Entries provide a detailed definition and overview of each topic, drawing on social psychology, positive psychology, attitudes, emotions and vocational interests. The entries also evaluate various methods of measurement, addressing the impact of response distortion such as the social-desirability bias. Contributors investigating the psychological effects of the internet and social media, with forward-thinking entries on doxxing, ghosting, internet trolling and the manosphere are included.

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences is an essential resource for scholars and students of personality, organisational, occupational, economic, and social psychology looking to expand their understanding of core topics and discover new and niche research areas.

Key Features:

• Contains over 160 topical entries
• Covers unique and contemporary research in the field of personality psychology
• Examines the Intergroup Threat theory to shed light on interpersonal behaviours
• Outlines and analyses key research findings while suggesting directions for future scholarship

The Post-Global City seeks to open a new field of analytical inquiry that examines knowledge production and technological developments in urban Africa rooted in local, historical realities, while also partaking in transnational, global processes. This work explores the ways in which urban residents have utilized technologies and networks to operate around, under, and beyond the state and the international "order," and challenges the stereotypical images of Africa as a continent either devoid of technology or filled with either broken technologies or technologies from the Global North or Asia. This book focuses on accounts and critiques of new "Rising Africa" ideologies, examining megaprojects such as geothermal and hydroelectric plants with new networked startups that circumvent state and patriarchal hierarchies, women vendors selling online, youths designing and constructing oil refining technologies and tech startups working across diasporas.

Grounded in ethnographic fieldwork carried out in urban spaces in Nigeria, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Gabon, Cameroon, and Tanzania, The Post-Global City brings together voices from Africa, Europe, and the United States to inquire into the dialectics between technology and the urban on the African continent.

Inside the farming traditions that have supported food sovereignty and community resistance in past and present Tlaxcala

In this book, Keitlyn Alcantara draws on research from the state of Tlaxcala in Mexico to describe how its people resisted imperial domination and survived centuries of upheaval. Threatened by embargoes from the Aztec Empire and later colonial pressures, the Tlaxcalteca relied on the milpa-a maize-based agricultural system-and on the many wild plants within it that supported change and survival. Alcantara reveals the milpa as a living foodweb and philosophy of interconnection that sustained communities through terrace farming, household gardens, use of wild and domesticated fruit and nut trees, and the stewardship of rivers and wetlands.

An Archaeology of Milpa Cultures bridges past and present to show how ancient strategies of interdependence continue to nourish contemporary campesino food sovereignty movements in Tlaxcala, even amid industrial pollution and monocropped landscapes. Incorporating bioarchaeological dietary isotope studies, Indigenous worldviews, and ethnographic research, this book illuminates how food sovereignty became a cornerstone of community resistance. Alcantara demonstrates that the lessons of the milpa inspire new visions for climate resilience, inviting readers to imagine a future rooted in collaboration, diversity, and care for the land.

Analyzing how Peruvian feminist art and activism subverts and reclaims the chola stereotype to confront colonial and patriarchal institutions.

Indigenous Andean women have long been derided in Peru, spurned by colonial and then national elites as depraved cholas. Olga Rodriguez-Ulloa shows how contemporary artists and activists not only reclaim this term of abuse but also mobilize the stereotype of the angry and perverted chola to confront the cruelties of patriarchy, capitalism, and white supremacy.

Sadistic Cholas examines music, visual arts, literature, and grassroots organizing by self-identified cholas-in particular, Black women and trans and queer feminists. Under colonial domination, cholas were destined for sexual coercion, labor extraction, and reproductive exploitation. While exhuming historical traces of chola resistance, Rodriguez-Ulloa argues that this condition of oppression persisted through the internal war of the 1980s, when Marxist women at the forefront of the armed campaign were condemned as hypersexual deviants. Inspired by their leftist forebears, today's artists experiment with an aesthetic of sadistic vengeance, configured as rightful self-defense. Yet, in spite of their violent imagery, activist cholas pursue nonviolent goals, promoting a commons of care incorporating people, animals, and the environment.

This volume brings together scholars from across disciplines to explore the intricate intersections of narrative, communication, and religion. Ranging from theoretical reflections to case-based analyses, the chapters examine how religions intersect and interact with, as well as function as, individual, and grand narratives. How are these (meta)narratives communicated, and how do individuals interpret and transmit them within their own lived experience? Rather than advocating a single interpretive framework, Narrative, Communication, and Religion presents a dialogue among competing theories and methods. Contributors probe the use, understanding, and study of narrative within religious contexts, asking foundational questions about how meaning is produced, conveyed, and reimagined. By juxtaposing diverse disciplinary perspectives, the volume clarifies the epistemological foundations of narrative inquiry in religious studies and opens new pathways for coherent, interdisciplinary understanding. A vital contribution to the growing field of narrative theory and religion, this book offers a rich conceptual and methodological map for scholars seeking to understand how stories shape faith - and how faith, in turn, shapes stories.

