a liberal international order that rewarded states for supporting civil society. That openness proved short-lived. From Russia's foreign agent laws to India's crackdowns on foreign funding, governments increasingly viewed NGOs as threats. Suparna Chaudhry argues that whether governments choose violent crackdowns against NGOs or subtler administrative restrictions depends on two factors: whether an NGO poses long-term risks to state authority, and how visible it is internationally. A state's relationship with the liberal international order shapes which strategy it pursues.

Chaudhry's findings show that administrative crackdowns allow states to maintain democratic facades while systematically dismantling infrastructures of accountability. She reveals that, paradoxically, the very successes of transnational advocacy networks in pressuring governments to reform incentivized more sophisticated tools of repression. Unflinching in its analyses, Civil Societies, Uncivil States asks us to understand how states are silencing dissent before it is too late.

This book explores the Innovation Ecosystems enabled by digital technologies from the start-ups perspective in the framework of Circular Economy. Bringing together contributions from geographically-diverse entrepreneurship scholars, it offers a unique startup-centric lens, investigating how emerging ventures collaborate with corporations, navigate power asymmetries, and leverage technologies such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and data analytics to drive sustainable innovation. Through a blend of empirical case studies and conceptual frameworks, the book addresses key themes including startup-corporate collaboration dynamics, coopetition strategies, and digital platform governance. It also examines the impact of digital technologies on decision-making, resilience, and adaptability. Ideal for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, this book provides insights into how startups can catalyze systemic change and accelerate the transition toward sustainable, tech-driven innovation ecosystems.

In this celebration of chapters, New Perspectives on African Business covers terrain across Africa that has rarely been examined, particularly outside familiar settings, in a way that is both insightful and engaging, answering the mystery around how business is conducted across the continent and the associated challenges.

In this highly curated collection, scholars Harrison and Omeihe connect theory to context and draw on diverse perspectives to deepen understanding by bringing together research from leading African scholars. Drawing from insights across key disciplines, the authors examine themes such as entrepreneurship, leadership in cultural contexts, economic development, and less explored areas including tourism, CSR, and SMEs through the lens of specific countries across the continent.

This volume is of benefit to both undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as advanced scholars, opening avenues for future contributions by pointing to areas where further research is needed to develop the field.

The New Frontiers in African Business and Society book series is dedicated to the exploration of theoretical and conceptual discussions that consolidate conventional knowledge about Africa. The purpose of the series is to invite new reflections on the nature of business and society across parts of Africa. The series contributes by interrogating the socially constructed practices, assumptions and beliefs which provide meaning for scholarship across Africa.

This volume is the first to assemble a wide-ranging body of research on the history of a certain pattern of theorizing about cognizing as a kind of being, or even being itself. As such, it addresses a notable silence in contemporary scholarship about the mind, and even about the history of philosophy of mind, which stands in contrast with its appearances throughout the historical tradition of philosophy. This book therefore enhances with historical richness the growing interest in related concepts such as idealism and pansychism. The original research presented in the book advances our understanding of the philosophical richness of various concepts of "cognizing as being" and draws on both Western and non-Western philosophical traditions. In doing so the books fosters a dialogue among these interconnected philosophical traditions that includes Indian philosophy, Aristotelian and Neoplatonic traditions, medieval Latin and Islamic traditions, Renaissance and early modern Platonism, varieties of early modern panpsychism or pannoeticism, German idealism, and early phenomenology. By bringing these together these collected works provide an illustrative model that will help scholars "see" a long-overlooked insight about mind across various historical traditions, and spark new ideas about how this approach might manifest in unexpected places. This volume is of interest to scholars working in the history of philosophy, the philosophy of mind and ancient philosophy.

Regenerative Revolution offers a groundbreaking exploration of how conscious consumer choices, ecological responsibility, and advanced technologies are reshaping the future of sustainability. In an era marked by resource depletion and environmental degradation, this timely work positions mindful consumption as a transformative force capable of steering industries and economies toward restorative practices. Moving beyond traditional sustainability, it emphasises the ethical and psychological dimensions of consumer behaviour, advocating for decisions that prioritise planetary health and social well-being. At the same time, it introduces the concept of environmental stewardship as a proactive approach to restoring ecosystems and fostering long-term resilience.

This contributed work further examines Industry 6.0 as a catalyst for regenerative change, integrating artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, robotics, blockchain, and predictive analytics to enable smart manufacturing and resource optimisation. By weaving together insights from business ethics, environmental science, and consumer psychology, this publication provides scholars, policymakers, and practitioners with a comprehensive guide to building a future where economic progress and ecological integrity coexist harmoniously.

