This textbook explores the meaning of good governance and sustainable development in the present-day context of a growing planetary crisis, socio-economic polarisation, and politicisation of knowledge.

Part 1 sets the stage by exploring theories of power, network governance, and global governance. Meri Juntti contrasts prevalent and emerging framings to arrive at a definition of sustainable development as a transformation encompassing the economic system, societal values, and the relationship of humanity with nature, and identifies distinct approaches and solutions for advancing this. Part 2 delves into the twin global issues of climate change and food security. Their drivers and manifestations are examined in detail and a range of governance responses - from global strategies and policies through to local-level case studies - are explored in the light of earlier theorisations. Part 3 focuses on lessons for good governance and sets out five key challenges that governance for sustainable development needs to negotiate, as well as the four principles that are central to its success. A concluding chapter considers what good governance for sustainable development could mean in practice.

Balancing theory with real-world examples, and featuring learning outcomes, further reading, and links to relevant media content, Governing for Sustainable Development will be a highly valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of sustainable development, geography, public policy, politics, and international relations.

Leading experts integrate decades of scholarship with recent advances in the field, addressing foundational questions such as why firms merge, how value is created and distributed between stakeholders, how markets and regulators respond to acquisitions, and how mergers affect innovation, labor markets, and industry structure. The chapters combine diverse empirical approaches and theoretical perspectives, from classic event-study evidence to behavioral economics, cross-border institutional research, activist investors, and structural estimation, highlighting both enduring findings, including persistent gains to targets and the mixed performance of acquirers, and emerging research frontiers shaped by globalization, private capital, and data-driven methods.

This Companion offers researchers and students in business, economics, finance, and management an authoritative guide to what we know about mergers and acquisitions and where the field is heading. Practitioners and policymakers will likewise benefit from its insights into how M&A continue to shape corporate organization and economic activity in an era of technological and geopolitical change.

The author eschews traditional, single-country approaches and adopts a comparative perspective. The Modern Guide explores the economics of happiness, examining why some middle-income economies score higher on the happiness index than recent economic success stories. It also investigates the nature and quality of democratic governance, economic growth, poverty and inequality, and the labour market across Asia. The book assesses Asian economies from the perspective of the Millenium Development Goals and UN Sustainable Development Goals, evaluating how countries across Asia are managing climate change.

A Modern Guide to Developing Asian Economies is a pivotal resource for scholars and students seeking to broaden their understanding of Asian economics and development studies. Economists and NGO workers will also benefit from its comprehensive lens and timely suggestions.

This second edition of The Philanthropy Reader features a revised collection of carefully selected readings, sharing cutting-edge research, historically informed perspectives, and key current issues in philanthropy today including contentious topics and influential writings that have arisen since the first edition.

Both global and interdisciplinary in its approach, this edition builds on the book's established reputation as an essential resource for navigating the complex and varied dimensions of philanthropic practice. With over 100 extracts from key texts and major thinkers, this reader accurately and comprehensively covers a field that is growing in significance and expanding in scope. Readers will be well-equipped for thoughtful and nuanced engagement in philanthropic theory and practice through this book's diverse material on core concepts, persistent challenges, incisive critiques and counter-critiques, and major debates and contemporary trends. In addition to the extracts curated into six sections, the editors provide both a general overview and individual section introductions that set the scene for studying and thinking about philanthropy, making this text invaluable for those teaching the subject.

Essential reading for students in philanthropy courses worldwide, this text will also be of interest to reflective practitioners across the philanthropic and nonprofit sectors: donors and grantmakers, advisers, fundraisers, and others.

After taking stock of current systems, the book identifies forces that are reshaping and will continue to reshape fiscal decentralization globally, nationally and locally. Contributing authors address both enduring constraints, such as local fiscal autonomy, and emerging issues, including the evolution of globalization, political and socioeconomic context changes and rapid technological development. They explore how to design better intergovernmental fiscal systems as well as how to deal with decentralization measurement challenges, strengthen local capacity, manage extreme events, and improve equity and impact. The conclusion outlines strategies for adapting decentralization policies for the coming decades.

These insights will be of value to public finance scholars seeking advanced analysis of fiscal federalism, taxation and intergovernmental finance. Policymakers and international development practitioners will also benefit from this practical guidance on the design and reform of decentralization policies.

This book discusses the codification and decodification of private law in the Chinese context with a specific focus on property management services contracts as a distinct example within the broader category of supply of services contracts.