This Open Access book offers a philosophical exploration of eco-anxiety. As knowledge about the rapidly degrading living conditions on Earth becomes more accurate, the impacts of environmental problems become more visible, and Anthropocene scenarios proliferate in films, television series, and novels, eco-anxiety emerges as a global and socially widespread phenomenon. Given the scale and severity of planetary boundary transgressions, feeling anxious about the future of human and non-human life has become a fitting emotional response. But what exactly is eco-anxiety? And how can we address its adverse effects on mental health and harness its constructive behavioural responses? This book answers these questions by developing an in-depth conceptual analysis of the notion of eco-anxiety and explaining how ecological citizenship, with its focus on hope, carbon sobriety, and courage, can help us live with eco-anxiety.

Uncovering evidence that ancestor veneration was deeply rooted in Wari society, shaping Wari expansion, rituals, and statecraft

This volume examines the central role of ancestors in Andean society during the Wari Empire of the Middle Horizon period (600-1000 CE), centuries before the rise of the Incas. As one of the earliest expansionist states in the Americas, the Wari laid the foundations of statecraft later adopted by the Inca. Their imperial growth was shaped by environmental changes linked to the El Nino cycle, which brought drought to the Ayacucho heartland and drove the search for new farmland. Empire of the Ancestors shows that expansion also required honoring ancestors, who oversaw the life-sustaining flow of water from underground channels and glacial lakes.

Presenting archaeological evidence from throughout the Wari territory, including Huari, the capital, this volume reveals changes in how ancestors were treated and revered over time. Contributors explore many expressions of ancestor veneration at Wari sites: tombs designed with space for offerings, mummy bundles and body modifications, burial architecture integrated into ritual landscapes, and depictions of ancestors in ceramics and other media. Together, the evidence shows that ancestor veneration was not an Inca development but a long-standing Andean tradition inherited from the Wari.

This book assesses the opportunities and outcomes for shared-action learning, participatory approaches, and university-community partnerships to support climate adaptation and climate justice in the US Caribbean. The authors explore the ways that project-based pedagogies and collaborative research can contribute not only to building climate resilience and social infrastructures, but more broadly to generating new modes of experimental climate creativity knowledge sharing. They investigate the potential in leveraging federal research funding for climate resilience, for experimenting with co-production of knowledge and the move towards greater climate justice through processes of creative collaboration. With a focus on Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands, this book seeks to offer insights on how academic researchers can engage in ethical collaborations that will support climate vulnerable communities exercise self-determination, equitable climate adaptation, and place-keeping - rather than displacement.

This book examines the transformative role of crowd-sourced data and AI-driven analytics in redefining urban environments. This book presents a thorough investigation into how large-scale and real-time data-harnessed from mobile devices, sensors, and participatory inputs-enhances urban systems, including transportation, public safety, sustainability, and civic engagement. Through cutting-edge data analytics, machine learning techniques, and scalable system architectures, the book demonstrates how intelligent urban management is achieved.

This book integrates theoretical foundations with applied perspectives, offering a structured discussion around three central domains including Urban Crowdsensing Practices (i.e., concepts, models, and service patterns), Data Processing and Analytics (e.g., data fusion, machine learning, and intelligent frameworks), and Technological Enablers (such as mobile sensing, IoT, and cloud-based systems). Key Contributions of this book are:

1. Innovative Integration of Technologies: Demonstrates the convergence of crowdsensing, AI, big data analytics, and IoT to support intelligent and responsive urban decision making.

2. Practical Applications and Case Studies: Showcases real-world implementations of crowdsensing, highlighting its tangible impact on smart city development and urban innovation.

3. Interdisciplinary and Forward-Looking Perspectives: Bridges academia, industry, and policy, offering actionable insights for researchers, engineers, planners, and decision-makers.

This book brings together past and present empirical materials to examine the connections between past politics of land and conservation and contemporary land and natural resource conservation struggles in the Mapungubwe region, contending that addressing South Africa's vexed present requires fuller reckoning with its past. Specifically, the study highlights how land and conservation are politicised and looks at power dynamics in nature conservation initiatives. It argues that the establishment of nature conservation projects is not only determined by scientific knowledge and passion about conservation and resource management, but by social and political processes at local, regional and national level.

