This first volume of A Global Sourcebook in Protestant Political Thought provides a window into the early Protestant world, and the ways in which Protestants wrestled with politics and religion in the wake of the Reformation.

This period saw political authorities and church hierarchies challenged and defended by scholars, clerics, and laypeople alike. The volume engages the full spectrum of Protestants, with reference to theology, geography, ethnicity, historical importance, socio-economic background, and gender. This diversity highlights how Protestants felt pulled towards differing political positions and used several maps to chart their course - conscience, custom, history, ecclesiastical tradition, and the laws of God, nature, nation, or community. On most important issues, Protestants lined up on opposing sides. Additionally, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox political thought, as well as interactions with Jewish and Muslim texts and thinkers, profoundly influenced different directions taken in the history of Protestant political thought. Even as our own time is fraught with deep disagreement and political polarisation, so too was early modern Europe, and we might read it in the anxieties, uncertainties, hopes, and expectations that the sources vividly express.

This sourcebook will enrich both research and classroom teaching in politics, theology, and history, whether geared towards general political or religious history, or towards more specialised courses on colonialism, warfare, gender, race or religious diversity.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 International license.

The role of generations is an important, yet often overlooked, variable in the study of American politics. A topic of research in sociology, business, and marketing, the focus on generations frequently occurs in American pop culture and journalism. The general public often assumes that different generations have different political leanings and beliefs-that the Silent Generation is all Republican, white, and conservative, or that Millennials are liberal and diverse-but are these assumptions true?

Generational Politics in the United States is the first comprehensive book that examines the concept of generations from a political science perspective. It defines what a generation is and how to sort out the differences between life cycle, cohort, and aging effect. The book then brings together chapters from an array of political science scholars that examine the role of generations in American politics and how it relates to other variables such as age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status. It discusses how politics in the United States are impacted by changes in generations, including how the passing of the Baby Boom generation and rise of the Millennials and Gen Z will change American politics. By examining the differences in political attitudes, engagement, and impact of recent generations, Generational Politics in the United States suggests how generational change will impact American politics in the future.

This book examines pathways for how to reinvigorate the United Nations, in light of recent crises.

The United Nations requires reinvigoration. The organisation's supply of global governance falls short of global demand in areas ranging from health to environment, while intra-state armed conflicts are on the rise again, and fullblown inter-state war has returned to the agenda. At the same time, decision-making mechanisms are deadlocked, and their legitimacy is increasingly questioned. But what pathways are there for reinvigorating the United Nations? This book argues for consolidating key principles pertaining to inter-state relations and human rights, for elaborating on the UN system in order to avoid fragmentation and make it possible for it to keep pace with a changing world, and for revisiting UN decision-making structures so that it can become more inclusive and rebuild trust among stakeholders. The volume embraces a comprehensive approach to studying the organisation, and the authors analyse the institutions comprising the UN system, as well as the social context within which actors put these institutions to use. The book contributes to scholarly debates about the United Nations and about how it is embedded in a broader international order currently beset by crises and, ultimately, aims to show what concrete steps for strengthening the organisation might look like.

This book will be of much interest to students of international organisations, diplomacy studies, global governance, and International Relations in general.

The Introduction, Chapter 5, Chapter 10 and the Conclusion of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. Chapter 7 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License.

European Union policies are intertwined with all sectors of public administration and governance in the member states, including spatial, urban and regional planning. Legal regulations like the Natura 2000 Directives, funding programmes associated with EU Cohesion Policy or strategies such as the Territorial Agenda 2030 all leave their mark on planning - yet with considerably different effects in Europe's cities and regions.

This book serves as a guide to navigate the connection points between EU policies and spatial planning by introducing the logics of EU policymaking and European spatial planning, outlining the most important EU policies with relevance for spatial planning and presenting examples, from Austria and Finland, of how EU policies are applied in domestic contexts. By exploring the Europeanisation of spatial planning 'from within', the book acknowledges how differential ideas about what spatial planning is and what role the EU plays therein shape the actualised impacts of EU policies.

By providing a comprehensive perspective on the relevance of the European Union for spatial planning, this book is ideal for students, academics and administrators who want to grasp how the EU shapes and affects planning practice in Europe's cities and regions.

