This book examines American cultural values and their expressions in everyday speech, particularly an American discourse strategy which the author coins as a metaphoric comparison'. The book argues that culture not only conditions perceptions of reality but also shapes language patterns. Through comparisons with Polish, it shows how idiosyncratic and culture-bound American English is and how, in view of its global popularity, adopting it as mode of communication can alter the lens through which we see the world in both clearly discernible and subtle ways. This book will be of interest to a broad audience including linguists, American Studies scholars, non-native speakers of English, and Slavists.

This edited volume explores how global issues such as urbanisation, globalisation, digital practice, and global warming are experienced and interpreted by young people in their local contexts. Drawing on research from 13 countries and 20 study sites, this volume examines how adolescents perceive urban space and how their environments shape their daily lives. The broader research in this volume builds upon participatory action research practices and principles that aim to empower young people by giving them a voice and supporting their agency in decision making. These approaches are used to advocate for youth health and wellbeing in contemporary urban contexts across Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Germany, Lebanon, Nepal, the Netherlands, Aotearoa (New Zealand), Nigeria, the Philippines and the United States of America. The research project focuses on low-income communities undergoing rapid change, examining ways to engage minority and youth populations in informal settlements who are particularly reliant on the resources of their immediate environments and whose circumstances hold significant implications for urban policy. Providing a broad-ranging and comparative perspective on young people's experience of urban life, this volume offers valuable insights for students, researchers, social workers and policymakers concerned with youth wellbeing, urban and community development and related fields.

An integrated quantitative framework for understanding the dynamics of collective action

Collective action has been a fundamental aspect of human societies throughout history, from building irrigation systems and defenses in Neolithic times to coordinated disaster relief and scientific collaborations today. In this book, Sergey Gavrilets explains when and why groups of people cooperate, presenting a quantitative framework that unifies game theory with models of social influence, cognition, and individual and cultural variation. He shows how humans' deep susceptibility to social influence-grounded in evolutionary need to cooperate and learn from peers, reinforced by deference to parents and elders, and extended to cultural, religious, and political leaders-shapes norms, beliefs, and collective outcomes.

Integrating previously separate literatures, Gavrilets introduces explicit dynamics for norms and beliefs, quantifies the effects of individual and cultural differences, and tests predictions across societies. Drawing on formal, data-based mathematical modeling supported by behavioral experiments and studies of online behavior, he concludes that successful collective action depends on six interacting forces: material payoffs, personal norms and attitudes, social influence, cognition, evolving social norms and beliefs about others, and individual and cultural differences. Lasting cultural change, he argues, depends on norms and institutions that shape behavior through persuasion, nudging, and enforcement. Gavrilets translates this theory into practical, testable strategies for policy and design, including targeted messaging, dynamic norms, and culturally sensitive approaches, and connects it to broader theories of behavior change.

This book considers the specific features of forced migration research, which pose unique challenges when analysing data, and offers a range of analysis tools from discourse analysis. Drawing on real-world case studies from around the world, but particularly from the Global South, this book guides researchers from all disciplines on how to leverage on linguistic tools and approaches that can enhance their forced migration researchers. It provides researchers, students, and teachers with an overview of forced migration research approaches and methods. It then covers concepts from discourse analysis in combination with other disciplines to study complex migration experiences. It presents a unique focus on the peculiarities of analysing forced migration in the Global South, with practical guidance on using discourse analysis to examine forced migrant identities and representations in variety of social situations and text types. Each chapter features a specific discourse analytic approach that is used on a migration-related data set and includes a range of examples and guided activities. This book provides essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as migration researchers interested in expanding their data analysis repertoire.

This book offers a clear and authoritative analysis of Chinese television's evolution through global integration. Drawing on classical and contemporary globalization theories, it reveals how state strategy, market reform and transnational forces have negotiated China's distinctive media transformation. Essential reading for media scholars, policymakers and professionals engaged with China's reform and opening-up trajectory.

By placing these developments within broader debates on Globalization 2.0 and the growing influence of the Global South, the book offers a timely and sophisticated analysis of Chinese television. A major contribution to global media studies, Chinese communication research, and political economy.