This book will be an invaluable reference for conservationists, resource scientists, government officials, scholars or academics, students, policy makers, and stakeholders interested in conservation and natural resource management. It argues that passion and good intention alone are not sufficient inducements to the protection of nature, but involving local communities and those who are affected by protected areas can play a significant role in the success of conservation projects.

Cities are active policy innovators of global importance, whether responding to climate change, migration, poverty, or health disparities, or aiming to generate growth. Since cities adapt to the needs and interests of global capital, they may implement policies that slight the well-being of everyday residents and the most vulnerable. How cities choose to contribute to a democratic and sustainable future reveals dimensions of political life playing out in society at large.

Global Urban Policy suggests that to understand contemporary societal transformation-and political and policy processes more generally-we need to study the policies that cities create and implement. Going beyond thinking of "urban" as a physical site, the authors show that an urban mode of life is one marked by diversity, complexity, chaos, flexibility, and ongoing change. With eleven empirical case studies, the authors examine issues including housing and urban development, migration, climate change, and crime in cities as varied as Berlin, Medellin, Chicago, Accra, Guangzhou, Sao Paulo, Mumbai, and Saint Etienne. The studies show how contemporary confrontations between public and private property, power and justice, participation and exclusion, wealth and poverty, and emerging technology and existing economic, social, and political structures take physical form in cities. Global Urban Policy engages with theoretical developments in public policy, urban politics, and urban studies to develop and demonstrate a framework for urban policy analysis.

This book examines African migration through the lens of media, memory, and contested belonging, offering fresh insights into displacement, identity, misinformation, and digital storytelling. It provides a clear, research-based account of hidden migration stories, challenging dominant media portrayals while updating our understanding of longing, belonging, hybridity, and place in African mobility.

Across its four carefully structured parts, the book moves from migration beyond headlines to the emotional geographies of lost homes, fractured families, and the inner struggles of diasporic identity. It explores gendered journeys, silenced histories, and the unspoken realities of intra-African and intercontinental movement, revealing how secrets, rituals, objects, and memory shape migrant lives. The text then turns to politics and power, examining colonial legacies, fragile migration governance, nationalism, and the politics of knowledge that influence how African migration is understood and controlled.

The final section of the book focuses on digital belonging, surveillance, and social media, showing how African migrants use online spaces to disrupt dominant narratives, resist misinformation and disinformation, and reclaim voice and visibility. By combining media studies, migration research, and storytelling, the work offers a vital resource for students, researchers, journalists, policymakers, and general readers searching for authoritative, accessible, and transformative perspectives on African migration, media narratives, identity, and place in a globalised world.

This book provides a compelling and timely exploration of passive design strategies in the coastal city of Bushehr, revealing how centuries-old architectural wisdom can inform today's urgent sustainability agenda. Set against the backdrop of escalating global warming and the high energy demand of HVAC systems, it demonstrates how vernacular solutions can significantly enhance building performance in hot-humid climates. Drawing from Bushehr's rich architectural heritage, the book showcases climate-responsive orientation, spatial organization, natural ventilation methods, and innovative shading systems that ensured thermal comfort long before mechanical cooling existed. Combining field observations, environmental measurements, and insights from traditional building owners, it illustrates how these proven techniques can be refined through modern engineering analysis and seamlessly integrated into contemporary construction. Written for architects, engineers, students, and urban planners, this book serves as both a vital documentation of cultural heritage and a practical roadmap for designing energy-efficient, climate-adaptive, and culturally grounded buildings in coastal and hot and humid regions worldwide.

This book offers an examination of the intersection of American civil religion, religious nationalism, and American militarism. Tracing civil-religious themes like American chosenness, America's place in the unfolding design of Providence, the dedication to freedom at home and abroad, and the memory of the soldier's sacrifice. This book analyses the speeches of American presidents from Washington and Lincoln to Kennedy, Reagan, Bush, and Obama, showing how they have consistently used these themes to justify and promote American militarism. Contributing to the growing body of scholarship on American civil religion by conceptually demarcating American civil religion, religious nationalism, and Christian nationalism. This adds a dimension of cultural analysis to some existing works that approach similar topics. It is an interesting read for scholars of civil religion.

