For the past decade at least 25% of the UK population and 30% of children have been in poverty by internationally accepted measures, and the numbers keep rising. In The Rise and Fall of the British Welfare State, Pat Thane analyses the history of state welfare in Britain from 1900, and sheds light on its aims, achievements, and failings.

Beginning with the poverty surveys of Booth and Rowntree, and the implementation of early welfare measures such as free school meals, Thane offers a vivid snapshot of social welfare in Britain c1900, and the growing demands for improved welfare provisions. Taking readers through the significant social reforms of the First and Second World Wars, the making of the modern welfare state 1945-51, and its subsequent shifts due to rapidly evolving social policies. Thane ends with austerity and the COVID-19 pandemic, bringing the scholarship up to the present day, and drawing striking parallels with Britain c1900.

By placing a major current issue within its historical context, Thane explores the shifting administration of the welfare state, and adjusts misconceptions about the implementation of social policy, particularly during the 1970s and 1980s. Thane offers readers a comprehensive study of British social measures during the 20th and 21st centuries, highlighting how and why poverty rates are rising once more, and examining how the future of social policy could enact greater change.

Dive into the fascinating world of digital disruption and discover the transformative power of open and digital ecosystems, which will constitute one-third of global trade by 2030. This book demonstrates how value creation occurs beyond organizational boundaries and places the consumer at the forefront. The convergence of industries and technologies drives the experience-oriented customer journey and accelerates digital transformation. Explore Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, the Internet of Things, Blockchain, Cloud, and Quantum Computing as key building blocks for innovation. The golden triangle of digital ecosystems - commerce, social media, and finance - illustrates how companies like Alibaba, Tencent, NIO, Alphabet, Apple, Amazon, and Migros create unique customer experiences and integrate services with super-apps.

Through in-depth analyses and practical case studies, you will learn how companies can thrive in this revolutionary model, achieving growth by sharing knowledge and resources, responding swiftly to market changes, and balancing the optimization of existing businesses with the exploration of new opportunities. Leadership in open and digital ecosystems demands a shift in mindset and the development of new dynamic capabilities. Emphasizing openness, agility, and ambidexterity as critical skills, this book is an indispensable guide for companies aiming to leverage open and digital ecosystems for sustainable growth and to build agile, resilient organizations.

Gain a modern understanding of leadership and discover how it shapes the future of work in the era of digital ecosystems.

This book applies a decision systems science perspective to social systems, using the case of Southeast Asia to illustrate the concepts it sets forth. Southeast Asia is one of the most culturally diverse parts of the world, comprising 11 countries with a combined population of approximately 647 million people. The focus is on Indonesia, the largest and most populous country in the region.

Indonesia is an archipelago that is highly heterogeneous. It is the world's fourth most populous country, with some 280 million people spread over 17,508 islands. Great diversity is seen in its culture; however, most of the people greatly value collectiveness or exhibit high sociability and solidarity, i.e., a communal culture. In the culture of business in Indonesia, relationships are absolutely essential as a basis of decision making, thus it is quite different than that found in the West. The ensuing daily complexities require intensive interaction, negotiation processes, and coordination. In this context, common theories and best practices that are generated on the basis of more simplified assumptions often fail. Systems science offers an approach that can take these issues into account and potentially overcome such complexities.

This book defines a social system as a complex interconnected set of entities that organize the life of human beings and that are implemented through a process of shared experience and creative tension such that they demonstrate emergent characteristics. To elucidate this definition, the discussion in the book aims to bridge and integrate basic research founded in systems concepts, logic, theories, and models of systems practices and methodologies into a process of social systems research. That process involves engaging various stakeholders in academia, business, and government so that in collaboration they can solve common problems based on multidisciplinary approaches-ones that encompass hard and soft and quantitative and qualitative systems as well as negotiations and simulations.

The book has three major parts, the first of which discusses the importance of decisions in social system science that can be applied in managing complexities. The second part describes the use of multidisciplinary approaches for social systems, and the third deals with efforts to apply previously accepted concepts to real cases in Indonesia.

This book presents the necessary resources and practical options for companies to find, bind, and develop international professionals in the DACH region. Through a study conducted by the authors, the interrelationship between Human Resources and internationality is analyzed. The book is organized around the Employee Experience and is suitable for executives, managers, leaders, communication and HR departments, as well as relocation and personnel services.