The book begins by contextualising codification and decodification within the current literature and legislative developments at the global level. It then turns to the Chinese Civil Code, using property management services contracts as a case study of its decodification. It assesses these contracts both within the Chinese legal system and through a comparative law lens, using the Roman law model of lease and hire and Hong Kong law. The book argues that, due to significant decodification present at the very moment of promulgation, the Civil Code failed to achieve its goal of ensuring coherence in China's private law system.

These insights will interest scholars of comparative law, Chinese law, Roman law and contract law, as well as policymakers and lawmakers discussing strategies for regulation and transformations of law in other jurisdictions.

Leading experts emphasise the importance of recognising children's agency, stressing how vital it is to treat young people as human beings in their own right. They highlight the challenging power dynamics between the researcher and child, exploring how researchers can create conditions which cede power to young people across a project's continuum and practice reciprocity in engagement and reflectivity. The Handbook advocates for creative research methods and the development of specific research competency in establishing sensitive and reflexive research relationships.

International in scope, this Handbook is an essential guide for scholars and students broadly in the social sciences and especially in the disciplines of social work, sociology, social policy and development studies. Social workers, psychologists and policymakers will likewise benefit from its detailed approach to establishing ethical working relationships with children and young people.

New social risks, ranging from profound transformations in labor markets to rising inequality and the climate crisis, are reshaping contemporary societies and demanding innovative forms of social policy. This book argues that the critical expansion of public social services is central to addressing these challenges. Securing and investing in public services, particularly the social provision of education and health care, not only fosters well-being but also contributes to building equitable, low-carbon economies and generating quality employment.

The book draws on a wide range of theoretical traditions, including the capability approach, development studies, welfare state scholarship, and the UK's Universal Basic Services perspective. It also advances a novel conceptual framework: the "constitutive welfare state." This framework reconceptualizes public social services as an economic sector in their own right, with far-reaching structural consequences.

Blurring the often overdrawn boundary between Global North and Global South experiences, the ensuing empirical analysis turns to Brazil as a Global South case that serves both as a concrete illustration and as a broader laboratory for the policies advanced in this book. The Brazilian case provides estimates of the macroeconomic, social, and ecological effects of expanding these services, including their potential to generate low-carbon, equitable employment and to narrow gender and racial wage differentials. It also addresses the main constraints such an agenda would confront.

The book will be of interest to scholars and students of development, welfare state studies, social investment, well-being, labor markets, economic inequality-including gender and racial inequality-and distributional macroeconomics.

This book showcases cutting-edge research on protest and mobilization dynamics during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic posed significant challenges for social movements while simultaneously triggering impactful mobilizations centered on the origins, policies, and politics of the pandemic.

Through a rich analysis of social movement dynamics, the book offers insights into COVID-specific protests and explores how global crises can reshape mobilization at local, national, and transnational levels. It highlights how crises can exacerbate polarization but also foster new alliances rooted in solidarity and mutual aid. The collected articles examine three key dimensions of mobilization during the pandemic: anti-lockdown protests, the legacies and innovations of solidarity activism, and the challenges and opportunities faced by existing movements. Drawing on case studies from four continents-Europe, America, Asia, and Australia-the book employs diverse methodologies and spans ideological orientations from far-right to progressive movements.

This book is an essential resource for students, scholars and practitioners in the fields of sociology, political science, social movement studies, and global studies. It will also appeal to activists and policymakers interested in understanding the dynamics of protest and mobilization during times of crisis.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Social Movement Studies.

Disaster Mental Health Interventions: Core Principles and Practices, Second Edition, is a comprehensive overview of the physical and psychological impacts of disasters, and of current best practices for addressing survivors' reactions. This revised edition includes updated research and expanded lessons to help advance disaster mental health interventions in response to acute events such as hurricanes and mass shootings, as well as chronic threats like climate change and pandemics. Case studies and anecdotes from experienced professionals add an additional level of depth and interest for readers.

Written in an approachable style, the text combines theory and practice in a practical and engaging field guide for disaster responders. Topics covered include how disaster characteristics tend to influence reactions; how to differentiate expectable post-disaster stress responses from extreme reactions like posttraumatic stress disorder; what makes certain populations more susceptible to more negative outcomes and how to help these high-needs groups; and how to support all survivors through Psychological First Aid and other early interventions. Cultural impacts are addressed throughout this book. Occupational hazards for disaster mental responders and the need for self-care are also addressed.