This book provides an in-depth analysis of youth's environmental activism in urban Indonesia. Led by a cohort of middle class, educated youth, the environmental movement Baksil emerged to protect the city forest Babakan Siliwangi in the capital of Indonesia's West Java province, Bandung. Spanning the period between childhood, adolescence and early adulthood, this book offers a new look at the development of ecological habits and environmental consciousness throughout the life course of Indonesian youth. Employing Pierre Bourdieu's habitus as a theoretical framework, the author traces the youths' emerging eco-consciousness, their love for nature and commitment to ethical consumption, their training as activists and eventual participation in the Babakan Siliwangi urban movement. The author's life-history method to uncover the trajectory stages of becoming an environmental activist in urban Indonesia is a valuable addition to the extant literature of environmental sociology and social movements. As an interdisciplinary work on a timely and important topic, this book will also appeal to scholars and students of area studies (particularly Indonesia and Southeast Asia) and youth studies.

Joko Widodo-popularly called Jokowi-ruled Indonesia for a decade, from 2014 to 2024. The world's fourth-largest nation and third-largest democracy, Indonesia had embarked on a messy democratic transition in the late 1990s, with the country's ethnic and religious heterogeneity posing significant challenges to governance. Initially seen as a reformer who might challenge oligarchic structures, Jokowi was slowly but steadily seen as himself being a threat to democracy. By the time Jokowi wrapped up his presidency, he had achieved the highest approval ratings among Indonesia's post-authoritarian presidents-and became the president with the tightest grip over Indonesia's political elite.

Based on exclusive interviews with Jokowi and many of Indonesia's top leaders, Ruling Indonesia shows Jokowi as a president obsessively preoccupied with his economic development agenda, subordinating all other aspects of governance to this goal. His focused approach delivered economic successes and unprecedented popularity, but also seriously undermined the health of Indonesia's democratic institutions. Offering a holistic appraisal of his decade in office, Marcus Mietzner analyzes Jokowi's domestic record in the context of his attempts to position Indonesia more favorably in the international competition for power and resources. Crucially, his obsession to push Indonesia closer to industrialized status while neglecting democratic development represented the ambitions and trials of many Global South leaders who are trying to juggle economic development, growing Sino-American tensions around the world, and concerns for democratic rights. As such, this book provides valuable insights into how the great power rivalry of the 21st century and the global recession of democracy are playing out in central arenas of the Global South.

Contributing authors highlight the growing gap between research on traditional media effects, which frequently relies on limited survey data, and the realities of digital information dissemination through platforms and algorithms. Drawing on both conceptual and methodological frameworks, the book provides crucial insights into how non-human actors and platform affordances impact communication and information flow. Chapters define essential theoretical concepts while outlining practical approaches, guidelines and future research directions. They discuss news consumption, hybrid media systems, social capital, computational methods, algorithmic curation systems and the visualization of network topologies.

The Handbook of Social and Communication Networks consolidates the disciplinary boundaries of social and communication network research, making it a valuable resource for scholars and students of communication, media, sociology, computer science and information studies.

A study of Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid, widely recognized as the creator of Egyptian nationalism, and his impact on Egyptian culture and history.

Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid (1872-1963) stands among the most creative, impactful intellectuals of modern Egypt and the Middle East. While best known as the architect of Egyptian nationalism, his nationalist endeavor was in fact part of his broader project to bring enlightenment to Egypt under the yoke of British colonialism. Through his articles, editorials, and mentoring, his newspaper al-Jarida became a key forum for the lively debates of the time, ranging from the role of Islam in society to women's inclusion, all toward shaping a unique colonial modernity for his country.

The most comprehensive study of Lutfi, his writing, and his impact, Enlightenment in Colonial Egypt deconstructs the view that he was a covert apologist for empire out of admiration for the liberal aspects of European enlightenment. Lutfi faced this duality head on: He believed it essential to embrace parts of the West's enlightenment values and to decolonize and Egyptianize them in order to establish an authentic, indigenous, Egyptian civilization, appropriate for modernity. Israel Gershoni and Molly Bernstein argue that Lutfi successfully engaged with these most difficult challenges, shaping a detailed plan to implement enlightenment in the Egyptian national context.

The notion of intangible heritage as a key urban element is underexplored, yet inherently intertwined with urban life that can influence and be influenced by urban policies and practices. This book undertakes the fundamentally interdisciplinary tasks of conceptualizing intangible heritage and recognizing communities' roles as its stewards.

From celebration of new years to cultural expressions in daily life, such as religious practices, music and food, intangible heritage is an integral part of communities and individual lives, often considered a natural extension of their 'being'. Cultural practices are intertwined with human existence. Traditions and cultural expressions do not happen in isolation; they are conditioned by socio-cultural and urban spatiality.

