This book provides a philosophical analysis of the link between the concept of causation, explanation and mechanisms. It addresses the rapidly expanding field of the new mechanical philosophy from a historical and theoretical point of view, and presents the philosophical ideas that have impacted the mechanistic project and the limits of this project as seen from various explanatory contexts. Furthermore, the book focuses in a succinct manner on the metaphysical and methodological aspects of the new mechanical philosophy and proposes suggestions for future work on the issue of causes and mechanisms. The chapters, accessible to both philosophers and scientists, serve as a helpful tool to the current debate surrounding mechanism, explanation and causation. The variety and range of coverage in this book makes it a perfect choice for students of history and philosophy of science, students of the sciences, and scholars interested in the philosophy of science.

Flying Brothers drops you into cockpits and crisis rooms across the Cold War: supersonic F-5s herding rebel "Tora-Toras" over Manila in 1989, F-86 Sabres firing the first Sidewinder missiles against MiG-17s above the Taiwan Strait in 1958, and AT-6s striking a mutinous warship on a river in downtown Bangkok in 1951.

Instead of retelling Vietnam, Flying Brothers follows America's three treaty allies in Southeast Asia - Taiwan, Thailand, and the Philippines - showing how they built airpower that actually worked. The deal was stark: trade territory for technology. By hosting US bases, these countries gained jets, radar, and training they couldn't otherwise afford - while wrestling with the sovereignty headaches that came with a foreign force on their soil.

At the heart of the story are "diplomats in flight suits": American advisors flying, fixing, and planning alongside their counterparts to turn hand-me-down aircraft into credible defenses and hard-won victories-from the Philippines' air-ground campaign against the Huks to Taiwan's measured, missile-age deterrence. Along the way, Daniel Jackson highlights dogfights, ramp-side ingenuity, and the annual "Flying Brothers" weapons meets that forged real fraternity among allied airmen.

For readers of military and aviation history, Cold War strategy, and Southeast Asia, this is a fast-moving, clear-eyed account of how alliances actually fight: not with speeches, but with checklists, radar tracks, and pilots who know when to hold fire - and when to press the attack. The result is a persuasive case that well-run advisory missions, tied to coherent political-military aims, can succeed at far lower cost than direct US intervention.

Asymmetric arbitration and jurisdiction agreements have recently sparked debate among legal scholars and courts in many jurisdictions worldwide. Adopting a holistic approach, this book examines their enforceability in leading civil law and common law jurisdictions (France, Germany, UK, US) and beyond, under the New York Arbitration Convention, the European Arbitration Convention, the Brussels Ibis Regulation and the Lugano Convention, while also considering the case law of the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights.

Party autonomy is the starting point in any discussion of both choice of court clauses (in transnational litigation) and arbitration clauses (in international arbitration). Parties are in principle free to determine the forum, typically the exclusive forum. But does party autonomy allow parties to enforce asymmetric choice of forum clauses? Several legal systems and commentators favor solutions that lie at an extreme. For some, party autonomy requires respect for such clauses as drafted, at least if freely and fairly agreed upon, while for others, equality and fundamental fairness demand that no such provisions be enforced. This book skillfully navigates between these extremes, demonstrating that neither of these values need necessarily override the other. If we value both party autonomy and elemental fairness, then it behooves us to find a middle ground. That precisely is what Richard Schmidt both undertakes and achieves in this masterful book. - Prof. George A. Bermann, Columbia University School of Law, USA

This book offers a compelling analysis of asymmetric jurisdiction and arbitration agreements in a broad comparative context. For the arbitration community, this publication is especially important, as a valid arbitration agreement is a cornerstone of arbitration. Yet the enforceability of asymmetric choice of forum agreements remains a pressing and practical concern rather than a purely academic debate, considering the diverging international case law. Confronting this inconsistency, Schmidt undertakes an in-depth comparative study drawing on EU legislation and jurisprudence, common law and civil law traditions, and relevant supranational regulations. This volume makes a significant and timely contribution to the international arbitration literature and will be an interesting read for scholars and practitioners alike. - Dr. hab. Beata Gessel-Kalinowska vel Kalisz, Prof. Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Reveals how nutrition science emerged from Britain's attempts to mold the food chain to its imperial interests.