Terhi Rantanen, Professor of Global Media and Communications, LSE

Rigorous in its analysis of the evolution of China's television, with detailed case studies encompassing the local, national and international channels, Hong Zhang's excellent book demonstrates the central role that the Chinese government has played in the growing globalization of Chinese television. Highly commendable.

Daya Thussu, Professor of International Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University

This book explores how translation technologies, such as Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools and machine translation to large language models (LLM), are reshaping the translation profession and society at large. Drawing on case studies from the Americas, Europe, and Middle East, the book examines how translators, educators, agencies, and clients adapt to evolving workflows, ethical dilemmas, and cultural challenges. It highlights generational divides, the political role of translators, and the preservation of endangered languages. It offers a global perspective on the benefits and limitations of digital tools. With contributions from leading scholars and practitioners, this book bridges professional practice with broader societal implications, making it essential reading for translation professionals, researchers, educators, and anyone interested in the social impact of AI and digitalization. Whether readers navigating the future of translation or studying its cultural consequences, this book offers critical insights into a rapidly transforming field.

Never before published, the theological thesis of St. Raphael Hawaweeny (1860-1915) is a fascinating work that shows the intersection of Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy in the late nineteenth century. Canonized by the Orthodox Church in 2000, St. Raphael was the first Orthodox bishop consecrated in the western hemisphere. His thesis reflects the life of the Orthodox community under Ottoman rule and is an apologia for Orthodox tradition, acting as a response to arguments advanced by Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries in the Middle East. Patrick Viscuso's introduction explains the complex historical and theological forces at work in St. Raphael's world.

Since the sixteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church had launched major proselytization efforts toward Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire, with the support of the great Western powers. In the late nineteenth century, the United States dominated Protestant efforts in the region. The powerful language in St. Raphael's thesis and his refutation of Roman Catholic and Protestant positions reflect an active dialogue with Western Christianity. The thesis, dated May 1, 1886 was written as part of the requirements for graduation from the Theological School of the Great Church of Christ, an institution of the Ecumenical Patriarchate located on the island of Halki in the Sea of Marmara, near present-day Istanbul. Patrick Viscuso's translation is based on his transcription of the handwritten Greek text. Viscuso provides this transcription, along with translations of the 1874 Regulations of the Theological School and a contemporary account of life at the school. This important volume will appeal to historians of the Ottoman Empire and Christianity, specialists interested in religious pluralism in America, and general readers interested in religion and Christian dialogue.

This book examines the enduring appeal of Odysseus in artistic representation from antiquity to the present. The volume aims to provide a sense of how this character changes from ancient Greek myth through modern poetry, and how this capacity for change both perpetuates the motif of a mutable and devious character while reflecting essential anxieties over what it means to be a person. Why Odysseus? demonstrates that Odysseus was already a figure of dynamic reception in Homer's Odyssey, then examines his varied uses in antiquity, his resurgence in the twentieth century, and his flexibility in modern reception. It concludes with the challenges of translating the character from one period to the next. Why Odysseus? explores how a uniquely indeterminate character becomes an important "shifting signifier" for reflecting different periods' and peoples' values on what it means to survive-and sometimes thrive-in a world that is definitively non-heroic.

This book illustrates the theoretical relevance of emotions to analyse and interpret contemporary events and societies. Emotions explain social phenomena while providing critical and analytical tools to challenge dominant or conventional interpretations of them. Drawing on examples of empirical research on emotions, it examines the long-standing sociological significance of emotions, some of the most recent theoretical and methodological advances, and the importance of fruitful interdisciplinary contaminations. The book will appeal to students, scholars, and professionals interested in the intersection of emotions, society, and social change.

The secret economics of maximizing college financial aid (and why it's not as miserable as you think).

In the college admissions process, a terrifying unknown looms large: How much is this really going to cost? For prospective students and their families, there's no easy answer. While college prices continue to rise, so do their promises of financial aid for qualified students. But who qualifies? And for how much? How can this monumental life decision be so utterly impossible to understand?

