How corporations have increasingly embraced the sharing of knowledge as a competitive strategy

Innovation is more important than ever, yet breakthroughs are becoming harder to achieve. Modern technologies, from artificial intelligence and 5G networks to biotech, are so complex that they require collaboration across companies, industries, and countries. Increasingly, firms are discovering that sharing knowledge can be more powerful, and more profitable, than guarding it. In Rethinking Innovation, distinguished economists Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole examine ways that corporations have embraced the sharing of knowledge as a competitive strategy. Open-source software, for example, has seen multibillion-dollar public offerings and shifting business strategies, producing high-profile disputes over what openness actually entails. Across high-tech industries, new forms of knowledge-sharing are transforming how companies develop and exploit new technologies.

Lerner and Tirole explore three key organizational structures that make this collaboration possible: patent pools, which bundle essential patents and make them available to firms seeking to license them; standard-setting organizations, where companies agree on common technical templates and commit to making related patents available on fair terms; and open-source communities, in which users share innovations freely with others. Drawing on decades of pioneering research, Lerner and Tirole explain how these institutions emerged, how they work in practice, and how they can both promote innovation and create new challenges for competition and policy. Combining economic insight with vivid case studies-from early efforts to coordinate aircraft patents to contemporary battles over artificial intelligence and global technology standards-Rethinking Innovation reveals how firms collaborate to develop and commercialize complex technologies. Clear and accessible throughout, this book offers a guide to the forces reshaping modern innovation for managers, policymakers, and scholars.

This book unpacks the process of financialization in the planning of urban mega-projects. On one hand, it explores the literature on real estate finance within the context of planning; on the other, it showcases two case studies to explain how the financialization of urban mega-projects operates. By framing urban mega-projects, real estate, and financialization trajectories, the book examines unconventional planning and real estate concepts nowadays affecting urban studies. Conceptualizations of urban mega-projects, planning tools, as well as real estate markets, assets, and funds are widely described. Moreover, the case comparative analysis of the property financialization and spatial planning of Amsterdam South Axis and Milano Innovation District provides evidence-based and usable knowledge for both scholars and practitioners, by illustrating aspects of plan-making, decision-making and business strategies usually unknown in the field of urban policy analysis.

Enhanced Cooperation Revisited offers a detailed and thought-provoking examination of one of the EU's most discussed yet rarely applied tools for differentiated integration. Situated between supranational ambition and national sovereignty, enhanced cooperation allows groups of Member States to adopt EU law among them when unanimity proves to be out of reach -without changing the Treaties or creating opt-outs. The book explores enhanced cooperation as a legal and political mechanism that enables integration through flexibility. Departing from a thorough, yet innovative legal analysis and incorporating interdisciplinary insights, the study presents a fresh typology of enhanced cooperation uses, proposes innovative interpretations of its legal framework, and explores options like fast-track procedures and conditional participation, as well as a field-map of legal areas suitable for enhanced cooperation. A novel proposal for "incentivised cooperation" suggests a targeted Treaty amendment to make the mechanism more promising as a facilitating tool in the most contested policy areas. Enhanced Cooperation Revisited casts new light on a little-used but powerful tool in the EU's integration arsenal-one that may yet help the European Union in reconciling unity and diversity in the years ahead.

This book critically examines recent interpretations of the Roman poet Lucretius by contemporary materialists. Inspired by his vision of matter in motion and the generativity of nature, political theorists, literary scholars and process philosophers today attribute ideas to Lucretius that anticipate their own innovative work in their respective fields. What should we make of this phenomenon? Why does Lucretius feature so prominently in recent materialisms, and what justifies treating him as a precursor or ancient double?

The New Lucretians, Contemporary Materialism and Historical Method focuses on four thinkers-Vittorio Morfino, Jacques Lezra, Jane Bennett, and Thomas Nail-and places them in a genealogy of interpreters going back over a century in spiritualist philosophy, poststructuralism, Marxism, and science studies. It also reflects on questions of historical method, testing how well various historiographic approaches fit their work and justify their use of Lucretius. These include approaches the new Lucretians explicitly endorse-such as radical ideas about nonlinear history and translation-and others that they do not-such as Straussian reading between the lines, motivated reasoning, analytic rational reconstruction, and creative experimentation with canons of philosophical heroes.