The Lion's Share offers a biography of nutrition as a scientific discipline, from its imperial birth, through its rise to fame, to its integration into an environmental and political global order. Even though medical knowledge involved food since ancient times, at the beginning of the twentieth century, nutrition was not yet a scientific discipline in an institutional or practical sense. Nevertheless, by the 1930s, it was one of the most politically influential scientific fields, with nutritionists operating as medical diplomats within national, international, and imperial organizations. As historian Alma Igra explains, it is through the global networks of British power that a decidedly marginal field of technical knowledge concerned with agricultural productivity and animal feeding evolved into an area of expertise governing the human diet and related issues of public health, economic development, and humanitarian aid.

The Lion's Share visits five pivotal moments that prompted new nutritional research at transnational meetings in Scotland, Iraq, Vienna, Geneva, and the Netherlands. Through the eyes of the experts, Igra tracks how nutrition became an international science, with mobile labs, collaborations among institutions, and a constant clash between local and imperial practices. Standardization of food measurement created new ways for food to be international and allowed politicians to imagine the world as one. Yet tensions remained that shaped international policy in the twentieth century and still affect international land policy today.

This book explores the managerial, marketing, economic, operational, and financial strategies that have enabled trade publishing to confront many macroeconomic and technological changes so far in the 21st century in a far more efficient way than many other creative industries, such as the newspaper industry.

Despite these unsettling changes and business threats, the book industry maintained a sense of "continuity." No major trade book publishing house has gone bankrupt, due in some measure to a wave of mergers and acquisitions. Publishers have also succeeded by discovering and publishing new authors, many in demographic groups that have long been marginalized, such as women, African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and Asian-Americans.

This work discusses the complex disruptive challenges trade book publishing confronted after 2000, especially after the wide acceptance of the internet and the launch of Amazon.com. It will provide a series of managerial, marketing, financial, copyright, information technology suggestions the industry should consider as it continues to face a myriad of challenges and opportunities. It will appeal to researchers interested in understanding the business aspects of an industry that has been forced to evolve in order to survive, and in some cases, thrive.

This open access book presents an interdisciplinary perspective on the study of well-being at work. Written by experts from various disciplines, it integrates organizational behavior, sociology, economics, economic history, and entrepreneurship to probe two central themes: the causes and consequences of work meaningfulness and work motivations, and their implications for workers and organizations. It comprehensively explores why people find meaning in their work, what motivates them to work, and how this perception shapes individual, organizational, and economic outcomes. The respective chapters investigate how these central topics manifest in various contexts, from psychological and organizational frameworks to the impact of economic theories and technological change, offering new perspectives on the interplay between work, individual fulfillment, and societal development.

The edited volume promises to be a distinctive contribution to the field, sharing provocative insights and summaries of the state-of-the-art in the growing body of literature on meaningful work and work orientations, raising pivotal questions and providing informed answers that will shape future studies and practices.

This book introduces research on computer games conducted in Japan, aimed at students and researchers of games and pop culture in Japan, and explains how to facilitate their studies and research.

Japan, along with the USA and Europe, has been a world leader in computer games. There are many users and companies, and the market is significant. In terms of game content, games developed in Japan have gained popularity outside of Japan and have influenced subsequent games. For this reason, a considerable amount of research on Japanese games has been conducted.

Most of the literature on Japanese games is written in Japanese, however. Therefore, it is difficult for students and researchers living outside of Japan, even if they are interested, to read the literature and to work jointly with Japanese researchers. As a result, there is a disconnection between overseas and Japanese researchers. This book is presented to help bridge that gap. In addition, by introducing Japanese game studies across multiple disciplines, the book makes it easier for readers to find research approaches that match their interests.