This book employs deductive and inductive reasoning within traditional civil law normative analysis, supplemented by legal historical sociology research methods, to precisely trace the developmental trajectory and societal operational patterns of the law of obligations. Based on this, it derives both the intrinsic and extrinsic systems of the General Provisions on Obligations. By elucidating the contextual significance and systemic functions of the General Principles of Obligations, this monograph achieves theoretical integration between the Contract Law and Tort Law sections of the Chinese Civil Code, thereby enhancing the code's systemic efficacy. From historical, systemic, and functional perspectives, it comprehensively analyzes the legislative and academic origins of the General Principles, their internal and external frameworks, and their roles in value coordination and normative unification. It simultaneously demonstrates how internal system values achieve coherent integration, how external system efficacy is maximized, and the mediating role of flexible system theory in reconciling conflicts between the two. Furthermore, adopting a micro-level perspective, the book explores the normative functions of the General Principles of Obligations as manifested in doctrines such as unified restitution claims, joint and several liability, and competing claims on a debt. This jurisprudential monograph is intended for civil law scholars worldwide.

This volume offers an in-depth examination of Hallyu (the Korean Wave), foregrounding its significance as a critical site for cultural, theoretical, and decolonial inquiry. With the emergence of globally recognized phenomena such as BTS and Squid Game, Hallyu has transitioned from a fan-based subculture in Asia to a global cultural phenomenon. This transformation necessitates a reevaluation of the phenomenon and its significance.

The volume is divided into three main parts-historicizing, theorizing, and decolonizing-each offering distinct yet interconnected approaches to interpreting Hallyu. By bringing together historical analysis, theoretical innovation, and decolonial critique, this volume demonstrates that Hallyu is a dynamic framework for understanding the shifting dynamics of global culture in the twenty-first century.

The book serves as a systematic exposition of modal semirings. Next to motivating the definitions, developing the basic calculus and discussing the most interesting examples of modal semirings, it presents a wide variety of applications. On the side of program semantics, Hoare Logic, the theory of general and partial correctness, demonic semantics and various temporal logics such as PDL, LTL and
CTL* are treated. The book is situated in the general area of formal methods. Among the many approaches there, it concentrates on a strongly calculational style using algebra as its main ingredient. This field is often called \emph{algebraic logic}. Its aim is to compact series of small steps of general logical inference into larger (in)equational steps. Moreover, it attempts to replace tedious model-theoretic argumentation, in particular, element-wise argumentation, by more abstract and compact reasoning. The structure of the book is as follows: Part I presents the basic theory. Part II contains applications to program semantics, graph-theoretic algorithms, Epistemic Logic, game analysis and databases with preference relations. Part III deals with infinite computations as well as their application to the above-mentioned temporal logics and Neighbourhood Logic as used in the description of hybrid systems. Part IV presents further applications to program semantics and terminations analysis.Finally, Part V contains some advanced theoretical material.Whereas Part I should be read sequentially, the chapters in the other parts are more or less independent of each other.?

This is the first English-language book to document the fate of thousands of Indonesians who were overseas in 1965 when a military regime came to power in their homeland. Caught up in the politics of the Cold War, many hundreds who were unwilling to support the regime were rendered stateless, unable to return to Indonesia, and trapped in exile. While a pogrom was conducted against the Indonesian Communist Party and other opponents of the military regime in Indonesia, exiles strived to maintain a critical left-wing opposition to the Suharto military regime while scattered abroad. By analysing their experiences, looking in depth at the situation of exiles in China, the Soviet Union, North Korea, Burma and the Netherlands, this account traces their collective fate as victims -- and survivors -- of the Suharto regime and the Cold War. This study contributes to the re-interpretation of Indonesia's past, to a more nuanced understanding of the Cold War's impact in Asia, and to the field of diasporic and exilic studies.

This edited volume explores the complex dynamics of African women's political participation, focusing on the tension between numerical representation (quantity) and substantive, impactful political influence (quality). Chapters critically explore whether the growing numbers of women in these positions lead to substantive policy changes, improved governance, and the promotion of gender equity across different spheres of life. The volume looks at these issues through a multi-disciplinary lens, drawing on case studies from across the continent, different perspectives and extensive analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data.

By exploring the distinction between 'quantity' and 'quality' of political representation, the book provides insights for policymakers, scholars, activists, and civil society organisations on how to improve the effectiveness and impact of women's political participation in Africa. Furthermore, it contributes to the global discourse on gender equality and political representation, providing a comparative framework to understand how the African experience of female political engagement can inform broader conversations on women's roles in governance and significant spaces worldwide.

An eye-opening story of the people who make the census, the United States' largest and most consequential dataset, and the growing threats to their crucial work.