It is essential reading for all scholars, researchers and advanced students interested in forging links between contemporary and ancient philosophy and balancing the risks of that endeavour with its promises.

This book explores the social context of healthcare innovation and highlights the emergent and contingent nature of implementing change. Drawing on empirical evidence, it examines the ways in which people and organisations engage in collective sensemaking processes to create meanings that enable innovation to become integrated into health care practice. With contributions from a range of cross-disciplinary authors and perspectives, the book ultimately advocates for a more open and interpretive approach to implementation, drawing together lessons learnt across the cases presented. This leads to a closer consideration of the processes through which collective sensemaking shape the implementation of healthcare innovation and change.

Chapters 1, 4 and 5 are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book takes a novel approach to analysing tax evasion by integrating classic economic deterrence models with intrinsic motivation research. Bringing together these two so-far disparate strands of research, it will bridge economic and behavioural perspectives on tax compliance and offer future directions for research and policy applications.

The book examines tax evasion through the combined lenses of external incentives (including audit probabilities, penalties, enforcement) and intrinsic motivations (such as tax morale and the exchange equity model). Addressing a crucial topic in public economics and finance, the book explores a range of social contexts in which tax behaviour manifests and integrates these fully into classic economic analyses of tax avoidance. This will be a fascinating read for scholars working across law, economics and behavioural science, as well as professionals in public policy.

Gaining insight into the judgments related to geographical indications is essential to understanding how the complex puzzle of GI protection fits together within European Union law. This system empowers producers to manage their respective geographical indications, enabling them to respond to growing societal demands for sustainable products. The scope of protection is carefully calibrated to balance the intellectual property rights of agrifood GIs with the coexistence of pre-existing trademarks. Notably, the protection of GIs extends beyond mere conceptual evocation, also encompassing cases involving figurative signs and even product shapes. A review of European Court of Justice and General Court case law reveals a clear trend in favour of protecting geographical indications, reinforcing the importance of this intellectual property right.

The book presents different perspectives and methodological approaches related to the development of gender equality plans and gender budgeting ranging from empirical legal studies to doctrinal contributions, national or field specific case studies to historical and comparative assessments, domestic as well as international perspectives, conceptual as well as practical considerations.

Industry 4.0 technologies help in reducing the set -up time and cost, lead times, labor and material cost and enhance productivity, flexibility, customization and value addition. Additionally, industry 4.0 helps in decreasing the energy and resources consumption that leads to decreased waste creation and carbon emission in the assembly, production and supply chain operations.

The research curated here examines the critical link between Industry 4.0 technologies and green supply chain management (GSCM) implementation to achieve supply chain sustainability. The chapters emphasize the necessity of digital transformation in firms in order to achieve sustainable performance, as well as the rising importance of sustainability in organizational strategy, product innovation, and process re-engineering. Furthermore, it investigates the inclusion of Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance sustainability in SCM operations, with a special emphasis on the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) 2030 and the post-COVID-19 scenario.

Asymmetric arbitration and jurisdiction agreements have recently sparked debate among legal scholars and courts in many jurisdictions worldwide. Adopting a holistic approach, this book examines their enforceability in leading civil law and common law jurisdictions (France, Germany, UK, US) and beyond, under the New York Arbitration Convention, the European Arbitration Convention, the Brussels Ibis Regulation and the Lugano Convention, while also considering the case law of the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights.

