Felix Ravaisson: Fragments on Philosophy and Religion comprises translations from Ravaisson's notes on the history and philosophy of religion, dating from 1850 to 1900. They address the history of religions, ancient Greek thought, Christian theology, and the philosophy of revelation. Bringing these texts to an English audience for the first time, the editors place the fragments in the context of Ravaisson's philosophy as a whole.
These unpublished fragments show Ravaisson's lifelong grappling with fundamental questions of theology. They demonstrate that the research into mystery religions, mysticism and the Christian liturgy to which he devoted the end of his long career was not a rupture with the philosophy of his early years. In these texts, Ravaisson elaborated his philosophy of revelation, sacrifice and love, and continued the story he had begun with his study of Aristotle.

This book presents selected proceedings of DEA45: International Conference on Data Envelopment Analysis, which was held September 4-6, 2023, at Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. It contains theoretical and empirical papers on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and related fields with a focus on performance measurement and management. It discusses the latest research and developments and their application in various areas such as regulation, agriculture, education, financial and health services. The book is of interest to both researchers and practitioners working on or utilizing the DEA method for examining efficiencies across various organizations.

For more than 30 years, Judith Butler's thesis that gender is constructed has led to unresolved misunderstandings and conflicting interpretations. This work engages with Butler's constructivism epistemologically and develops the thesis that Butler is misunderstood for the very reasons their philosophy critiques: the necessities of thought imposed by traditional metaphysics and its dualistic conceptual framework. "Matter" is not a neutral or prediscursive concept but is always already embedded in a gendered discourse and functions as the constitutively excluded. Kantian epistemology serves here as both an example of implicitly misogynistic philosophy and a framework to understand the misinterpretations of Butler as well as the fundamental epistemological issue-the relationship between the knowing subject and "reality". What does it mean for Butler that even material aspects are constructed yet real, without developing an idealistic concept of reality?

The objective of this book is to analyze and compare the processes of corporate expansion of postwar Japan and Germany. It examines the evolution of distinctive Japanese and German business management styles through the adoption of American management methods, thereby establishing a system of industrial concentration in contrast to the US de-concentration policy. This is the first time that the book draws on a range of topics related to business administration, including the concentration of enterprises, management and production systems, management education, marketing, organizational structure, and corporate governance. The book compares the Japanese and German models. Japanese enterprises developed a management style that was suitable for American and Japanese markets, in part due to the underdeveloped Asian markets. Meanwhile, German enterprises established a management style for European markets. The book considers the specificities of the Japanese management model, predicated on thorough cost reduction and few product defects. In contrast, the German management model placed a premium on differentiation based on product quality and functionality, with a particular focus on core markets and the skills of the workforce.

The book posits that corporate expansion was a determining factor in the regionalization of each country. Japan underwent a transformation toward "Asianization," which depended on production and markets in Asia after the 1990s. Germany, on the other hand, consistently pursued "Europeanization" after the war in two complementary ways: (1) a heavy reliance on the European region and (2) the endeavor to advance European integration. Transformations in business management are analyzed using the author's two original frameworks: (1) The term "total system of business management" denotes the fundamental conditional structures that regulate and define the established methods of business management within the confines of capitalism in a specific country. (2) The term "reframing" is used to explain the adaptation, modification, and adjustment of one country's particular management style to another nation. These arguments reframe how we understand the historical processes of corporate expansion and provide milestones for a comparative study of management through common factors and characteristics of management.

The objective of this book is to elucidate the characteristics and significance of the relationships between industry and banks in Germany. This is the first book to undertake a historical and comprehensive examination of the personnel connections established through the interlocking directorates and the bank's advisory council system, using cases of Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank, and Commerzbank. This book addresses the mandates of the chairman and vice chairman and the distribution of industrial sectors to which companies belong. It also considers the personnel relations that are built and maintained. The book considers both direct and indirect interlocking directorates comprising the members of top management organs, namely the supervisory board and board of directors. It also examines the personnel networks therein, including those of second- and third-party enterprises, by applying social network analysis. In addition, the book examines the conditions for members of central and regional advisory councils and their top management positions. Furthermore, the functions supported by inter-firm personnel relationships via interlocking directorates and banks' advisory council systems are examined in terms of information symmetry and conflict resolution, and coordination of the interests among enterprises. This book explores the interlocking directorate processes from bank to industry and vice versa, wherein the common recognition of a management issue is promoted through the information flow and media based on personnel connections. The book explains the system by which various conflicting interests among enterprises are resolved through discussion rather than market competition. It also elucidates the industry-bank relationships and their changes in the history of the development of German capitalism and enterprises. Thus, it provides a combined analysis of the structure and function of the personnel connections of large German banks.