Disaster response professionals and students across the fields of mental health counseling, social work, school counseling, psychology, health care, spiritual care, and emergency management will appreciate the accessible tone, level of detail, and emphasis on practice.

Why did some of Europe's most urbanized pre-industrial societies industrialize relatively late? Conventional theories link urbanization to economic growth. Yet European history presents a paradox: early industrializers were not the most urbanized, while highly urbanized regions often stagnated. This book argues that urbanization levels alone are misleading. What matters is the structure of urbanization-the spatial concentration of cities and the organization of urban networks-inherited from earlier historical processes.

Italy, the demographic and infrastructural core of the Roman world, inherited exceptionally high urbanization within a markedly decentralized urban system. Through comparative analysis and detailed case studies-including the Republic of Genoa and Early Modern Tuscany-the book shows how this legacy fostered the emergence and persistence of regional states, constrained political unification, and encouraged extractive institutional arrangements, producing urbanization without growth and contributing to delayed industrialization. The Roman Empire constituted the foundational origin of Western Europe's urban landscape. Its urban system generated enduring and uneven spatial configurations across Europe, whose effects persisted long after the Empire's collapse. These inherited patterns shaped trajectories of political fragmentation and processes of state formation.

By reconnecting urbanization to its deep historical foundations, this study offers a new perspective on Italy's long-run development and clarifies the longstanding urbanization puzzle.

Chapters evaluate the first reflections from the 19th century by great figures (such as Saint-Simon, Comte, Fourier, Proudhon, Courcelle-Seneuil & Leplay), tracing how they shaped the classics of the early 20th century such as Le Chatelier, the introducer of Taylorism in France and Henri Fayol, the 'father' of administrative theory. Chanlat then analyses French industrialists, such as Andre Citroen and Louis Renault, the French Fords, Charles Gide, the father of social economy thinking, Simone Weil, the philosopher of work, and the main currents that emerged after the Second World War, contextualising the nature and influence of contemporary French research. He also assesses the emergence of contemporary French language studies across the disciplines of sociology, psycho-sociology, economics and technology. The book seeks to develop a broad culture in the social sciences and encourage a multilingualism scholarship.

This important and unique book is a valuable resource for students and scholars of business and management, organization studies and sociology. It will also benefit researchers and business consultants looking to globalise their knowledge of administrative sciences and to discover or rediscover the richness of the French speaking tradition in organization and administrative sciences.

Leadership, Art, and Responsibility begins where strategies and tools fall silent: when leaders are drawn into a demanding encounter with poetry and music, where vulnerability, tragedy and moral ambiguity unsettle how responsibility is felt and power is exercised. Building on insights from neuroscience, philosophy and psychology, Julia Romanowska reveals how the shock and beauty of art can unsettle leaders' judgement - and their very sense of who they are.

At the centre of the book is the Shibboleth leadership programme, evaluated in a randomised study showing measurable changes in leaders, with effects extending to stress-related hormone levels among their employees.

Uniting aesthetics, emotion and ethics, the book argues for leadership grounded in exposure rather than control, and in responsibility rather than technique. Romanowska terms this integration aestemethics and challenges reductive models of leadership training, opening another horizon for leadership.

The book will interest scholars and students of leadership, management, organisational health psychology, philosophy and cultural studies, as well as practitioners concerned with ethically serious leadership and the human consequences of organisational life. It insists on responsibility when the dignity of human life is at stake - and consequences cannot be undone.

Leading academics provide novel conceptual tools and empirical insights that expand how entrepreneurship can be studied, understood and taught. Proposing a reorientation of entrepreneurial scholarship, chapters analyse key themes, including class elements of immigrant entrepreneurship, online harassment, public policy priorities and instances where entrepreneurship becomes a transgressive practice. Exploring decolonialism, marginalisation, organisation creation and alternative futures, the Research Handbook invites readers to question, rethink, and rediscover entrepreneurship in all its complexity.

The Research Handbook of Critical Entrepreneurship Studies is an invaluable resource for scholars and students of business, management, organisation and entrepreneurial studies. Policymakers and practitioners will also benefit from its critical proposals and in-depth scope.

The AI Strategy Playbook tackles the biggest paradox of our time: while AI grows exponentially more powerful and affordable, most organizations remain stuck in pilots that never scale. The result is frustration, "AI fatigue," and missed opportunities. This book delivers a practical, structured roadmap that has already guided thousands of executives on how to embed AI into strategy, operations, and business models.