Party autonomy is the starting point in any discussion of both choice of court clauses (in transnational litigation) and arbitration clauses (in international arbitration). Parties are in principle free to determine the forum, typically the exclusive forum. But does party autonomy allow parties to enforce asymmetric choice of forum clauses? Several legal systems and commentators favor solutions that lie at an extreme. For some, party autonomy requires respect for such clauses as drafted, at least if freely and fairly agreed upon, while for others, equality and fundamental fairness demand that no such provisions be enforced. This book skillfully navigates between these extremes, demonstrating that neither of these values need necessarily override the other. If we value both party autonomy and elemental fairness, then it behooves us to find a middle ground. That precisely is what Richard Schmidt both undertakes and achieves in this masterful book. - Prof. George A. Bermann, Columbia University School of Law, USA

This book offers a compelling analysis of asymmetric jurisdiction and arbitration agreements in a broad comparative context. For the arbitration community, this publication is especially important, as a valid arbitration agreement is a cornerstone of arbitration. Yet the enforceability of asymmetric choice of forum agreements remains a pressing and practical concern rather than a purely academic debate, considering the diverging international case law. Confronting this inconsistency, Schmidt undertakes an in-depth comparative study drawing on EU legislation and jurisprudence, common law and civil law traditions, and relevant supranational regulations. This volume makes a significant and timely contribution to the international arbitration literature and will be an interesting read for scholars and practitioners alike. - Dr. hab. Beata Gessel-Kalinowska vel Kalisz, Prof. Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences

This book covers the use of digital technologies to improve human health and wellbeing. Included are policy trends in Japan, innovative examples, and recommendations for future directions, providing references not only for Japan but for other countries as well.

In Japan, digital technologies have been introduced in health and wellbeing services over the past 20 years. These technologies have expanded the scope of healthcare from simply treating illness to promoting health and preventing disease.

Early adopters, both providers and recipients of the digitally enabled services, have reaped the advantages of their introduction; however, these technologies have not yet been adopted by the country as a whole. For that reason, and especially with the decline in the working-age population, the government has adopted measures to promote and facilitate the use of digital technologies for health and wellbeing. Those and other steps are being taken to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of health and wellbeing services.

This book introduces the current status of the use of digital technologies to promote the health and wellness of recipients. It also explains the improvement of healthcare institutions using digital data as evidence. Additionally, for comparison, the book shows trends in international standardization activities.

Now in its third edition, this authoritative practitioner-led guide to investor relations (IR) builds on the foundations laid in its 2008 debut and 2013 update, reflecting how the discipline of IR has evolved. While tools, technologies, and investor expectations have developed, the book remains anchored in its core conviction: Investor relations is a strategic management function that influences valuation, access to capital, and the cost of capital.

Combining financial analysis, strategic communication, and capital markets insight, the book provides structured frameworks and practical methodologies drawn from decades of international experience. It offers clear guidance for senior executives, investor relations professionals, financial analysts, and students seeking a rigorous understanding of how companies compete for capital in increasingly complex and scrutinised markets.

Unlike much of the existing literature, which often focuses on compliance or US-specific regulatory practice, this edition adopts a distinctly global perspective. It addresses the realities faced by both public and private companies seeking to attract long-term investors and diversify their shareholder base across borders, including from an emerging markets standpoint.

Whether refining an established IR function or building one from the ground up, readers will find actionable frameworks, real-world examples, and measurement approaches that position investor relations as an integrated driver of valuation discipline, long-term shareholder value creation, and sustained stakeholder trust.

Leading Organizational Wellbeing explores how leaders can advance organizational wellbeing by applying practices from the Social (S) pillar of ESG to enhance employee satisfaction, reputation, social impact, and customer loyalty. It provides a seven-level framework of the economics of organizational wellbeing that provides a broader perspective on its impact. Drawing on insights from eight experts, it examines what enables people and organizations to thrive and highlights evidence based approaches leaders can implement to unlock human and organizational potential.

Leading Organizational Wellbeing frames organizational wellbeing as a multi-level concept that extends from individuals and teams to industries, nations, and global systems. Topics include mindful leadership, the psychological impact of language, strength-based leadership, positive emotions, and solution-focused approaches. The book also presents a heart centered leadership model integrating cardiovascular and neuroscientific research, as well as the roles of movement, joy, and play in fostering wellbeing. This book is useful for professionals and leaders wanting to create a business that excels with motivated workers, as well as researchers, scholars, and students in leadership, organizational development, and strategy.

