Democratic capitalism is beset with many problems producing rising inequality and growing authoritarianism. Examples include homelessness, food insecurity, child poverty, mass killings, and rising antisemitism. These problems encourage the election of authoritarian leaders. This book describes new strategies to promote inclusion and reduce inequality that do not require D.E.I. policies or affirmative action, reduce government spending without wholesale firings and in the process make government more effective, and reduce individual distrust while increasing people's willingness to donate time and money to important causes that help others and the world.

The new strategies create systematic coordinated inter-organizational networks or SCIONs to achieve the following four objectives:

• Increase the amount and radicalness of product or service innovation
• Create a more diverse labor force with more and more varied skills
• Make health and welfare programs more efficient and effective
• Restore the balance between law and freedom in community safety

As a new mode of coordination, SCIONs provide to platforms for continued dialogue among diverse viewpoints, decentralize problem solving, and stimulate considerable organizational adaptiveness. They overcome the limitations of market and state coordination.

This macro sociological theory offers policy guidelines that might lead to future jobs for sociologists, provide tools to overcome managerial satisficing, and speed responses to change. A detailed case study is provided with a discussion of the feasibility of creating SCIONs and whether or not elites will resist this new coordination mode.

Given the broad range of topics, this book is relevant for many courses in the social sciences, for those interested in policy and social change, as well as the general public.

In today's world, analysing political language is more important than ever. This revised edition, while retaining the historically significant case studies, adds new analyses that reflect the 2010s and 2020s. It retains the original analytical tools, including the discourse space model, and in a fresh chapter advocates development of tools from neuroscience.

The book begins by exploring some fundamental questions concerning the relationship between language and politics, putting forward the idea that society, language and politics are closely intertwined. There cannot be any politics, as we know it, without language. The following chapters focus on key aspects of language in relation to political institutions, practices and ideologies: the interaction between speakers and hearers, the projection of different world-views, and the arousal of political emotions. The final chapters are devoted to historical examples of perennial political issues: racism, international conflict and the role of religion.

Written in a lively and engaging style with summaries and further reading to aid learning, this book provides an essential introduction to political discourse analysis for students of language, communication, politics sociology, international relations and applied linguistics.

This handbook provides a methodical, comprehensive, and unifying overview of the vibrant yet disparate scholarship on populism and foreign policy. By mapping the debates and existing findings, as well as presenting the different conceptual and theoretical lenses, the handbook provides new insights as to how, whether, and to what extent, populism influences foreign policy. Carefully selected international contributors connect their own work to others to offer a thorough, theoretically informed, and empirically tested academic treatment of the topic across a number of cases where populist actors are, or have been, in power. Divided into four parts (Concepts and Theories; Factors and Processes; Actors and Structures; Issues and Policy Areas), the diverse and comprehensive insights on the global, cross-regional, and transnational dimensions of populism will be of interest to scholars and students of international relations, political science, public policy, foreign policy, political theory, populism, and area studies. This text will also be of interest to those working from the perspectives of Sociology, Law, and History, as well as to the practitioners of international politics.

Isaiah Berlin is well known as a defender of liberal democracy in the Cold War. In this path-breaking study, George Crowder argues that Berlin's ideas have application beyond their original context to the problems of our own time.

Focusing on three central themes - liberty, identity, and value pluralism - Crowder presents a fresh interpretation of Berlin, exposing the misunderstandings of critics, especially those who ignore Berlin's pluralist foundation. Although genuine problems remain, these can be alleviated by revising and extending Berlin's view to construct an updated liberal pluralism. Together with Berlin's own arguments, liberal pluralism is then brought to bear on a range of current concerns, including neoliberalism, identity politics, populism, international relations, religion, feminism, climate change, and global pandemics. The resulting outlook is complex, realistic, humane, and positive.

Isaiah Berlin in the Twenty-First Century represents a new departure in the study of Berlin, value pluralism, and liberal thought more generally. It is essential reading for researchers and advanced students in these fields, but its wide range will appeal to anyone interested in the values and politics of our troubled times.

This book presents realistic alternatives to security policies based on nuclear weapons for the Northeast Asian region.

Northeast Asian governments and populations feel less secure than ever, and the governments of the USA, Russia, China, and North Korea are all expending considerable resources on increasing their nuclear arsenals. This book presents realistic alternatives to security policies dependent on threats to use nuclear weapons and demonstrations of the resolve to use them in a war. Those alternatives are grounded in the well-established concept of common security. The long-term goal of these alternatives is the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Northeast Asia. This book demonstrates that lessons learned during the creation of existing nuclear-weapon-free zones can be successfully adapted, using the proposed alternatives to nuclear threats, to the considerably more challenging circumstances that exist in contemporary Northeast Asia. More importantly, it makes the case that the mere process of pursuing this objective, even if the goal is not realized for many decades, would help facilitate regional risk-reduction measures and global nuclear arms control measures that could lead, in the long term, to the general and complete disarmament promised by the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) of 2021. This book will be of interest to students of nuclear proliferation, Asian security, foreign policy, and International Relations.