The politicizing of facts and factual claims has led some to abandon all talk of a meaningful distinction between a fact and a strongly held political commitment. This book argues that what we need, instead, are better accounts of facts and their relationship to explanation-ones that take seriously the dependence of facts on communities of practice and on consensus procedures of measurement, but do not abandon the epistemic distinctiveness of facts.

Bringing clarity and order to the discussion by disclosing both key commonalities and significant differences between the ways we talk about facts and explanations, Patrick Thaddeus Jackson argues that although intrinsically more contestable than facts, social-scientific explanations can nonetheless be related to them in ways that allow researchers to evaluate explanations based on whether and to what extent they accord with the relevant facts in each situation. Ardently defending a pragmatist account of knowledge that has no patience with either "alternative facts" or "anything goes" relativism, the author develops a set of concepts that enables tricky philosophical problems to be dissolved. After examining facts, causal explanations, and interpretive explanations, the book culminates in an account of the priority of interpretation in the evaluation of any explanation-and any seemingly factual claim.

Defining the terms of the debate and grounding better conversations about the issues, this book will appeal to all scholars interested in the philosophy and methodology of the social sciences, international studies, international relations, security studies, and anyone teaching or studying research methods.

The Routledge Handbook of Great Power Competition is a comprehensive, pioneering, and interdisciplinary guide of this re-emerging field.

Offering a team of cutting-edge researchers in the field, it advances an analytical framework of great power competition. It surveys the major theories (mainstream and critical), actors (state, quasi-state, and non-state), mechanisms (military, economic, and ideational influence), and domains (territorial and non-territorial) pertaining to contemporary great power competition.

This Handbook is an essential text for scholars and students of international relations, security studies, global governance, and comparative politics. It will also appeal to global policy makers and practitioners who need to observe contemporary great power competition.

This book presents a novel examination of Marine Protected Areas within a security context, bridging science, policy, and geopolitics, and addressing the often-under-emphasized aspect of environmental justice.

The book argues that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are not only a critical tool for protecting marine biodiversity in a changing climate, but they also play an important role at the intersection of geopolitics and environmental justice, and they provide a case study of environmental governance at the science-policy interface. The book takes an interdisciplinary and critical approach and builds on the author's two decades of experience working in this field. Geopolitically, it explores the ways in which MPAs provide footprints for influence and access to resources far from home for nations with overseas territories. MPAs also raise important issues connected to equity, environmental justice, and social justice, including access to resources and participation in environmental decision-making processes, key aspects for achieving long-term conservation goals. The book also demonstrates how MPAs are a critical lens for understanding how policy makers cope with scientific uncertainty, and the necessity of well-designed and precautionary science advisory processes. While the ecological contribution of MPAs is paramount, social issues and geopolitical considerations are often less obvious in the discourse underpinning MPAs, and the resulting tensions can undermine long-term conservation objectives. By applying the three lenses of geopolitics, environmental justice and science, this book provides key insights to help the international community moving past the 2030 biodiversity targets and beyond, towards a future of meaningful, equitable, and effective conservation approaches.

This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of biodiversity conservation, marine studies, political geography, environmental governance, and science-policy studies. It will also be of interest to marine conservation governance professionals and policymakers.

Vital to the acceptance of medical women was the willingness of patients - largely women and children - to be treated by them. By the end of 1914, this more usual patient base was expanded to include injured soldiers. To provide a full consideration of the medical and surgical world of this period, it is necessary to explore patients in order to explore how gender affected the relationship between patient and practitioner. This volume examines the contemporary fear that hospital patients, mostly of working-class origin, were being experimented upon by their overly eager, ambitious, and vivisecting doctors; something in which surgeons especially were seen to be complicit. Women too, however, carried out abdominal and gynaecological surgery, and performed clitoridectomies. How medical women justified their actions, as well as how their patients viewed them, is the focus of this volume. Additionally, the voice of those who experienced 'medical tyranny' is considered to examine what happened when patients fought back publicly against the medical establishment. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, this title will be of great interest to students of Women's History and the History of Medicine.