How Walt Whitman's philosophy of death prepares the soul for freedom and equality

Humans fantasize about immortality. Billionaires dabble in cryonics, politicians build monuments to themselves, and writers donate their papers to libraries. In Die Your Own Death, Jack Turner argues that the quest for immortality-literal or symbolic-is politically destructive. He does so through a meditation on the work of Walt Whitman. Whitman held that democracy prepares individuals to "die their own deaths"-free of fear, resentment, and illusion. In Whitman's "existential democracy," accepting death strengthens freedom and equality. And yet, Turner finds, Whitman only half succeeded in forging a democratic philosophy of death. As Whitman's thought evolved in response to changing ideas about nation, race, and empire, he encouraged citizens to seek immortality through racial imperialism-the expansion of white empire from North America to the Pacific Islands-as a monument to American greatness.

Turner explores the poetics of death in Leaves of Grass and its relationship to Whitman's democratic theory ("I exist as I am, that is enough"). Through a close analysis of Drum-Taps and Memoranda During the War, Turner shows that Whitman sought to redeem the mass slaughter of the Civil War by cloaking it in poetic and national glory. And in Whitman's greatest prose work, Democratic Vistas, Turner argues, Whitman envisioned an antidemocratic national immortalism that ignored Native sovereignty and Black equality. Turner exposes the dark side of Whitman's philosophy of death, but he also reveals how that philosophy can still be a resource in the ongoing struggle for freedom and equality.

Reclaiming the Climate Agenda: Indigenous Knowledge and Global Sustainability is a pioneering volume that challenges the dominant climate discourse and advocates for a more inclusive approach to sustainability. Through a diverse collection of contributions from experts in environmental science, Indigenous studies, and climate policy from around the globe, this edited collection highlights the critical role Indigenous knowledge plays in fostering resilience, adaptation, ecological balance and economic growth. It presents compelling case studies of Indigenous-led conservation, explores the intersections between traditional ecological knowledge and scientific innovation, and calls for decolonizing climate governance. By centering Indigenous voices and advocating for epistemological pluralism, this work provides an essential roadmap for integrating Indigenous knowledge into global sustainability efforts.

Bringing together scholars, policymakers, and Indigenous leaders, this collection is an invaluable resource for anyone committed to climate justice and sustainable development. Whether you are a researcher, activist, or policymaker, Reclaiming the Climate Agenda offers critical insights into building a more just, inclusive, and effective response to the climate crisis.

This volume examines key theoretical and practical dimensions of current world-economic developments, emphasizing emerging analytical frameworks, shifting industrial policies, the digital and green transitions, disinflation dynamics, productivity recovery, investment in human capital, fiscal sustainability, and financial-market vulnerabilities. Featuring selected contributions presented at the 2024 Economic Scientific Research - Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches (ESPERA) International Conference, the book analyzes the transformative forces reshaping national economies and the policy instruments suited to diverse regional contexts. The shared challenges confronting countries worldwide are considered to highlight the need for new policy levers to strengthen resilience and long-term development. In addition, the chapters call for a renewed economic vision that integrates technological advances, including generative AI, with sustainability and shock-resistant growth models.

Featuring dynamic modeling, innovative methodology, and quantitative analyses and evaluations, this volume is beneficial to researchers, scholars, academics, students, professionals, and decision-makers interested in the developments in the new world economy.

This book breaks the trading journey into three clear stages: Preparation, Process, and Practice. Through this structure, the book helps readers develop a professional mindset, master a disciplined approach to identifying, executing, managing, and evaluating trades, and follow a structured path of deliberate practice to improve consistency and performance.

Learn to Trade Like a Professional matters now more than ever, with the rapid rise in amateur retail trading and a shortage of credible, experience-backed education. Unlike many titles in the space, this book is written by an author who has trained professional traders globally - both inside trading firms and as a lecturer at a leading UK university - blending real-world institutional insight with academic clarity to create a structured, accessible, and practical learning experience.