This book is a study of statelessness in the period of the Second World War. It breaks new ground by focusing not on Europe, but on the Asian and Pacific theatres of the conflict. This perspective enables us to go beyond Hannah Arendt's classic account of statelessness in her Origins of Totalitarianism.
To her, statelessness was the product of a failed European nation-state system. We find a very different story when we examine the history of stateless people, many of them Jews, fleeing to Asia from Europe. In Asia, we see that being stateless was not a uniform experience, but a variety of possibilities reflecting the political structure of the states and cities in which refugees found shelter. We find too that stateless people managed to enter the political realm long before they reached the threshold of citizenship.

This third edition of Arguing About Political Philosophy is the most complete, up-to-date, and interdisciplinary anthology of its kind. Its selections cover classic philosophical sources such as those from Thomas Hobbes and John Rawls, important works in political economy from thinkers like Adam Smith, Friedrich Hayek, and Karl Marx, and the writing of cutting-edge contemporary theorists like Debra Satz, Jason Brennan, and Ta-Nehisi Coates.

The third edition has been substantially revised to make it more suitable for a growing number of courses in philosophy, politics, and economics (PPE). New topics and new readings help to explore the intersection of these three disciplines at a theoretical level, and how they help us to think about challenging practical problems like regulating sweatshop labor, reconciling immigration policy with social justice, and thinking about the virtues and limits of democracy.

In addition to offering sections on foundational concepts, political economy, and contemporary debates in political philosophy, the third edition contains a brand-new section on political ideologies, with a new introduction and accessible readings setting out the main features of liberalism, socialism, conservatism, and libertarianism.

The updated Instructor and Student Resource website www.routledge.com/cw/zwolinski offers valuable resources for instructors and students alike, including sample quizzes, exams, and writing assignments, extensive study questions for each reading, and an online version of the "What's Your Political Philosophy" self-assessment.

Key Updates to the Third Edition:

• Includes more interdisciplinary readings from economists and political scientists.
• Contains readings that make the volume a better fit for new programs in philosophy, politics, and economics (PPE).
• Offers a better representation of diverse ideological perspectives.
• Provides new coverage of emerging topics like reparations for past injustice, sweatshop labor, immigration policy, effective altruism, and the value of democracy.
• Updates the important parts on the book's website: sample quizzes, exams, and writing assignments, extensive study questions for each reading, and an online version of the "What's Your Political Philosophy" self-assessment.

This book examines the regulatory framework for foreign direct investments, most notably the bilateral investment treaties which provide several guarantees that minimise the exposure of risks to foreign investors in a host State.

Most States have recognised that one of the ways they can improve their economic growth is by providing effective mechanisms for the attraction of foreign investments. In this regard, foreign direct investments have become a key element in the strategic vision for advancing any national economy. The book examines guarantees which have the capacity to impinge on the economic sovereignty of a State, raising questions such as: are host States obliged to comply with the rights of foreign investors to free capital repatriation in the face of economic difficulties? What power does a host State have to regulate and impose capital controls that are deleterious to the rights of a foreign investor? This book argues that policies aimed at increasing foreign direct investment need to extend beyond investment liberalisation to strike a balance between the regulatory rights of a State and the legitimate expectations of foreign investors.

Advancing the discussion on the necessity of balancing the needs of foreign investors with those of the host community and exploring the power asymmetry present in treaty negotiations, this book will be of interest to students, academics, and practitioners with an interest in international investment law.

This comprehensive volume delves deep into the diverse applications and implications of generative AI across accounting, finance, economics, business, and management, providing readers with a holistic understanding of this rapidly evolving landscape.

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Finance: Large Language Models, Interfaces, and Industry Use Cases to Transform Accounting and Finance Processes provides a comprehensive guide to ethically harnessing generative AI systems to reshape financial management. Generative AI is a key theme across the accounting and finance sectors to drive significant optimizations leading to sustainability. Across 22 chapters, leading researchers supply innovative applications of large language models across the economic realm. Through detailed frameworks, real-world case studies, and governance recommendations, this book highlights applied research for generative AI in finance functions. Several chapters demonstrate how data-driven insights from AI systems can optimize complex financial processes to reduce resource usage, lower costs, and drive positive environmental impact over the long term. In addition, chapters on AI-enabled risk assessment, fraud analytics, and regulatory technology highlight applied research for generative AI in finance. The book also explores emerging applications like leveraging blockchain and metaverse interfaces to create generative AI models that can revolutionize areas from carbon credit trading to virtual audits. Overall, with in-depth applied research at the nexus of sustainability and optimization enabled by data science and generative AI, the book offers a compilation of best practices in leveraging AI for optimal, ethical, and future-oriented financial management.

Audience

The audience for this book is quite diverse, ranging from financial and accounting experts across banking, insurance, consultancies, regulatory agencies, and corporations seeking to enhance productivity and efficiency; business leaders want to implement ethical and compliant AI practices; researchers exploring the domain of AI and finance.