This book brings together leading academics working on data protection law in the EU to analyse the most notable developments, and the most significant changes, which have occurred during the first 5 years of the GDPR.

The book includes contributions analysing the efficacy of the Regulation's consent-based model, the struggle to regulate AdTech using the provisions of the GDPR, the controversy surrounding US-EU data sharing and the interaction of the Regulation with EU Fundamental Rights and other secondary laws regulating data.

The book is unique in setting out to record a period of rapid development - and significant challenge - for EU law through its examination of these episodes in the life of the Regulation in a single text. Each chapter examines the changes introduced by the GDPR, analyses the effect of the Regulation in practice, and maps what the next 5 years holds for one of the world's most influential data privacy laws. The lineup of the editorial and author team reflects the pioneering role of female academics in data protection and GDPR discourse.

In highlighting the controversies and conflicts which the Regulation has faced in its first 5 years, the book illuminates the significance of the GDPR's introduction in advancing our thinking about the function, form, and future of data protection law, and outlines those matters that remain to be resolved as the GDPR moves towards its first decade in force.

This book explores the structure and frameworks of digital governance, focusing on various regulatory patterns, with the aim of tackling the disruptive impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Addressing the various challenges posed by AI technologies, this book explores potential avenues for crafting legal remedies and solutions, spanning liability of AI, platform governance, and the implications for data protection and privacy.

The book is valuable for audiences with or without a technological background. Primarily, it targets academic scholars from a variety of disciplines, including law, ethics, sociology, political science, economics, computer science, and engineering. Particularly, academics interested in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies would benefit from the mixture of disciplines in the book. The scholarly insights in this work are valuable also for policymakers and civil society, by providing potential guidance for effective AI regulation. Additionally, the book can be useful to private companies and organisations that are involved in designing AI applications, offering practical insights and guidance about the legal and societal implications of AI.

Kostina Prifti, Esra Demir and Julia Kraemer are PhD candidates at Erasmus School of Law, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Klaus Heine is Professor of Law and Economics at Erasmus School of Law, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Evert Stamhuis is Professor of Law and Innovation at Erasmus School of Law, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Chapters 2, 6, 10, and 13 are available open access under a via link.springer.com.

The rule of law, or Rechtsstaatsprinzip, is one of Germany's oldest constitutional principles and forms part of Germany's constitutional self-understanding. This book critically examines to what extent this key constitutional principle has translated into a reality for all.

The book provides a comprehensive insight into rule of law experiences and discourses in Germany. It explores Germany's long rule of law tradition and highlights where the German state has fallen short of its rule of law promise, using historical and contemporary examples. It also shows that Germany's rule of law experience is tightly interwoven with European and international rule of law debates. By integrating historical, socio-legal and doctrinal perspectives, the book provides a nuanced account of a foundational principle in German constitutional thought.

Dedicated chapters explore the history and doctrine of the rule of law, challenges to the rule of law in today's Germany, the rule of law experience in the former German Democratic Republic and in the context of reunification, the relationship of the German rule of law practice with the rule of law on the European and international level, and the rule of law in times of crisis. This includes challenges to the rule of law through anti-terrorism measures, as well as the more recent COVID-19 pandemic and the so-called migration crisis, but also how the rule of law has been discursively (mis-)used in those situations. In concluding, the book highlights digitalisation as a challenge to the future of the rule of law in Germany.

The objective of this book is to elucidate the characteristics and significance of the relationships between industry and banks in Germany. This is the first book to undertake a historical and comprehensive examination of the personnel connections established through the interlocking directorates and the bank's advisory council system, using cases of Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank, and Commerzbank. This book addresses the mandates of the chairman and vice chairman and the distribution of industrial sectors to which companies belong. It also considers the personnel relations that are built and maintained. The book considers both direct and indirect interlocking directorates comprising the members of top management organs, namely the supervisory board and board of directors. It also examines the personnel networks therein, including those of second- and third-party enterprises, by applying social network analysis. In addition, the book examines the conditions for members of central and regional advisory councils and their top management positions. Furthermore, the functions supported by inter-firm personnel relationships via interlocking directorates and banks' advisory council systems are examined in terms of information symmetry and conflict resolution, and coordination of the interests among enterprises. This book explores the interlocking directorate processes from bank to industry and vice versa, wherein the common recognition of a management issue is promoted through the information flow and media based on personnel connections. The book explains the system by which various conflicting interests among enterprises are resolved through discussion rather than market competition. It also elucidates the industry-bank relationships and their changes in the history of the development of German capitalism and enterprises. Thus, it provides a combined analysis of the structure and function of the personnel connections of large German banks.