This book presents a comprehensive, step-by-step framework used by institutional traders, teaching not just what to trade but how to think, operate, and improve like a professional. It combines institutional insight with real-world coaching experience, presented in an accessible, grounded tone with practical tools, case studies, and exercises to reinforce learning. This book stands alone as a professional-level resource for serious retail traders, offering not just information but transformation.

This book examines assassinations in Lebanon from 1951 through 2005, addressing the impunity with which these killings have occurred and the impact of these assassinations on the political environment within the country. One core component of the book is the discussion of accountability and investigations of assassinations in Lebanon, with one full chapter devoted to a broad discussion of accountability and the impact of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. Another core component of the book is the case study approach-providing in-depth analysis of five assassinations that hold significance for the political landscape of Lebanon.

A multifaceted cultural history of pilgrimage and travel to the Holy Land from the Middle Ages to the dawn of the twentieth century

For countless pilgrims throughout history, the Holy Land was a destination unlike any other. Travelling there could free you of your sins, get you knighted or offer hope of being cured of illness. Above all, it brought you closer to the mystery surrounding places laden with religious meaning. But for Christians in particular, the journey was often very different from what they expected and the gap between expectation and reality plunged more than a few into deep crisis. They Came to the Holy Land tells the remarkable stories of those who undertook this taxing and often dangerous trip to Palestine.

Drawing on travel writings spanning the medieval era to the end of the Ottoman Empire, many newly translated and presented in English for the first time, Bernd Brunner reveals how the Holy Land was a place of both fulfillment and disappointment for Jews, Muslims and Christians who were drawn there by religious fervour, the thirst for knowledge or misinformation. We meet a host of fascinating characters, from German Templers and American missionaries to Zionist visionaries, Indigenous dragomans, scientists, aristocrats and pilgrims journeying alone. What they all had in common was a destination whose peoples, cultures and arid landscape often proved a source of profound disillusionment.

Historically insightful and richly told, They Came to the Holy Land brings to life the experiences of swashbucklers, true believers and border crossers of every kind, offering a vivid portrait of how the Holy Land was imagined, misunderstood and rediscovered over the centuries.

America's staggering racial and economic divides did not emerge by accident-they were built. Stratification Economics exposes how centuries of law, policy, and institutional design manufactured inequality, from slavery and land dispossession to redlining, deregulation, and modern tax regimes that funnel wealth upward. Neoliberal ideology, the book shows, cloaks these structures in the language of markets and meritocracy, obscuring how privatization, austerity, and constitutional doctrine consistently entrench hierarchy. Across domains-housing, labor, education, corporate power, and the courts-the same pattern recurs: policies that appear neutral in theory reproduce racial and class stratification in practice.

Against this backdrop, the manuscript advances Stratification Economics as a transformative framework for understanding and undoing inequality. Drawing on cutting-edge empirical research, it reveals discrimination as a rational strategy of group advantage and offers a clear blueprint for equitable reform. In doing so, it reframes the American economy not as an engine of opportunity, but as a system we must redesign to achieve it.

This book offers a collection of essays on the history and background of the mechanization of natural philosophy in the 16th and 17th centuries. It rewrites the history of mechanism and shows that the philosophical ideas present in Descartes and Newton's era have a history much longer and more complicated than previously thought. It presents new, original research on three aspects of the mechanical tradition, namely causal powers and laws of nature, conceptions of matter, and the concept of cause, especially final causes. Previous research has indicated that the development of mechanical philosophy in the 17th century is much indebted to the late Aristotelian philosophers of the 16th century. This book, however, takes a further step back in history and by studying the three aspects of the mechanical tradition, shows that philosophical reflection on these topics started in the 14th century and continued up to the time of Newton. The new insights gained by the editors and contributors ensures this book is of great interest to scholars in history of philosophy and historians of science interested in mechanization.