This book examines crucial facets of the Russian invasion: among them, the Russian sexual violence against occupied Ukrainians, their "collaboration" and "filtration," legal prosecutions especially relating to kidnapped Ukrainian children, the portrayal of events in Bucha on Russian social media, and the lessons learned from the Ukrainian refugee crisis in Poland during the initial weeks of the war, as well the potential pursuit of justice at the International Court of Justice, and the genocide claim more generally.

This anthology will serve as a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and the broader community involved in the study of genocide and conflict. It endeavours to offer not only insights into the immediate circumstances of the invasion but also a framework for broader discussions and a foundation for informed dialogues on the multifaceted dimensions of this geopolitical upheaval.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Journal of Genocide Research.

Through a chronological and thematical approach, this book examines the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and the effect on what President George W. Bush recognized as the 9/11 Generation.

By providing cultural and generational context to 9/11 and its impact on the U.S., this book is the first study to ensure that the voices of this young generation are put at the forefront of analysis. Creating and Failing the 9/11 Generation answers "what happened" and "why" but, more importantly, it reveals the importance of broader themes and ideas such as foreign policy, security, patriotism, the U.S. military, and American democracy. The final chapter, "9/11 and the World," places the events in America on a global scale and demonstrates how 9/11 has remained, and will remain, significant to understanding how different places and cultures interact with each other in the modern world.

Creating and Failing the 9/11 Generation is useful for all students who study U.S. foreign relations, terrorism, warfare, memory studies, and the history of modern America.

Social equity is a pillar of public service. Thus, social equity should be a central concern in public management in practice and scholarship. However, widespread incorporation and reflection of social equity practices in government and the anticipated public benefits still seem like an elusive goal. The ability to analytically assess social equity is the first step toward prescribing social equity reforms.

This book highlights international research that leverages public management theory to build reasonable social equity measures and applications. Composed to provide insight into the intersections of public management and social equity from multiple lenses, each chapter presents the empirical context in which the study takes place, including global region, government structure, and cultural insights related to the analysis. The chapters conclude with takeaways for public managers to consider in program and policy implementation, as well as with innovations for future public administration, public management, and social equity scholarship. Within these takeaways, methodological insights offer tools for scholars to incorporate in their measurement and analysis of social equity in the con-text of public management.

The research highlighted in the text includes studies from across countries in North and South America, Europe, Southeast Asia, and Australia. This is the first book that connects public management theory and practice with social equity reforms.

Public policies are usually carefully designed to address a particular problem, but they are also shaped and influenced by the sociocultural heritage of a particular country. This volume explores the origins of economic and other public policies in Central and Eastern Europe.

This region makes for a particularly interesting case because after going through a major system change - transitioning from a command economy into a market economy - many of the key policies were written anew. The contributors to this book look at key policy areas at the intersection of state and private sectors, including industrial, pension, energy, and competition policies. The chapters examine key questions such as: how did these policies evolve from the time of transition to their final form? What were the main drivers of policy conduct and factors influencing major policy choices? How does the historical context impact contemporary policy space? Throughout the volume, an institutional approach is adopted, according to which policies are perceived as the outcome of top-down design, filtered through social institutions inherited from the past. With this approach, this book presents a long-running assessment, over 30 years, of policymaking in transition economies, which were subject to profound changes throughout the period.

This book will be of interest to readers in institutional economics, policy studies, transition economies, and the recent history of Eastern Europe.

This book analyses the categories of thought underpinning Russia's strategic decision-making and military operations, unpacking their nature, development, and interaction.

The work argues that mainstream Western analysis of Russian military and strategic behaviour is affected by two limitations: first, by forcing Russian choices into pre-packaged logics of action, it fails to grasp the peculiar assumptions and intellectual nuances underpinning Moscow's strategies; second, an overreliance on buzzwords such as 'hybridity' has mystified understanding of the Russian military modus operandi, its true character and strong consistencies. The book addresses such limitations by stressing the influence of strategic culture on Russia's approach to strategy and war-fighting. After proposing an original model of strategic culture, it employs this conceptual framework to interrogate Russian primary sources and military practices between 2008 and 2018. This allows general hypotheses to be formulated about the ultimate principles underpinning the Russian way of war, which are then tested against three case studies: Russia's interventions in Georgia (2008), Ukraine (2014-2015), and Syria (2015-2018), respectively. While steering clear of making forecasts, this book provides a solid basis on which to build expectations about and to chart strategies for counter-acting Moscow's actions- including in the context of the current war in Ukraine.