This book is a Machine-Generated Literature Overview of personal EI development. The book is about the importance of developing emotional intelligence in workplace, especially in managing people in an organizational space. It talks about propelling productivity by inducing emotional intelligence. It discusses how stress can be managed with emotional intelligence. The impact of emotional intelligence in developing leadership skills. It explores the role the factor of emotional intelligence in HRM. It critically examines why is it very necessary for an employee to have this trait of EI and develop it eventually for a successful survival. It discusses the importance of EI in customer service and in day-to-day life.

This established introductory textbook provides students with a full overview of British social policy and social ideas since the late 18th century. It is the essential starting point for anyone learning about how and why Britain created the first welfare state, and its development into the 21st century.

Offering a comprehensive historical survey, this book analyses the emergence of the first welfare state, its later adaptations in the light of changing socio-political climates, and takes the story up to the present day, with discussion of the Coalition and Theresa May's early Prime Ministership, and an overview conclusion that identifies key issues in modern British social history.

Building on the strong foundations of the prior editions, The Evolution of the Welfare State Sixth Edition has been updated to include:

- New intersectional viewpoints on welfare, such as the role of gender
- Expanded coverage of the post-1948 period
- Updated methodological perspectives in the light of the latest research

Ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate students, this is an essential resource for all interested in the British welfare state and social history.

This volume explores several aspects of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum's framework for thinking about individual well-being. Called the functioning and capability approach (FCA), this framework radically departs from the conventional approach to the concept of individual well-being in welfare economics insofar as it identifies an individual's well-being as the value attached to the individual's achievements along certain dimensions of life and her freedom to choose a vector of such achievements rather than as the individual's happiness or desire fulfillment.

The volume consists of two main parts. Part I outlines and studies the basic conceptual and analytical framework and its major features in detail. Part II of the book is devoted to application of the analytical structure of the FCA to practical problems of measuring well-being, deprivation, and inequality in a society. The book concludes with a discussion of the main conclusions of earlier chapters and the role of social scientists and philosophers in the FCA. This volume will be of interest to students, researchers, and practitioners studying multidimensional well-being, deprivation and inequality.

This book offers an extensive research work to explore the accessibility of women with disabilities and financial insolvency to social safety net program in rural Bangladesh. The book examines the impact of intersectional identities in accessibility to the human rights in a contextual setting. The authors have also scrutinized the existing policies to identify policy gaps and provide some policy recommendations from this insightful study. Apart from narrower view of the targeting method or implementation of social safety net program on targeting beneficiaries, this research has combined gender and disability in a study framework with making a focus on the Allowances Program for Insolvent Persons with Disabilities provided by Government of Bangladesh. They have argued that intersectional identities (gender, disability, financial insolvency) have influenced over the accessibility to social safety net program as well as identified the challenges of accessibility which provides a broader view of practices of public administration of Bangladesh and enlightens on social and cultural context creating barriers in accessibility to human rights of women with disabilities. The authors argue for bringing changes of the service delivery of the program by bringing change in policies according to human right-based treaties. This book is useful to policy makers, international donor agencies, government officials, and NGOs.

This book takes readers on a journey into the future of work. Following the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, working conditions have become more flexible than ever before. The freedoms granted within this framework continue to be demanded by many employees. There are also numerous companies that have had predominantly positive experiences with this change and would like to continue with it. Against this backdrop, it is to be expected that the shift away from a traditional working environment - due to the four influencing factors of demographic change, skills shortages, digitalisation and artificial intelligence - will accelerate in the future. This book provides an overview of the various design options for New Work and highlights their respective advantages and disadvantages. It also analyses new trends and forecasts relating to the future of work. In addition, the relevant legal framework is presented in a concise and easy-to-understand manner. This book provides you with the tools you need to actively shape the future of work in your company in a legally compliant manner.

The editors

Dr. Inka Knappertsbusch is a lawyer specializing in employment law and employee data protection at the international commercial law firm CMS Germany. She advises companies primarily on restructuring and works agreements, in particular on issues related to IT and new work. Her work also focuses on data protection and artificial intelligence in employment relationships. She is the co-editor of the book "Arbeitswelt und KI 2030".