The book offers compelling narratives, explorations, and testimonies on the intangible nature of heritage, and it highlights the challenge of the invisibility of heritage in urban discussions. This volume unpacks links between space, community, and heritage and interconnections between cities, urban characteristics, and the intangible heritage of communities in both normal and disastrous contexts. Contributions offer innovative and exploratory methods and representations of under-explored cases, balancing practical strategies and policy-oriented approaches with storytelling and experiential components.

How the memory of military dictatorship shapes Brazil's political divides and the far-right's rise.

Brazil's military dictatorship ended in 1985, but its history still looms large over the country. Since the restoration of democracy, national politics have been shaped by heated contestation over the dictatorship's legacy. Cristina Buarque de Hollanda and Jose Szwako examine how the state, the military, and civil society have variously mourned, celebrated, and suppressed memories of Brazil's violent past-and to what ends.

As the dictatorship faltered under pressure from the opposition in the streets and in Congress, popular opinion favored democracy, which often meant forgetting. Today, the Brazilian left contends that the past has been silenced, paving the way for Jair Bolsonaro and the far right. Yet the past has been intensely contested: media outlets, social movements, and official commissions have long documented the dictatorship and spurred reparations. Disputed Pasts argues that the conservative ascendency is a reaction to these efforts of remembrance. The right seeks to rehabilitate the violent past by discrediting victims and elevating the dictatorship's anti-communist ideology. Far from forgetting the past, Bolsonaro and Bolsonarismo actively remember and celebrate it.

Chapters cover ten core aspects of politics and political science which are discussed in relation to the climate challenge. Claes highlights how climate policy is centred around energy and the need to substitute the reliance on fossil fuels with non-emitting energy sources, but affirms that politics cannot itself accomplish this transition. The book argues that energy transition requires insight from many scientific disciplines, advances in engineering, technical inventions, and innovations and social adaption. Claes suggests the role of politics is vital, not only by reducing greenhouse gases by itself, but to make others do things that do so.

The Role of Politics in the Combat Against Climate Change is an essential guide for students and academics in politics and public policy, environmental governance and politics, international relations and climate change. It will also be of use to policymakers and industry professionals in these fields working to combat climate change.

Over the past seventy years, the world has been transitioning from an advanced industrial society and economy to a knowledge society and economy. The term "knowledge society" has been used freely with little concrete definition or characterization. A society is a living thing - it is complex, constantly changing, and multifaceted. Invisible for many years, the pieces and effects of the transition are increasingly evident. Today, people sense that a change is afoot, but they do not have a clear understanding of the nature of the change or how it will affect them. They are challenged to see how they can position themselves to thrive in the new society. A fundamental myth about a knowledge society is that it is focused on people who work in high-profile roles, whose work is information and data-intensive. In fact, a knowledge society is one that values and leverages knowledge as capital and recognizes the knowledge capital of every member of that society. The book explains how spaces and places affect how knowledge capital is created, leveraged, shared, adapted and regenerated in everyday living, working and socializing. The authors draw on the rich thinking and literature on spaces and places to illustrate these ideas in everyday life. The book fills a long-standing gap in the field of knowledge sciences and knowledge economics. It provides an anchor point for understanding the importance of the other aspects and subfields of knowledge management.

This monograph critically examines the intersection of gender, religion, and mental health in the context of COVID-19, centering African women's experiences. Drawing from the assertion that "pandemics wear the face of a woman", it explores how social, cultural, and religious frameworks shaped women's struggles and resilience during this unprecedented time. With a particular focus on sustainable religious interventions, the book offers insights into how faith communities can support mental well-being in ways that challenge oppression and foster healing. Grounded in interdisciplinary scholarship and empirical research, this book is an essential read for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to understand and address the long-term gendered consequences of global health crises.

This book, as the first Chinese monograph on China's overseas study history published in 1927, draws on rich historical sources to explore a pivotal 1870 turning point: Imperial China's break with centuries of tradition to send promising young students to America, Europe and Japan, a last-ditch effort to catch up with the modern world. Authored by Shu Xincheng (1893-1960), this work carries an ambivalence that endures today: it recognizes the policy's revolutionary role in China's social progress and modernization, yet warns that entrusting Chinese youth's minds to foreign powers endangered their cultural identity. He argues overseas study should serve a strict purpose-acquiring advanced knowledge and technology to fuel China's pursuit of catching up with industrialized nations. Beyond documenting this historical initiative, the book illuminates a long-standing dilemma for China: balancing the quest for global knowledge with preserving national and cultural identity, a tension dating to Imperial times. This English translation offers scholars and graduate students valuable insights into the developmental route and underlying logic of China's historical "rejuvenation."