This book offers a new understanding of the main economic and political trends of 20th-century Britain, through the lens of Churchill's early career and approach to industrialisation.

Shedding fresh light on Churchill's political endeavours between 1900 and 1922, this study analyses his work within his political constituencies, and highlights how he attempted to balance their local concerns with his larger imperial agenda. Tomlinson guides readers through Britain's industrial challenges at the start of the twentieth century - with a particular focus on the textile economies of Churchill's constituencies in Lancashire and Scotland - and shows how industrial competition within the Empire exemplified the tensions between domestic economic policy and attempts at globalization, and influenced Churchill's later politics.

Tomlinson acknowledges the role of the First World War in boosting the industrial output and bargaining power of countries within the Empire, and analyses these alongside key moments in Churchill's early career, such as his defeat at Dundee, and time at the Exchequer. In doing so, the author highlights the context in which Churchill's ideas on the politics and economics of Empire were first formed, particularly in relation to the impact of imperial economic policy on British domestic prosperity. Ultimately, this book delivers a new assessment of twentieth-century British economic history, in the light of Britain's relationship to the Empire and the 'first great globalization'.

This edited collection provides an in-depth analysis of the imperial, colonial, and postcolonial history of tobacco from 1780 to 1960, which was one of the major periods of change in the global tobacco economy. It brings together case-studies from known and lesser-known tobacco regions of the world to interrogate tobacco's 'second globalisation', a concept little employed by historians thus far, but one which encapsulates tobacco's central role in Europe's imperial expansion beyond the Atlantic and the social, political, and cultural transformations of global capitalism taking place during the period. The collection fills a gap in the study of commodities of empire, which has examined tobacco primarily for the early modern Atlantic world, or for single empires during the later period. It invites comparison across borders, encompassing political, economic, and sociocultural history, and, with a particular emphasis on trade, knowledge, and labour, juxtaposes micro-histories with a macro-historical perspective. Together, the studies in the volume testify to the importance of tobacco in new places and among new players, challenging the confines of national and imperial historiographical frameworks. They demonstrate the rising dominance of new powerful forces, including transnational corporations, but also a wide range of actors in conflict and negotiation within territorial and imperial confines. By systematically taking into account the agency in Europe's apparent peripheries and the Global South, they critique a simple assumption of the dominance of the West.

Chapter 11 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

In this anthology, a journey around the world and through time is undertaken in 21 countries on no less than six continents. In this way, the global reception of one of the biggest media events to date is given contour. Based on the coverage of the first manned moon landing, the global history of the Cold War at the time of the Space Race can be told in its many different local facets as well as in its worldwide interconnectedness.

Against the backdrop of current efforts by various countries to return to the moon or even to establish a space army, as well as in view of the extremely tense geopolitical situation, which is already being invoked in many places as 'Cold War 2.0', such a global look back to the time of 'Cold War 1.0' certainly seems relevant in order to better understand the present and near future of political (media) cultures.

Guiding the reader through the many guises of global economic history, this book uncovers its key issues, debates and subjects. With contributions from leading scholars around the world, it delves into the economic histories of Africa, Europe, Asia and the Americas from the 16th to the 20th centuries. From the environment to The Great Divergence, finance, consumption, trade, industrialisation, commodities and labour regimes, it demonstrates the global nature of economic history, and highlights how indispensable it is and has been.

Updated throughout, this new edition boasts an expanded introduction and four new chapters on capitalism and political economy, European empires and colonialism, North Africa and the Middle East, and the North American Economy. A comprehensive introduction to global economic history, this textbook provides students with a confident grasp of the field, its key debates and essential issues.

This open access book presents the evolution of the Spanish economy over the past seven centuries since the end of the Reconquest and examines how much economic progress has Spain achieved, as well as its impact on living standards and income distribution over the very long run. It shows that preindustrial Spain was far from stagnant, although levels of output per head in the early nineteenth century were not much different from those on the eve of the Black Death (1348). It further discusses how phases of simultaneous per capita output and population expansion and shrinkage alternated, lending support to the recurring growth and frontier economy hypotheses.