This book analyses the complex regulations and standards governing aviation safety on a global scale. Combining theoretical analysis with practical insights, it offers a comprehensive exploration of the normative foundations and real-world applications of international aviation law in ensuring air travel safety.

From the foundational principles established by the Chicago Convention to the evolving challenges posed by technological advancements and geopolitical shifts, this book provides a nuanced understanding of the complex legal landscape shaping aviation safety. Through in-depth critical analysis, the book examines the role of key stakeholders - including states, international and regional organizations, and regulatory bodies - in promoting and enforcing safety standards. By exploring the intersection of legal theory and practice, this book sheds light on the practical implications of normative principles in addressing contemporary safety concerns, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It encourages the regional institutionalization of civil aviation in order to improve local and regional aviation safety.

The book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to navigate the legal frameworks and ethical considerations underpinning aviation safety law.

This book identifies and discusses problems and opportunities for the future theory and practice of outer space law.

The corpus of outer space law, including the Outer Space Treaty 1967, has faced multiple challenges and critiques. In recent times, these have included advances in technology, the militarisation of outer space, space debris, and geopolitics. The prominent and emerging contributors to this collection draw on diverse research frameworks to discuss proposals for the future of outer space law and policy. These include addressing regulatory gaps and under-examined and emerging areas of the law, but also beyond, the Outer Space Treaty - especially related to potential extraterrestrial settlements, satellites technology, self-defence, self-determination, and the environment. The book discusses the tensions between universalism and localisation, as well as the regionalisation of outer space law and policy - and how these approaches might adapt to create a dynamic space industry for the future.

This book is both practical and theoretical in scope and will be of interest to academics, researchers and students. It will also be of interest to international organisations, diplomats, and other government officials and policymakers.

International Economic Law (IEL) refers to the rules governing economic relations at the international level and involving States, international organizations and private entities. This textbook explores IEL within the broader context of public international law from the ground up, providing all the foundational principles of international law essential for the study of IEL. The first part of the book is devoted to the analysis of actors and sources of IEL while the second part focuses on the three main sectors of IEL: international investment law, the law of international trade, as developed through the work of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and international financial and monetary law. Through references to conventional rules, landmark cases and decisions of international organizations, Introduction to International Economic Law provides a clear and concise primer on the main issues in current IEL. It will be an ideal textbook for students taking introductory courses in IEL, as well as a useful guide for anyone wishing to learn about the subject and understand the dynamics behind it.

This book comprises an in-depth and highly inclusive ethnographic study of daily life in two local Danish probation offices. With a special emphasis on manual-based rehabilitative interventions, the book explores the interactions between probation officers and citizens on probation, serving conditional sentences, or performing community service, as well as the professionals' rationales behind their rehabilitative efforts.

By presenting ethnographic findings that indicate a divergence between the envisioned trust-based interactions and the reality of manual-based, scripted practices within the Danish probation service, the analyses reveal how rehabilitative interactions may seem choreographed, with roles predetermined by an asymmetric social hierarchy. This framework portrays the client as inherently obstinate, unpredictable, and cast as an irresponsible subject.

Despite these challenges, the book underscores probation officers' genuine belief in the transformative power of motivational programs. More precisely, it assesses the potential for manual-based or 'scripted' rehabilitative interventions to genuinely inspire participatory citizenship among disenfranchised clients. Building on these empirically informed discussions, the book ultimately endeavors to provide a positive and instructive conceptualization of the diverse activities in which probation officers, acknowledging the limitations of their scripted interactions with clients, appear to transgress their manual-based mandate and perform 'professional disobedience'.

Given the broad applicability of the concept of 'professional disobedience,' extending beyond probation to other social service practices navigating the intersection of help and control, this book is intended for a wide array of researchers, students, practitioners, and policymakers with an interest in punishment, disenfranchisement, and rehabilitation. This book is essential reading for those engaged in probation, criminal justice, ethnography, and Nordic criminology.

The Routledge Companion to Gender and Crime offers a comprehensive, intersectional, and global exploration of gender and crime, addressing patterns of offending and victimization, criminal justice system challenges, and the evolving role of gender in criminal justice worldwide.

This edited collection will help readers gain an understanding of the intersectional and global dynamics of gender and crime, including offending and victimization patterns, justice system challenges, and professional practices. It examines gendered differences in criminal processing, sentencing, and supervision, and touches upon contemporary issues that practitioners face related to gender and sexuality, such as gender and health in prisons. The book delivers this through chapters written by experts, integrating cutting-edge research, real-world applications, and diverse perspectives to address contemporary issues in criminology and criminal justice. This handbook expands upon existing works to include a background on gender and crime, theories related to gendered victimization and offending, and the importance of intersectionality.

The Routledge Companion to Gender and Crime will be of interest to both undergraduate and graduate students in criminology and criminal justice programs, as well as researchers and educators in gender, politics, and sociology.