Hidden Tuition is an insider's guide for navigating college financial aid to maximum effect and with (relatively) minimal pain. Economist and financial-aid expert Phillip B. Levine draws on his unique experience-including years of research in higher-education finance and work alongside admissions and financial-aid departments-to help readers first identify, then minimize, what they'll actually pay for different types of colleges based on their circumstances. With expertise, clarity, and the warmth of someone who's been through it, Levine details how students can find the hidden tuition costs in the opaque landscape of college pricing and financial aid. He explores topics that include:

• Why college's "sticker prices" are rarely what students pay-and how some actual prices are even going down
• The best, worst, and most surprising deals for students with different financial resources
• How to navigate financial aid for divorced and multi-residence households
• Who really benefits from early decision
• How the nature of scholarships and merit-based aid is often framed in misleading ways
• The pros and cons of college savings accounts
• When and how to get started on college financing
• Why all student loans aren't the same (or aren't all that bad)

Debunking common myths and offering practical guidance for both families and individual students, Hidden Tuition makes a maddeningly imperfect process more manageable-and gives students a clearer path through one of life's biggest financial decisions towards collegiate success.

Offers a much-needed perspective on the connections between community, policymaking, and the improvement of underperforming schools.

School reform remains a fraught issue in the United States as educators, policymakers, and communities strive to improve outcomes for all students. In The Grit and the Grind, Joshua L. Glazer, Cori Egan, William R. Berry, and Amar Fattal examine two ambitious efforts to improve the lowest-performing schools in Memphis, Tennessee. The book offers a rare inside look at the political, organizational, and educational challenges of improving schools at scale.

The two initiatives, the Achievement School District (ASD) and the Shelby County Innovation Zone (iZone), shared a common goal but pursued it through fundamentally different approaches. The ASD was a state-run turnaround district that removed schools from local control and placed them under the management of charter organizations. By contrast, the iZone operated through existing district institutions, relying on local educators and leaders to drive improvement. Despite common goals and substantial resources, the reforms developed in strikingly different ways. Drawing on years of research in Memphis, the authors move beyond familiar debates about charter schools and district reform to explore a deeper question: What does it take to improve schools in complex, pluralistic, and contested democratic societies? Their analysis reveals that educational improvement is simultaneously professional, organizational, and political. Efforts to enhance educational opportunities depend not only on curriculum, leadership, and expertise, but also on the legitimacy, trust, and community support that allow educational systems to learn from experience and sustain improvement.

At once a study of reform, organizations, and politics, The Grit and the Grind challenges simple explanations of success and failure, showing that meaningful improvement is forged through the slow, uncertain work of building systems capable of earning community trust while continuously strengthening teaching and learning.

This book presents a critical and comparative history of how human populations have been socially constructed and categorized through racializing processes. Building on Renato Foschi's Italian volume Storia dei razzismi (2022), this expanded English edition offers a unique synthesis of historical case studies and the underlying logics that have sustained racism across time and cultures.

Foschi distinguishes between spiritual and scientific racisms, tracing their development through religious, philosophical, and pseudo-scientific traditions. He examines how various groups-including Jewish communities, people of African descent, women, working-class individuals, and LGBTQ+ people-have been positioned as distinct "races" through shifting systems of exclusion. The book also explores lesser-known cases, such as the racialization of Southern Italians, to demonstrate how these dynamics operate within national and regional contexts.

The second half of the book focuses on resistance-how racialized communities have mobilized pride, solidarity, and intersectional alliances to challenge discrimination. The final chapter reflects on human biodiversity and the enduring misconceptions that continue to shape contemporary forms of racialization.

With its interdisciplinary scope and original theoretical framing, this book offers essential tools for understanding the historical and conceptual foundations of racism. It will be of interest to scholars and students in history, philosophy, psychology, and critical race studies.

This open access book addresses issues related to viewing education as a business endeavor. It introduces the readers to central conceptual issues and relates them to the pedagogical, educational and social issues at various levels and sectors of education. The book offers paradigmatic approaches and theories used to model and examine education as a business endeavor. Business of Education is a global phenomenon that has experienced an exponential growth during the past decades; it goes well beyond the influence of private interests in shaping policymaking or the expansion of private schooling and encompasses policy, practice, and research in the field of education.