While a collapse in the 1570s gave way to sluggish growth and higher inequality after a long phase of sustained growth and lower inequality, the book shows how real per capita income has improved substantially over the last two centuries, driven by increased labor productivity, and derived from more intense andefficient use of physical and human capital per worker. Presenting exposure to international competition as a stimulus for this development, the book sheds light on the underperformance of Spain up to 1950 in a European comparison and describes the catch-up of Spain's economy with more advanced countries until 2007. Finally, the book explains how modern economic growth is associated with an increase in the material well-being of its inhabitants, as the most dynamic economic phases of the last century have been associated with an improvement in income distribution, although the relationship between growth and inequality has not been linear.

This book is a must-read for students, researchers, and scholars of economics and economic history interested in a better understanding of cliometrics, long-run analyses, economic development, economic growth, as well as the Spanish economy.

In barely three generations the Spanish diet has changed beyond recognition. The traditional concerns around nutritional health and scarcity have been mostly left behind, but they have given way to new problems linked to excess. In this book Fernando Collantes shows how the dairy industry has been central to this societal shift. From widespread calcium deficiency in the 1950s to the more recent, and controversial, turn to highly processed foods, it provides a recent history of diet change in Spain. Probing the reasons behind why this shift has occurred, and how, it shows that when it comes to food society, politics, economics and the law are intrinsically linked.

Taking the reader beyond the world of food, Milk in Spain and the History of Diet Change combines qualitative and quantitative methods to position diet change within the broader debate on consumer society and 'the good life'. Contrasting two models of food consumption, it shows that unless public policy takes the challenge of affluence seriously, the food system can become an obstacle to a better society.

This edited volume proposes a radical change in perspective, fighting the prevalent ageist culture that tends to relegate the oldest old to isolation and irrelevance. The chapters show that having plans and projects, being involved in life, is possible for those aged 80 and over, as well as for oldest old people with disabilities. Exploring the involvement of oldest old people in various activities that make them feel happy, worthy, and connected, this volume builds on a large empirical literature documenting that a sense of purpose in life is associated with delayed mortality and reduced health risks. In doing so, this book aims to combat widespread ageist attitudes at an interactional and institutional level, and shift the focus from loss and decay to adaptability, involvement, inner strength, and resilience. It illuminates how oldest old people are inventing new meanings for ageing.

This book seeks to understand young men's mental health by going to the places and spaces where they spend their time. It is essential reading for researchers, clinicians, policymakers and members of the general public who care about men's wellbeing. Each chapter focuses on the contemporary nexus between masculinities and health, encompassing alcohol, gambling, sport, gaming, social media, pornography, and dating apps, to explore how and why these areas are central to young men's lives and their health. Addressing the present day 'crisis of masculinity', this edited volume comprises a series of up-to-date reviews to emphasise strength-based, healthy masculinities in young men's mental health. It seeks to understand and engage with research, policy, and practice to co-design effective interventions supporting young men, presenting a clear agenda to direct future efforts.

This book examines the role of improvisation in emergency response policies. Focusing on the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy, it demonstrates how improvisation can play a positive and productive role in emergency management. As well as offering one of the first systematic studies of policy responses to the pandemic in Italy - which was affected more than any other European country during the first wave of infection - it also throws light on the emotional, cognitive and behavioural strategies of the actors involved in emergency responses. These findings have important implications for emergency management around the world, including crises such as natural disasters, energy blackouts and nuclear accidents. The book will appeal to all those interested in public policy, public administration, emergency management and behavioural science.

This book promotes entirely new insights into women's contributions to the history of philosophy and boasts papers spanning the centuries from Antigone until twentieth century phenomenology, covering fields from logic to mysticism, stretching from Brazil to Early Modern Europe. The book is of interest for all scholars and students of the history of philosophy, but especially for those who are interested in women philosophers and in new narratives in the history of philosophy. The book is representative of the immense scope of academic discussion women were involved in over the centuries as well as their varying styles and methods. It features papers in logic and in mysticism, presents papers on female authors in Antiquity and in the twenty-first century and it includes papers on phenomenology and analytic philosophy. The chapters consider philosophical positions in literature and drama, in letters and in classical philosophical treatises, ensuring this book contributes significantly to research on the individual women authors, who are all to date still understudied figures.

This book updates the policy and practice developments affecting youth services since the publication in 2019 of Austerity, Youth Policy and the Deconstruction of the Youth Service in England. It focuses on 'open youth work' settings such as youth centres and detached and outreach projects within the wider ideological, political and financial UK policy contexts. It pays detailed attention to the pandemic and cost-of-living impacts on young people, including on their mental health, examining how wider youth-focused state and voluntary provision and the National Youth Agency are responding. It also examines established and new routes to training and qualifying for work with young people. The book offers a distinctive source of evidence on, and analysis of, important areas of youth provision and practice and the policy priorities shaping these, which since 2018 have continued to have limited academic attention.