Dr. Gerlind Wisskirchen is a partner and lawyer at the international commercial law firm CMS Germany and advises multinational corporations in particular on restructuring, national and international employment law and compliance issues. She is also an expert on the digitalisation of the world of work, with experience as a keynote speaker, author and lecturer and is the editor of the report "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics and Their Impact on the Workplace" for the Global Employment Institute.

The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

This book explores the adverse economic effects of discriminatory language against LGBTQ+ people. The case studies under investigation are represented by the French and the Italian language, both boasting vast arrays of slurs employed to denote negatively the members of the LGBTQ+ community. Looking at the relative frequencies of slurs over time, the analysis proposed measures the extent of linguistic discrimination. Subsequently, the book identifies the negative impact of discrimination on economic performance in France and Italy in the long run. Slurs impose a psychological cost on the members of the LGBTQ+ community, who become as a result less productive in the workplace. Ultimately, slurs affect overall economic performance and reduce economic growth at the national level.

This book stresses the role of inefficiencies associated with discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals in various spheres of life, with a particular focus on their economic consequences. Discriminatory language thus emerges not only as a negative phenomenon per se, but also as an obstacle to economic growth. This work draws elements from different disciplines and the results it obtains may prove appealing to scholars of economics, linguistics and gender studies, as well as to policymakers seeking to overcome social exclusion while stimulating economic performance.

This book examines entrenched gender bias and the economic, political, and social systems that sustain patriarchy. Drawing examples from both developed and developing countries, it underscores the barriers women face within the capitalist system. It delves into how operational practices, economic frameworks, and political institutions perpetuate gender bias. Through the study of cases where traditional power structures have been challenged, it proposes a framework for achieving gender equality through cooperative and collaborative action, ensuring inclusion for all within the democratic system.

This book places particular emphasis on the economic involvement of rural women, the potential for technology to empower women, gender equality within the creative industries, and the enduring nature of patriarchy. It demonstrates how economic progress can be inclusive and beneficial for women globally and will be of interest to students and researchers in development studies, labour economics, political economy, and gender studies.

This book provides a critical, ethnographically grounded examination of the hype surrounding the idea of impact by investigating the work of those attempting to create innovative social ventures. Through in-depth immersion in the day-to-day running of a social impact accelerator, Guillaume Dumont reveals the intricate, behind-the-scenes socialization through which entrepreneurs learn the ropes of impact entrepreneurship and sheds light on the roles of some of the key players of this unique social world. The book challenges the view that impact is a given property of a venture resulting from an intrinsic desire to change the world embodied by gifted and compassionate entrepreneurs. Instead, Dumont argues that impact emerges iteratively from a process of social engagement and negotiation among entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and mentors as they collaborate in the mundane processes of its production, what he calls "Impact work." This book, therefore, is about impact in the making. It is a story of hope and collaboration unveiling the social and cultural challenges and contradictions faced by those attempting to create alternative organizations addressing social and commercial goals.

The book discusses some of the issues related to proximity, challenges an acritical use of the concept and highlights several dimensions that may better frame the actual contribution of proximity to urban and mobility planning in different places. The contributions address the conditions required for ensuring accessibility by proximity and the different planning dimensions that can support its promotion, addressing issues related to the inclusiveness of this model, as well as the scalability and metrics of proximity we need to deal with in several different contexts. The first part of the book introduces some experimental approaches aimed at operationalising accessibility by proximity, while the second part discusses several planning issues related to the implementation of proximity at different scales.

The book deals with the regulation of GMOs within the context of multiple principles and interests, including food security, sustainable development, and biodiversity.

The recognition of intellectual property rights, particularly with respect to geographical indications and patentability is also discussed. From a comparative perspective, the importance of traceability in the food industry, driven by major world powers' consumer and market protection policies, is highlighted.

Finally the use of emerging technologies, such as blockchain, as a form of "regulatory technology" for more effective and sustainable management of traceability systems within the food supply chain, is explored as a workable and forward looking solution.

This book provides the first comprehensive demographic overview of remarriage in Japan. Despite the fact that nearly one in five marriages in Japan now involves at least one formerly married spouse, very little is known about the nature of remarriages and how they differ from first marriages. One important focus of this book is to examine fertility intentions and outcomes in remarriages and to compare them with marriages in which both partners are in their first marriage. It is well known that low rates of first marriage contribute to Japan's very low total fertility rate (TFR), but there is currently no theoretical or empirical basis for understanding how levels and patterns of remarriage are related to the TFR.