Combining academic rigor with hands-on frameworks, global strategy expert Rene Bohnsack introduces four AI Stacks that every leader needs: the Skill Stack, the Transformation Stack, the Strategy Stack, and the Governance and Control Stack. Together, they help executives move step by step from isolated experimentation to full integration of AI into organizations. The playbook is practical and tested.

• The Skill Stack teaches prompting, responsible use, tools use, co-intelligence, and AI mastery.
• The Transformation Stack provides tools and tactics to move from experimentation with AI to acceleration of use cases and full integration.
• The Strategy Stack adapts the Play-to-Win model for the AI era, guiding leaders through aspiration, opportunity mapping, the construction of AI moats, the design of an AI business model, and and the creation of a roadmap that includes data readiness.
• The Governance and Control Stack ensures governance across five dimensions - operational, ethical, legal, environmental, and strategic - and measures progress through the AI Balanced Scorecard.

This book provides the tools, language, and confidence for leaders to act decisively. Readers will not only understand AI's strategic implications but also gain a practical playbook to lead transformation. The AI Strategy Playbook: From Zero to 100 is the essential guide for leaders determined to move past hype, avoid paralysis, and create lasting advantage in the age of AI.

Drawing on global case studies, expert contributors demonstrate AI's capacity to enhance efficiency, reduce resource consumption, minimize bias, and strengthen employee well-being. They also combine environmental HR policy and digital transformations into one holistic framework, going beyond the traditional scholarly approach of treating them as separate entities. Chapters provide a practical guide for AI integration, addressing critical concerns over algorithmic transparency, data privacy, unequal access, and environmental costs. Adhering to specialized ethical guidelines, the contributing authors argue that successful AI integration will come from human-centered designs which prioritize participatory implementation and align with social and environmental values.

This is an essential resource for scholars and students of business, employment relations, knowledge management, and disruptive technologies. HR practitioners and organizational managers will also benefit from its actionable guidance for leveraging AI tools.

This is a comprehensive edited volume that explores the global workplace through the lens of cross-cultural management. It serves as both a theoretical foundation and a practical guide for students, preparing them to operate effectively in a multicultural world.

Organised into six parts, the book introduces the fundamental concept of culture and its impact on management; explores cultural dimensions like individualism versus collectivism, and power distance; develops cultural intelligence with strategies for enhancing awareness, understanding, and respect for cultural differences; delves into common challenges such as managing cross-cultural conflicts and leading virtual teams; and prepares readers for global leadership roles by fostering skills to create inclusive, productive work environments. Each chapter features case studies and best practices from global companies to illustrate successful management strategies and is structured with features such as learning objectives and discussion questions.

An in-depth approach that combines theory with practice, this text is suitable as recommended reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of human resource management, international business, global leadership and management, and organisational behaviour.

Online resources for this book include chapter-by-chapter PowerPoint slides to aid teaching.

This thoroughly revised second edition provides a cutting edge overview of employee engagement and explains how organizations can practically implement novel strategies. It outlines how employee engagement has been defined, the major theories used to explain it, the scales that measure it and the crucial questions that require further scholarly attention.

Key Features:

• Traces an overview of methodologies for measuring employee engagement
• Includes a new chapter analysing the link between human resource management and employee engagement
• Pays particular attention to the engagement of newcomers and defines a practice model for developing actionable strategies
• Substantially updated chapters include the latest research on employee engagement, two new theories and deeper coverage of organization engagement

The Concise Introduction to Employee Engagement presents a critical research agenda for scholars and students in business and management, employment relations, organizational behaviour and human resource management seeking to develop their research in organizational settings. It will also benefit managers and other practitioners in overcoming common problems and developing an engaged workforce.

This book explores how HR technologies may mitigate the negative impacts of work-family conflicts on work engagement, a topic of increasing relevance in the digital era.

Acknowledging the changes in gender stereotypes and its impact on work engagement, this book undertakes systematic literature reviews on gender stereotypes, work-family conflicts, work engagement, and disruptive HR technologies to identify gaps in existing Human Resource Management research. Grounding on the theories such as social role theory, role-conflict theory, and the job-demand resource mode, Priyashantha surveys over 600 Sri Lankan private sector executives and shows that changing gender stereotypes both enhance work engagement and intensify work-family conflict; while the perceived desirability of disruptive HR technologies raises engagement, it can amplify the negative impact of work-family conflict on work engagement when not matched by credible implementation. Practical implications of the research for organizations and HR practitioners are also discussed.