By many measures, the US census is the government's largest non-wartime operation, and one of the world's oldest and biggest data-making endeavors. The 2020 census required more than a decade of planning and technical work-not to mention managing nearly a quarter of a million temporary workers simultaneously-to collect data about the American public. That data was then processed to count each of 331,449,281 residents once-and only once-and in the right place. The operation is also one of the country's most consequential. Census data determine how political power and federal funding are allocated. Census data make politics, and consequently, politics make census data. In this urgent book, danah boyd explores what it took for the Census Bureau to make the 2020 census, amidst a global pandemic and natural disasters, and while navigating political forces that constrained the budget, micro-managed the schedule, and attacked statisticians' methods.

With rare insider access to the Census Bureau, boyd observed and interviewed hundreds of government civil servants who made the 2020 census. By documenting the perspectives of government workers, Data Are Made, Not Found provides a rare glimpse into what it takes to make democracy's data. Each chapter reveals a different challenge-ranging from the last-minute fights about a citizenship question to the not-so-helpful help of well-intended stakeholders to avoid undercounts-and shows how civil servants responded to each problem, controversy, and hurdle. Boyd shows how many of the challenges that the Census Bureau faced in 2020 resulted from decades of political operatives, data users, and various stakeholders playing what boyd calls "Jenga politics," weakening the administrative state for short-term political gains by removing support and adding more requirements.

Civil servants saved the 2020 census, but future censuses-and other data-making efforts related to elections, health, and the economy-are precarious. Boyd's message is clear and compelling: protecting democracy means protecting the people and institutions that produce this data.

Dating and domestic violence are two the most frequently occurring forms of gender-based violence, both in the United States and globally. A growing body of international law has identified the failure of states to adequately protect people from gender-based violence as a violation of human rights. In order to improve prevention efforts, people must understand the scope, extent, dynamics, and characteristics of dating and domestic violence. Unfortunately, too many people hold dangerous misconceptions about abuse that hinder prevention efforts.

This book is intended to help address misconceptions about dating and domestic violence, thereby helping to inform readers who can and should be involved in prevention practices. The first part of the book shares important information about dating and domestic violence, describing how they are a violation of fundamental human rights as well as reviewing the scope of abuse in the United States and globally, risk and protective factors, characteristics of victims and offenders, the effects of abuse, and barriers to leaving abusers. The second part of the book builds on that foundation to present curricula that can be used in schools and other institutions to teach about abuse, as well as other lesson ideas for various settings. As well, the second part of the book presents a case study of how to build a campus-community collaborative prevention program. In all, the book aims to promote peace in every relationship through a deeper understanding of dating and domestic violence.

This book aims to explore and promote greening strategies to enhance urban resilience and health. It is based on the results of the "Greenwork" project funded by the Italian Ministry of Universities. This book provides an overview of current measures, tools, and innovative approaches to greening the built environment, addressing challenges such as climate change, urbanization, and environmental health.

The content is divided into three main sections: 1. Greening Strategies for Climate Risk Management: This section covers nature-based solutions (NBS) for urban resilience against natural and human-made hazards, multi-hazard investigations, and the impact of green solutions on urban well-being and eco-anxiety. 2. Interventions at the Urban Scale: This section focuses on urban green spaces, recreational areas, pocket gardens, the role of greenery in historic centers, and the effects of urban microclimate on health. 3. Interventions at the Building Scale: This section discusses green roofs, green facades, pocket gardens, and the influence of indoor greenery on microclimate and user well-being.

This volume revisits the role of religion in the public square with a focus on the unprecedented work of Pope Francis. As a continuation of their 2018 volume, Pope Francis as a Global Actor, the editors bring together interdisciplinary scholars to explore the myriad of ways that politics, theology, and dramatic social change met under the papacy of Francis I. Global challenges and social questions only increased in urgency since the first volume and Pope Francis continued to play an active role in many of these issues (including climate, gender, immigration, war and conflict). The volume explores the transformative moral authority that Pope Francis brought to his papacy through his thoughts, words, and deeds and how the theological foundations of Pope Francis translated into moral authority and even activism in the public sphere. Organized around the Four Bergoglian Priorities (time is greater than space, unity prevails over conflict, realities are more important than ideas, and the whole is greater than the part), this volume bridges several fields and approaches to properly situate Francis's engagement in public narratives and to understand his role as a key 21st century global leader.

This edited volume explores how global issues such as urbanisation, globalisation, digital practice, and global warming are experienced and interpreted by young people in their local contexts. Drawing on research from 13 countries and 20 study sites, this volume examines how adolescents perceive urban space and how their environments shape their daily lives. The broader research in this volume builds upon participatory action research practices and principles that aim to empower young people by giving them a voice and supporting their agency in decision making. These approaches are used to advocate for youth health and wellbeing in contemporary urban contexts across Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Germany, Lebanon, Nepal, the Netherlands, Aotearoa (New Zealand), Nigeria, the Philippines and the United States of America. The research project focuses on low-income communities undergoing rapid change, examining ways to engage minority and youth populations in informal settlements who are particularly reliant on the resources of their immediate environments and whose circumstances hold significant implications for urban policy. Providing a broad-ranging and comparative perspective on young people's experience of urban life, this volume offers valuable insights for students, researchers, social workers and policymakers concerned with youth wellbeing, urban and community development and related fields.