The book begins with an overview of Japanese game research to date. It then introduces research results unique to Japan, such as those on arcade games and Doujin (people who make games mainly as a hobby, groups of people with shared strong interests in games). It then introduces research institutions and academic societies in which readers can research game studies in Japan. In addition, it introduces ways to access and obtain relevant resources.

Readers will be better prepared to study in Japan or collaborate with Japanese researchers by reading this book. In addition, it will help readers to know in advance which fields and themes are easier or more difficult to research in Japan, thus preventing mismatches in study abroad and research exchange. The academic significance is that it provides an overview of research on games in Japan that has been conducted from a variety of perspectives and approaches. By using this as a basis, we can expect to promote international and cross-disciplinary game research.

This book tackles a critical question. Why has the world struggled so much to coordinate policy to address climate change, despite political and scientific consensus? Despite landmark agreements and expanding knowledge, emissions have fallen unevenly and progress has repeatedly stalled or reversed.

Democracy or Carbon Oligarchy? explains that failure by focusing on domestic politics: how institutions distribute power, how interest groups exploit "access points," and why countries with similar wealth and technology diverge. Moving beyond arguments about mere political will, it situates energy and climate outcomes within the institutional architectures of industrialized oil super-producers: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Norway. Shum advances a neopluralist theory of climate politics, arguing that policy is shaped by the strategic capture of institutional venues by carbon-intensive interests. He shows how separation of powers, federalism, party systems, and electoral rules configure opportunities for a de facto carbon oligarchy. By mapping where binding decisions are made and who can reach them, the book offers a generalizable framework for diagnosing blockages, explaining cross-national variation, and identifying leverage points for sustaining ambitious climate policy over time.

This book provides a novel treatment of the rural and agrarian dimensions of conflict and repression in transitional justice settings. By focusing on these agrarian dimensions, which remain largely unacknowledged in orthodox transitional justice, it contributes to enrichen understandings of post-conflict injustice and the need for new forms of practice for addressing socio-economic root causes. Drawing ideas from the transformative critique of transitional justice, this book takes as a starting point to translate these ideas into practice, the mobilisation of peasant organisation at the local and transnational level for justice and for the creation of new normative frameworks to articulate their ideas of change. In making these novel connections, a number of different literatures and audiences are brought together in a new way: transitional justice, as an interdisciplinary field with a strong legal orientation; critical agrarian studies and critical development studies; peacebuilding; and peace and conflict studies.

We live in a collective moment that, for many, goes beyond uncertainty and holds unease and worry about the future. And while most, if not all, of these "Anxious Age" issues affect other states and even nations, Michael L. Walden, one of the foremost experts in North Carolina economics, makes clear the specific ways they'll affect North Carolinians, making this a must-read for policymakers, politicians, and everyday folks alike. Walden covers everything from the increasing numbers of workers doing their jobs at home, to climate change, to questions of whether big urban centers like Raleigh and Charlotte will begin to lose population rather than continuing to grow. Walden even considers AI and how its use will affect the North Carolina economy, one that is increasingly focused on technology and research.

In covering a broad array of concerns and uncertainties, Walden promises to offer a clear roadmap of where we've been and where, in this tumultuous era, we may be headed.