To understand trends and patterns of remarriage in Japan, the book begins with an overview of the voluminous research literature on remarriage in the USA and other Western countries. This overview consists of a summary of trends and theoretical frameworks for understanding remarriage and is followed by a summary of existing research on correlates of remarriage and outcomes associated with higher-order marriages. Of particular importance is the attention paid to stepfamily fertility and the extent to which remarriage is associated with overall levels of fertility.

An important contribution of this book is its presentation of basic descriptive information about levels and correlates of remarriage in Japan. These descriptive analyses are based on published data in the vital statistics reports and individual-level data from the National Fertility Surveys conducted by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research and the National Survey of Households with Children conducted by the Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training.

This book evaluates the role played by statistical evidence in litigation. Despite the increasing prevalence of statistical evidence in modern litigation, how such evidence should be admitted and used by courts is often inconsistent and widely criticised. Accepting that statistical evidence can lead to more accurate decisions, the book proposes criteria that could allow courts to decide that statistical evidence is good for fact-finding.

The many and varied scholarly debates regarding statistical evidence have by and large avoided judicial attention. Unlike previous works, this book contextualises those debates in the language and practice of evidence law, focusing principally on Australia, as well as the UK and the USA.

It does so by identifying that the controversy around statistical evidence follows the three-tiered statistical syllogism underlying statistical inference: first, whether statistical evidence is capable of establishing an association between phenomena in a state of nature; second, inferring that phenomena to an individual from the general association; and third, whether statistical evidence can be sufficient for proof of contested facts. Objections are said to arise at each level of this syllogism and, by mapping these objections onto evidence law, the book argues that a pathway for the judicial evaluation of statistical evidence can be constructed.

Can the law keep up with AI? This book examines liability and regulation for artificial intelligence causing serious physical harm, both now and in the future.

While AI moves quickly, regulation follows more slowly - an increasing problem for an evolutionary, fast-paced emerging technology. AI has the potential to save lives, but in doing so will have the potential to take them as well. How do we future-proof law and regulation to incentivise life-saving innovation as safely as possible?

This book details how to regulate AI in high-risk civil applications (for example, automated vehicles and medicine), addressing both liability and regulatory structure. It highlights crucial liability themes for technology governance; provides tools to bridge the gap between regulators and technologists; examines jurisdictional approaches to AI regulation in the EU, UK, USA, and Singapore; and ultimately suggests a jurisdiction-agnostic blueprint for regulation.

The Politics of the Wretched argues for ressentiment's generative negativity, prompting a shift from ressentiment as a personal expression of frustration to ressentiment as a collective "No". Inspired by Kant and Nietzsche's philosophy, Zalloua identifies two modes of deploying ressentiment - private and public use - by substituting ressentiment for reason. This reinterpretation argues for a public use of ressentiment, for the wretched to universalize their grievances, to see their antagonism as cutting across societies, and to turn personal trauma into a common cause.

A public use of ressentiment rails against the ideology of identity and victimhood and insists on ressentiment's generative negativity, its own rationality, prompting a shift from ressentiment as a personal expression of frustration to ressentiment as a collective "No". Reframing ressentiment as a tool to oppose the evils of capitalism, anti-Blackness, and neocolonialism, it both alarms the liberal gatekeepers of the status quo and promises to energize the anti-racist Left in its ongoing struggles for universal justice and emancipation.

G.W.F. Hegel was a radical and incisive thinker, whose ideas have shaped the face of political philosophy. With questions of political agency and free will as urgent as ever, this book reintroduces Hegel's ideas of freedom and the weight that it carries in the political, economic and social contexts of the 21st century.

Examining the concept of freedom from a Hegelian Marxist perspective, Freedom, in Context argues that the essential relation between self-determination and causal necessity is a multifaceted process to be viewed through historical, temporal, logical and ontological lenses. Using examples from the Black Lives Matter movement, environmental justice, economic inequality, and democratic uprisings in Iran, the value of Hegel's philosophy is emphasised in contexts beyond the colonial, Eurocentric tendencies of his worldview. Emphasising the central role of temporality and history in the conception of free will gives this new reading of Hegel real practical import for the pressing political issues of our time.