For the past decade at least 25% of the UK population and 30% of children have been in poverty by internationally accepted measures, and the numbers keep rising. In The Rise and Fall of the British Welfare State, Pat Thane analyses the history of state welfare in Britain from 1900, and sheds light on its aims, achievements, and failings.

Beginning with the poverty surveys of Booth and Rowntree, and the implementation of early welfare measures such as free school meals, Thane offers a vivid snapshot of social welfare in Britain c1900, and the growing demands for improved welfare provisions. Taking readers through the significant social reforms of the First and Second World Wars, the making of the modern welfare state 1945-51, and its subsequent shifts due to rapidly evolving social policies. Thane ends with austerity and the COVID-19 pandemic, bringing the scholarship up to the present day, and drawing striking parallels with Britain c1900.

By placing a major current issue within its historical context, Thane explores the shifting administration of the welfare state, and adjusts misconceptions about the implementation of social policy, particularly during the 1970s and 1980s. Thane offers readers a comprehensive study of British social measures during the 20th and 21st centuries, highlighting how and why poverty rates are rising once more, and examining how the future of social policy could enact greater change.

This book is a Machine-Generated Literature Overview of personal EI development. The book is about the importance of developing emotional intelligence in workplace, especially in managing people in an organizational space. It talks about propelling productivity by inducing emotional intelligence. It discusses how stress can be managed with emotional intelligence. The impact of emotional intelligence in developing leadership skills. It explores the role the factor of emotional intelligence in HRM. It critically examines why is it very necessary for an employee to have this trait of EI and develop it eventually for a successful survival. It discusses the importance of EI in customer service and in day-to-day life.

This established introductory textbook provides students with a full overview of British social policy and social ideas since the late 18th century. It is the essential starting point for anyone learning about how and why Britain created the first welfare state, and its development into the 21st century.

Offering a comprehensive historical survey, this book analyses the emergence of the first welfare state, its later adaptations in the light of changing socio-political climates, and takes the story up to the present day, with discussion of the Coalition and Theresa May's early Prime Ministership, and an overview conclusion that identifies key issues in modern British social history.

Building on the strong foundations of the prior editions, The Evolution of the Welfare State Sixth Edition has been updated to include:

- New intersectional viewpoints on welfare, such as the role of gender
- Expanded coverage of the post-1948 period
- Updated methodological perspectives in the light of the latest research

Ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate students, this is an essential resource for all interested in the British welfare state and social history.

This volume explores several aspects of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum's framework for thinking about individual well-being. Called the functioning and capability approach (FCA), this framework radically departs from the conventional approach to the concept of individual well-being in welfare economics insofar as it identifies an individual's well-being as the value attached to the individual's achievements along certain dimensions of life and her freedom to choose a vector of such achievements rather than as the individual's happiness or desire fulfillment.

The volume consists of two main parts. Part I outlines and studies the basic conceptual and analytical framework and its major features in detail. Part II of the book is devoted to application of the analytical structure of the FCA to practical problems of measuring well-being, deprivation, and inequality in a society. The book concludes with a discussion of the main conclusions of earlier chapters and the role of social scientists and philosophers in the FCA. This volume will be of interest to students, researchers, and practitioners studying multidimensional well-being, deprivation and inequality.

This book offers an extensive research work to explore the accessibility of women with disabilities and financial insolvency to social safety net program in rural Bangladesh. The book examines the impact of intersectional identities in accessibility to the human rights in a contextual setting. The authors have also scrutinized the existing policies to identify policy gaps and provide some policy recommendations from this insightful study. Apart from narrower view of the targeting method or implementation of social safety net program on targeting beneficiaries, this research has combined gender and disability in a study framework with making a focus on the Allowances Program for Insolvent Persons with Disabilities provided by Government of Bangladesh. They have argued that intersectional identities (gender, disability, financial insolvency) have influenced over the accessibility to social safety net program as well as identified the challenges of accessibility which provides a broader view of practices of public administration of Bangladesh and enlightens on social and cultural context creating barriers in accessibility to human rights of women with disabilities. The authors argue for bringing changes of the service delivery of the program by bringing change in policies according to human right-based treaties. This book is useful to policy makers, international donor agencies, government officials, and NGOs.