This book provides a multifaceted investigation into the relationship between law, normativity, and the spatio-temporal coordinates in which legal phenomena emerge and transform. It offers a cross-disciplinary and philosophically grounded perspective that rethinks the categories of space and time as fundamental dimensions of the normative experience. Bringing together contributions from legal theory, philosophy, semiotics, comparative law, and cultural studies, the volume explores how law is affected by, and in turn affects, evolving conceptions of time and space and how the legal experience belongs to human history. This book investigates the ontological status of legal norms and the implications of their despatialisation or deterritorialisation in digital and transnational contexts. Several chapters address questions about the existence and longevity of legal norms, others examine the distinction between the spatial scope and the actual validity of norms in light of the effects of political change, cyber-activities, and global regulatory trends. The temporal dimension of legal responsibility is re-examined with regard to concepts such as negligence, intention, and agency.
Moreover, the book explores challenges of decision-making posed by algorithmic governance and behavioural regulation involving classical models of normativity based on rationality and chronological linearity. Furthermore, the volume draws on intellectual traditions from across the world (Western phenomenology, classical legal thought, non-Western cosmologies and ethical frameworks) for reconsidering the way normativity is shaped by paradigms of space and time related to peculiar dimensions (rhythm, ritual, kairos), which offer alternative temporalities encompassing legal practices and our understanding of some philosophical-legal categories. By integrating legal philosophy with intercultural and technological-ecological perspectives, this book opens new avenues for understanding law's dynamic entanglement with space and time.
This volume is intended for scholars and advanced students in legal philosophy, jurisprudence, legal semiotics, comparative law, and interdisciplinary legal studies interested in exploring emerging paradigms of normativity beyond traditional legal frameworks.

How the unequal burdens of climate change are reshaping both domestic and international politics

Climate change is no longer an abstraction, as the world experiences extreme heat, rising sea levels, and brutally destructive wildfires. In Climate Fault Lines, Alexander Gazmararian and Helen Milner show that the effects of climate change are far from equal, with the most severe damages concentrated in the world's hottest regions. They argue that this divide-a fault line that cuts across existing social, economic, and political divisions-will produce diverging political responses to the changing climate. People, businesses, and governments on the more vulnerable side of the fault line are highly motivated to address climate change because they directly experience its intensifying effects. Those on the other side, however, have less motivation to address the problem, and when they do enact climate policy, it's mainly for other reasons-cleaner air, economic gains, or greater energy security.

Gazmararian and Milner support their argument-which departs from the prevailing wisdom that Northern European states are climate leaders whereas developing nations are free riders-by bringing together models from economics, geosciences and political science. The data show that voters and businesses with the most to lose are reshaping the incentives and policies of local and national governments below the fault line. Unequal harm, not shared global vulnerability, increasingly informs climate politics.

This book examines the populist economic policies implemented by the Polish government and the impact they have had on business stakeholders. With a particular focus on the period 2015 to 2023, it explores the mechanics of populist politics to provide insight into the relationship between governments and business, and to show how these policies undermine economic development and impact broader society. The legacy of populist regimes is also evaluated, with a particular focus given to the legal and institutional obstacles created by these governments that restrict the ability of subsequent governments to create positive change.

This book offers unique insight into the downfall of the recent Polish government and provides a warning for other countries enacting populist economic policies. It will be relevant to students, researchers, and policymakers interested in the political economy and economic policy.

This book offers a more comprehensive exploration of Pliny the Elder's contribution to ancient medicine as preserved in his Natural History, reassessing its role within Greek and Roman medical traditions and tracing the transmission of Pliny's medical material across antiquity, late antiquity, the middle ages, and the Renaissance. Bringing together scholars in classics, ancient medicine, pharmacology, philology, and the history of science, the book investigates Pliny's methodological approaches, his engagement with natura, and his use of both Greek and Latin sources, situating his encyclopaedic project within broader medical and scientific cultures.

Divided into three parts, this book examines Pliny's position within the medical world of antiquity, analysing his dialogue with Greek medical thought, his treatment of materia medica, herbal knowledge, toxicology, and medical amulets, and his wider influence on Roman medical theory and practice. It then considers the reception and adaptation of Plinian medicine in later centuries, showing how epitomes, medical compendia, poetic reworkings, humanist scholarship, and Renaissance therapeutic writing reframed his ideas for new intellectual contexts. Together, these studies demonstrate Pliny's enduring significance for the development of medical literature, pharmacology, and early scientific thought, and provide an essential resource for researchers in classics, ancient medicine, and the history of science.