The work includes both classical positions and newer viewpoints challenging mainstream debates to approach the diverse manifestations of the business of education and the varying responses across the globe. The volume assesses the impact of business activities at various levels/sectors of education - lifelong learning, vocational education, supplementary education, higher education, teacher education and focuses on different issues and challenges, from financing to sustainability, from geopolitics to reform and on different geographical areas, such as Australia, Brazil, Chile, and Germany. The analyses draw on different frameworks - philanthropy, racial capitalism, transhumanism, neoliberalism - and go well beyond a materialist perspective of the topic at hand to include other important dimensions since controversies abound as to the impact and/or side-effects of these developments beyond their purely economic import. The book also critically discusses the future of the field by showcasing research that deliberate on different directions and that reflect on possible futures for (the business of) education. The research presented has strong global perspective and integrates in-depth conceptual analyses with real-world examples and case studies that aim at contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the business of education across different contexts and regions.

This book seeks to help bridge the divide between the various theoretical definitions of self-awareness and the empirical study of the concept in fields such as experimental cognitive sciences and clinical neuroscience. To do so, it brings together theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions that discuss self-awareness in three specific domains of cognitive sciences: methods for assessing self-awareness; theoretical and ethical implications of self-awareness in clinical settings; and the repercussion of re-evaluating self-awareness within different cognitive theoretical models.

Chapters in the first part of the book address how different methodological approaches for the study of self-awareness may lead to enhanced discussions of cognitive manifestations regarding self-processes. This part deals with the intersection between behavior, phenomenal awareness and cognitive traits associated with human self-process within experimental and psychological assessment, including notes from animal self-awareness. Then, chapters in the second part show how self-awareness can be a pivotal variable in the discussion of diagnosis, intervention and ethical issues pertaining to applied cognitive fields. Finally, theoretically driven chapters in the third part address how varied contexts of self-awareness expression may lead to renewed discussions in the field of enactive cognition. Together this set of chapters bring together current scientific data and theoretical reflections to point future directions for the scientific study of self-awareness.

Self-Awareness and Cognition: New Perspectives from Cognitive Sciences will be of interest to researchers in the field of cognitive sciences as well as to anyone interested in the relationship between self-awareness and cognition in both applied and theoretical research fields, such as philosophy of mind and clinical neuroscience, among others.

The volume offers a timely, multidisciplinary examination of the evolving Indian higher education landscape in the wake of COVID-19, changes and policy implications. The volume explores pedagogical innovation, digital integration, mental well-being, ethics, and institutional resilience. Organized into five thematic sections, it addresses pressing issues such as AI in education, challenges in self-financing institutions, teacher training, and inclusive education. The book also engages with policy shifts, including the NEP 2020, and the broader implications of digital transformation. With its intersectional approach and diverse perspectives, the book is an essential resource for educators, researchers, and policymakers seeking to understand and navigate the dynamic shifts shaping higher education in India.

What happens when the West interferes in the sexual politics of nations in the postcolonial Global South

Since the end of the Cold War, many Western nations have increasingly sought to integrate gay rights into their diplomacy, foreign policy, and international development programs. In The Great Refusal, Jason Ferguson examines what happens when pro-gay Western forces intervene in the sexual politics of countries around the world, especially in the postcolonial Global South. He finds that these interventions have unintended consequences, as the global clashes with the local. They create tension and divide nation-states from within, undermine local democratic structures and the collective conscience, and, paradoxically, fan the flames of resentment against the West, against gay rights, and against gay people.

Ferguson's mixed-method and multiscalar account of what he terms the "geopoliticization of homosexuality and gay rights" offers an in-depth analysis of a single case: Senegal, where attempted global intervention exacerbated the very problem it meant to solve. Drawing on a wide range of data, including ethnographies, archival materials, and literature, and moving among global, national, and subnational levels, Ferguson demonstrates how such uninvited interventions ultimately turn homosexuality into a vector through which local populations express their broader resentments against the West. Global interventionism, he argues, has turned same-sex loving people into scapegoats of the twenty-first century.