This book is of interest to scholars of human resource management and organizational behaviour.

This Research Agenda presents a comprehensive overview of halal tourism, including its definition, scope and current trends in the global travel industry. Outlining its key theoretical concepts, leading experts explore how halal tourism goes beyond religious compliance to provide rich, culturally immersive experiences for Muslim and non-Muslim travelers.

Highlighting the role of Islamic values in tourism, chapters identify challenges and opportunities and the need for experiences that appeal to all visitors. Contributors discuss how financial solutions, technology, and effective management can enhance tourist experiences of halal tourism, support sustainable practices and aid recovery post-pandemic. They conclude that halal tourism has significant potential to reshape global tourism by promoting understanding and respect for diverse cultural values, creating a more sustainable and inclusive travel landscape.

A Research Agenda for Halal Tourism is a key resource for scholars and students of tourism and hospitality seeking to enhance their knowledge of this emerging industry. Policymakers and hospitality professionals will also benefit from its guidance on boosting local economies and promoting inclusivity.

The Handbook on Tourism Imaginaries explore how literature, film, and cultural practice co-produce and contest these imaginaries. Chapters form three complementary parts to chart the dynamic interplay between fiction and spatial experience. The first examines fictions of places, investigating how literary and artistic texts construct spatial identities that later become tourist destinations. The second explores fictions of tourists, turning to the travellers themselves as narrative subjects who embody the desires, contradictions, and ethics of modern mobility. The third, fictional tourism, explores how tourism becomes a fictional object by the ways it is practiced or by the mediation of virtual and augmented reality. In synthesising these dimensions, this Handbook argues for an integrated study of the imaginaries that sustain tourism as a cultural system.

The Handbook on Tourism Imaginaries is an essential resource for students and academics in tourism studies and cultural geography, as well as cultural studies, heritage studies, visual arts, communication and literature.

Combining legal analysis, comparative methodologies, and original empirical research, this book provides a detailed examination of institutional shareholder activism in China and its wider global implications.

It traces the evolution of shareholder activism in China, from the emergence of modern institutional investors in the early 2000s, through to the 2023 revision of China's Company Law. This development has occurred within a market characterized by concentrated ownership, state influence, and dynamic regulatory changes. The book demonstrates that activism in China is both real and significant, yet distinct from Western models. Its scope encompasses routine voting, shareholder meetings, private engagement, regulatory complaints, and litigation support. Conceptualizing shareholder activism as "bounded shareholder voice", the author argues that the future of such activism - both in China and globally - depends on the development of context-sensitive systems. These systems must adapt to unique market and regulatory environments.

This book is essential reading for scholars, postgraduate students, policymakers, and institutional investors interested in corporate law and governance, investor influence, and corporate accountability in global markets.

Contributing authors analyse the application of metaverse technologies across a broad spectrum of industries, including retail, tourism, higher education and hospitality. They propose forward-thinking perspectives based on international case studies to uncover the practical implications and opportunities of the metaverse's unique marketing spaces. By integrating theoretical understanding with empirical evidence, chapters provide actionable insights for navigating the complex future of metaverse marketing.

Metaverse Marketing is an essential future-oriented tool for scholars and students of business and management, innovation and disruptive technologies. Marketers, policymakers and business leaders will also benefit from its practical suggestions for navigating the metaverse.

Leading experts investigate how contemporary forces such as digitalisation, sustainability and innovation are reshaping the dynamics between buyers and suppliers, leading to more strategic, resilient and value-driven partnerships. Chapters assess core concepts including collaboration, governance, performance measurement and risk management in differing global contexts. Through empirical insights, conceptual frameworks and practical recommendations, this book provides an understanding of cultural, regulatory and structural variations in buyer-supplier relationships.

The Research Handbook on Buyer-Supplier Relationships is a valuable resource for scholars and students of business and management, public administration and organisational behaviour. It is also prime reading for practitioners in business, organisation management and sales navigating the strategic challenges of modern purchasing and supply management.

This book examines how Provincial Reconstruction Teams sought to stabilise Afghanistan's provinces by combining security operations with reconstruction and development initiatives during 2002-2015.