This book considers the specific features of forced migration research, which pose unique challenges when analysing data, and offers a range of analysis tools from discourse analysis. Drawing on real-world case studies from around the world, but particularly from the Global South, this book guides researchers from all disciplines on how to leverage on linguistic tools and approaches that can enhance their forced migration researchers. It provides researchers, students, and teachers with an overview of forced migration research approaches and methods. It then covers concepts from discourse analysis in combination with other disciplines to study complex migration experiences. It presents a unique focus on the peculiarities of analysing forced migration in the Global South, with practical guidance on using discourse analysis to examine forced migrant identities and representations in variety of social situations and text types. Each chapter features a specific discourse analytic approach that is used on a migration-related data set and includes a range of examples and guided activities. This book provides essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as migration researchers interested in expanding their data analysis repertoire.

Tracing the arc of white supremacist populism in the United States from Indian Removal under Andrew Jackson through the administration of Donald Trump, this book is organized around the question: How should Unitarian Universalists respond to populism? The book points out the inefficacies that progressives, with their focus on state centered reform, use as a means of combating white supremacist populism. And argues that religious liberals, particularly Unitarian Universalists, can more effectively engage in the struggle against white supremacist populism by turning away from progressivism and turning towards the prefigurative traditions of anarchism and antifascism. This book is a must for scholars interested in Religion and Power.

From a prize-winning historian, the first comprehensive narrative history of Ashkenazi Jews: their culture, their religion, their daily lives, and their many migrations

Covering two millennia of history, from late antiquity to the twentieth century, this landmark volume by an eminent historian traces the long trajectory of Ashkenazi Jews, that branch of the Jewish people who migrated from the Levant into central and then eastern Europe. Because religion, in the form of rabbinic Judaism, played so central a role in the lives of almost all Jews before modernity, author Peter Schaefer examines the ways in which the institutions and practices of the rabbis were transplanted, and transformed, during these periods of migration. Schaefer describes the establishment and flourishing of centers of rabbinic learning and innovation in the new European homelands-places including Cologne, Frankfurt, Worms, and Troyes, the French home of the legendary medieval Talmudic sage Rashi. He discusses the long and often fraught period of intellectual, cultural, economic, and political exchange with the Christian majority, and chronicles such Jewish movements as kabbalah (Jewish mysticism), messianism (Sabbateanism), and (in the modern period) Jewish socialism ("Bundism") and Zionism.

The scope of Ashkenazi is vast, beginning with a portrait of Jews in the late Roman Empire and then mapping the first central European Jewish settlements in the tenth and eleventh centuries, the expulsions of the late fifteenth century, the subsequent migration to Russia, Lithuania, and Poland, followed by remigration westward in the nineteenth century after the start of Russian pogroms. Finally, Schaefer considers the impact of the Holocaust, and the founding of the state of Israel-which was spearheaded by Zionist leaders of largely Ashkenazi origins.

Positioned at the intersection of indigenous knowledge systems and spatial practice, this volume explores how ritualised, place-based epistemologies can reframe design and planning responses to global ecological crises. Departing from reductive Cartesian abstractions, it interrogates the systemic erasure of sacred space and advances a generative turn toward relational ontologies and decolonial spatial imaginaries. Landscapes are approached not as static heritage artefacts, but as living, agentive systems that co-produce meaning, identity, and ethical responsibility. Drawing on global case studies and innovative methodological approaches, including VOICE, Spiritual Tectonics, and Afro-Cosmological Design, the contributions explore the temporal thickening of sacred sites, where ancestral continuities intersect with emergent technologies. By integrating traditional ecological knowledge with contemporary metrics of resilience and sustainability, the book outlines actionable pathways for spatial practitioners. It speaks to researchers and professionals across architecture, urban planning, religious studies, cultural geography, and the environmental humanities.

This book offers a history of shyness in France. In particular, it interrogates the seeming strangeness of shyness in the long nineteenth century, positing it as an everyday experience which nonetheless troubled the stories that the nation sought to tell about itself in a period of intense political and social change. Shyness threatened the narratives of natural sociability central to French thought yet could also be seen as a symbol of sensibility and striving.

The book unravels these competing perspectives by analysing a diverse range of sources from etiquette books, medical writing, and life-writing, to popular theatre and canonical fiction. It draws on techniques from the emotion history, literary studies, and the medical humanities. In revealing the neglected history of an often-trivialised experience and those who suffered with it, the book makes a significant contribution both to the history of the emotions in nineteenth-century France and to present-day shyness studies.