This book investigates how discourses of colonial policy and nation explicitly overlapped in Portugal during the 1930s and 1940s. This period corresponds to the early decades of the New State, which Portuguese historiography has traditionally referred to as the years of the 'imperial mystique.' Previous studies of the entanglement between empire and nation under the New State have largely focused on commemorative events and other forms of colonial propaganda. In contrast, this book reverses that perspective, examining the place of the nation within discourses of empire rather than analysing empire within nationalist discourse and propaganda. Using a set of colonial themes that were in vogue during the 1930s and 1940s, the book explores how imaginings of the nation permeated debates on imperial affairs and colonial policy. By approaching the relationship between nation and empire from the vantage point of imperial discourse, the author argues that multiple-often contradictory-historical and rhetorical tropes about the nation's past, present, and future were continually negotiated, combined in different ways, and adapted to meet the internal and international challenges of the period.

Navigating Black Joy for Black Women Leaders in Higher Education delves into lived experiences of Black women who resist structural oppression and inequity through the radical act of joy. Through deeply personal narratives, critical storytelling, and intersectional analysis, chapters explore how Black women cultivate, sustain, and embody joy as a transformative force in higher education and beyond.

Drawing on phenomenology, womanist theory, and culturally relevant pedagogy, contributors reveal how joy is intentionally rooted in resistance, resilience, and rest, forming a tapestry of strength and community, offering actionable strategies for fostering emotional resilience, equity, and authentic leadership.

A cultural history of the American faith in alien life, from the Puritans to Heaven's Gate

Over the past three centuries, belief in extraterrestrial life has had a profound influence on American religion. Faith in Space examines the key thinkers and religious leaders throughout American history who built faith communities around the notion that we are not alone in the universe, and that the path to spiritual truth leads heavenward to the stars.

Paul Gutjahr reveals the pivotal role Protestant Christianity played in the formation of extraterrestrial belief in many of these traditions, sharing new perspectives on prominent Americans such as Cotton Mather, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Paine. He goes on to examine familiar religious movements such as Spiritualism, Mormonism, Seventh-day Adventism, Scientology, the Nation of Islam, and Heaven's Gate as well as lesser-known belief systems such as Swedenborgianism, Theosophy, the Nuwaubian Nation of Moors, and Ashtar Command. Gutjahr shows how prophetic figures in these traditions created rich cosmological tapestries for their followers, bridging the terrestrial and the extraterrestrial with their spiritual insights.

A panoramic work of scholarship, Faith in Space traces how these traditions have offered generations of Americans cosmically oriented religious thinking through the belief in alien life, propounding a view that humanity's salvation is inextricably tied to the actions and interventions of intelligent beings from other worlds.

This book traces the history of the Jungfraujoch research station, established in 1931 at one of the most remarkable scientific sites in the world. Conceived as part of the Jungfraujoch railroad project, the station embodied the ambition to conduct research at the highest altitude in Europe. Emerging from the collaboration between the Swiss Society of Natural Scientists and the Swiss Alpine Club, and later supported by international partners from Germany, Austria, France, Great Britain, Belgium, and the US the station soon became a symbol of scientific cooperation under challenging circumstances. Through changing political, economic, and institutional contexts-from the interwar years to the founding of the Swiss National Science Foundation in 1952-the book reconstructs how the Jungfraujoch evolved into a center for atmospheric, physical, and environmental research. It situates the station as both a pioneering scientific enterprise and a landmark in the development of organized research in Switzerland.

The 2024 Paris Olympics broke many records and had multiple highlights. It constituted the first Olympics with gender parity among athletes, had a special focus on sustainability, and showed record breaking performances including 32 new world records. The Games attracted more than 1 million spectators in different venues in and around Paris, and billions of spectators on TV across the globe. Without exaggeration, the Paris Games were the largest and most popular sports event of the year, and most likely the decade so far.

Yet the Paris Olympics were not only a sporting event. From its global scale, corporate sponsors and nationalistic symbols, to the controversies some aspects of the Games triggered, they were also an inherently political spectacle. Focusing particularly on the National Olympic Hospitality Houses and the ways in which global crises such as the wars in Gaza and Ukraine complicated the organization of the Games, this volume examines the political nature of the Paris Games from various perspectives. In doing so, it highlights the dualism between sports and politics, transparency and corruption, and peace and conflict.