Drawing on extensive academic and policy literature, as well as interviews with practitioners and officials from NATO member states, the volume reveals how each nation adapted the security-development nexus to its own priorities, with varying results. The book bridges theory and practice, showing how development strategies often faltered in high-risk environments and how rigid military structures struggled to support civilian goals. It also proposes a new analytical framework embedded in the theoretical manifestation of the security-development nexus for studying civil-military missions, offering lessons that remain vital for today's peacebuilding and crisis management operations. Through rich case studies and clear insights, the book ultimately challenges one-size-fits-all approaches to reconstruction and demonstrates why understanding the balance between security and development is key to rebuilding societies after conflict.

The book will be of much interest to students of security studies, conflict resolution, development studies, and IR in general.

This book explores the introduction and localization of the political concepts of left and right in Chinese media discourse from the late Qing to the late 1920s, analyzing their shift from spatial metaphors to political symbols that redefined Chinese society, politics, and culture.

Globally established as political terms in 1789, left and right began to appear in Chinese media by the late nineteenth century. This study traces their evolution, analyzing their construction and transformation within Chinese discourse. It explores their metaphorical extensions into morality and value judgments, uncovering the power structures in media narratives. The book also demonstrates how left-right discourse intersected with radical, conservative, and liberal ideologies, forming intricate conceptual networks that influenced ideological contestation and the development of political communities.

Designed for researchers and graduate students in political communication, media studies, conceptual history, Chinese studies, and comparative politics, this provides valuable insights into the evolution of political discourse, ideological categorization, and the adaptation of global political concepts in non-Western contexts.

This long-awaited second edition of the Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Thailand offers a comprehensive, authoritative, and multidisciplinary investigation into the complex forces shaping the nation in the 21st century.

New for this edition is an in-depth exploration of the persistent dominance of the monarchy and the military; the systemic "lawfare" used to neutralise democratic challengers; and the emergence of vibrant, youth-led movements demanding fundamental structural reform. Beyond the political arena, the volume maps the intricate landscape of a society in flux: the digital transformation that has fostered both networked activism and sophisticated authoritarian surveillance; the historical roots of the violence in the southern border provinces; and the shift in gender and sexual politics from the margins to the forefront of human rights discourse. By assembling leading scholars to analyse the country's turbulent modern trajectory, this volume transcends traditional narratives to provide an incisive examination of the systemic power dynamics, social fissures, and evolving political identities that define Thailand today.

The volume will be an essential guide for researchers, students, and policymakers specialising in fields such as Southeast Asian studies, comparative politics, international relations, sociology, and human rights, providing a roadmap for navigating the profound contradictions inherent in the contemporary Thai state.

This book examines caste-based discrimination in India through the practice of manual scavenging and exclusion within higher education. It analyses how Untouchability persists across these distinct yet interconnected sites, adopting a legal lens grounded in international human rights law. Drawing on empirical data, the book critically engages with legislation, governmental schemes, institutional mechanisms, and case law, with particular attention to affirmative action as enshrined in the Indian Constitution. By bridging lived realities with legal framework, it highlights both the limitations and transformative potential of law in addressing caste-based inequalities. This work will be of significant interest to scholars and researchers of law, human rights, sociology, and South Asian studies, as well as policymakers.

The Muslim Brotherhood and Ennahda: Organisational Dynamics in Egypt and Tunisia since 2011 examines the organisational dynamics and capacity for change of the Arab world's two most influential Islamist movements.

Rather than foregrounding external political pressures, the book explores the internal organisational worlds of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood and Tunisia's Ennahda, treating them as long-standing institutions shaped by their own cultures, structures, and internal debates. Drawing on an analytical framework that places organisational culture and intra-party politics at the centre of the analysis, it investigates how each movement confronted the pressures of governing, adapting, and redefining its political role and identity after 2011. The study argues that the capacity for change within these organisations was shaped by internal dynamics: the Brotherhood's strong commitment to preserving its long-standing mission and organisational vision often constrained reform, while Ennahda struggled with a weak conceptualisation of how and why change should occur. By comparing their contrasting trajectories of party formation and institutional reconfiguration, the book highlights how each movement came to understand organisational change differently - whether as variation or replication, and as an opportunity or a threat to their foundational identity.

This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Middle East politics, political Islam, and comparative politics, as well as to readers seeking an alternative analytical lens to Social Movement Theory and a deeper understanding of the evolution of Islamist movements in the post-Arab Spring era.