Americans and All the Rest examines how the United States has repeatedly defined itself through changing "Others" and how that evolving sense of national identity has shaped its conduct abroad. Rather than treating foreign policy as the product of interests or elite doctrine alone, the book traces the feedback loop between who Americans consider part of "We the People" and how they imagine, oppose, reform, or aid those outside that circle. Moving from the Revolution and the early republic through expansion, empire, world wars, the Cold War, and the uncertain post-1991 landscape, the narrative links domestic inclusion/exclusion (race, citizenship, immigration, religion) to external missions, confrontations, and ideals.

The proposed book undertakes a critical examination of the relationship between technologies of automation, migration and citizenship. Automation is refers to the use of technological systems to carry out operations independently, without human intervention (Nof, 2009). Typically automation is used to augment, improve, and complete tasks in a more efficient manner, promising significant benefits, from standardization to financial savings, freeing labour time for humans (Borry and Getha-Taylor, 2019; Restrepo, 2023). While technologies of automation are accompanied by narratives of progress and freedom, they are linked not only with increased surveillance but also with a shift in surveillance practices from discipline to prediction (Andrejevic, 2019; Zuboff, 2019). Automating technologies, especially machine learning algorithms, operate through sorting and categorisation, which are subsequently used to identify patterns and make predictions on the basis of these patterns. It comes as no surprise therefore that such technologies are involved in replicating discriminatory patterns of the past.

Worldwide, educational institutions at every level are increasingly recognizing that learners must cultivate and demonstrate key global competencies - skills that seamlessly translate across work, academic, and community settings. Offering a timely and rigorously researched exploration into the future of learning, The Emerald Handbook on Teaching Global Competencies redefines citizenship by revealing how cultural, linguistic, and technological transformations are reshaping our collective identity and suggests that education must transcend traditional, geographically bound disciplines to fully equip learners for the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly evolving global landscape.

In this comprehensive work, interdisciplinary research meets practice. The Emerald Handbook on Teaching Global Competencies champions an integrated approach that fosters emotional and social intelligence, creative problem solving, and interdisciplinary thinking, while also valuing transcultural insights and Indigenous knowledge. Through a rich array of case studies, empirical research, and innovative pedagogies, chapter authors demonstrate how dynamic, multimodal, lifelong learning environments can cultivate the key global competencies needed to bridge cultural divides, empower communities, and promote sustainable development.

An essential resource for academics, educators, and policymakers, this volume offers not only a critical synthesis of theory and practice but also an inspiring vision for reimagining educational spaces. Chapter authors challenge conventional models and call for a transformative rethinking of what it means to be educated in the 21st century, where learning is a catalyst for creating resilient, inclusive, and globally engaged communities.

Redefining Resistance: Narratives of Marginalized Teachers, Students, and Communities highlights stories of resistance against oppressive educational systems and policies, celebrating the creativity, courage, and resilience of marginalized communities. By sharing these narratives, we aim to inspire systemic change and promote justice and equity in education.

The book has been curated as a resource for educators, policymakers, and activists seeking strategies to challenge inequity and implement culturally relevant and justice-centered practices. With a strong framework grounded in critical theoretical frameworks such as decolonial studies, Black studies, critical race theory, queer theory, and critical feminisms, among others, Redefining Resistance serves as a platform to lift marginalized communities beyond the traditional limitations of educational systems.

This book identifies antipathy as an emotion of key concern in Victorian literature and culture by studying discourses and representations of antipathy in fictional and non-fictional texts. The selected texts cover a broad range of thematic concerns and cultural contexts, engaging with different facets, manifestations, and functions of antipathy, and demonstrating its historically specific meanings in nineteenth-century British and imperial literature and culture. The contributors demonstrate how antipathy was presented as an emotional experience, discursive strategy, and aesthetic device that expressed, shaped, and interrogated Victorian power relations, and how it was used to negotiate structural dynamics of gender, class, and race. Bringing the study of Victorian literature and culture into conversation with approaches in the history of emotions, the volume explores the potential for considering historical conceptualisations of antipathetic feelings in and through literature, and offers methodological insights into the uses of literature in the history of emotions.