This book will be of much interest to students of Russian security, military and strategic studies, foreign policy, and International Relations in general.

This book emphasises the importance of state-business relations and external capital for structuring and strengthening authoritarian populism in Hungary. It argues these capitalist relations are crucial to understanding the economic aspects of this ideology, which has developed in the country since 2010. The book investigates both 'internal' and 'external' legs of the Hungarian political economy. First how a politically loyal national capital owning class has subsumed domestic business. Second the government's operationalisation of 'new' inward transnational capital inflows - especially from China and Russia - to finance large-scale infrastructure projects, which complement extant investment particularly from Germany. Together, these developments have strengthened the hegemonic nature of Hungarian Authoritarian Populism, helping the government to continued electoral success. This model of governance is attractive to similar ideological expressions in the region and beyond who look for an example to emulate.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

From limited interactions in the early 1990s, the EU and Central Asia now consider each other to be increasingly important. This book includes 12 chapters written by seasoned and policy-engaged researchers from across Eurasia and the wider world that analyse multiple levels of mutual interactions, understandings and misunderstandings across a range of policy areas. It shows why and in what ways exactly the EU and Central Asia matter to each other and why policymakers and researchers should pay more attention to their interactions.

Central Asia falls under the broader external relations and security agenda of the EU, and over years it provided a testing ground for many EU policies, including the priority ones of region-building and resilience promotion. Looking at the EU, in turn, informs as to how Central Asian actors interact with external partners of the region, and how that can influence national policy agendas and consequently everyday life - bringing new approaches, insights and evidence also to the wide field of EU studies.

This book is of key interest to scholars, practitioners and students of Central Asian history and politics, EU foreign policy, EU-Central Asia relations, and more broadly of EU studies, International Relations, regionalism and interregionalism as well as security studies. The chapters in this book were published over three issues of Central Asian Survey.

Exploring geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific Region, a major hub of global, economic, commercial, military, diplomatic, and cultural activities in the 21st century, this textbook provides students with an introduction to the existing debates, frameworks, and issues surrounding the Indo-Pacific.

The second edition has been revised, updated, and expanded to explain the major build-up of deterrence hubs during 2022-2023 in the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR). The hubs have a clear focus on North Asia (Japan and South Korea), the Taiwan Strait and Taiwan and the South China Sea (the Philippines, Vietnam, and Australia), and India and the Indian Ocean littoral areas (the Persian Gulf and the Bay of Bengal). This edition takes into account the effects of the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas/Iran proxies' conflicts on the build-up of Russia-China-North Korea-Iran ties and the naval projections by China and Russia in North Pacific, off the Alaska coast, and in relation to Myanmar and Bangladesh and the Gulf/Red Sea areas. Within the purview of maritime security and NATO, the present century is critical with the introduction of missiles and nuclear submarine technology into IPR and by the fragmentation of arms control and nuclear and missile non-proliferation arrangements of the 1960s-2000 period. This volume predicts that China's oft-proclaimed rise to global hegemonic status is not inevitable because of its many economic-social problems and foreign policy dilemmas. Nor is World War III inevitable because no one seeks unlimited warfare, but the regions in conflict will likely remain on a low boil. However, problem-solving and crisis resolution will remain problematic, keeping the 21st century at its toes, due to the inability of regional powers to unite for the common good.

Complete with a list of further reading, Geopolitics and the Indo-Pacific Region fills a gap in the market and will be of great interest to upper-year-level undergraduates, postgraduate students, and researchers studying international relations, IPR geopolitics, Asian politics, and Asian security studies.

This book explores and brings to light untold stories from the margins of Chinese society. It investigates and reveals grassroots and popular cultural beliefs, amusing anecdotes, items of lore, and accounts of the strange and the unusual. It delves into questions of identity formation, considering gender, sexuality, class, generational divides, subcultures, national minorities and online communities. It examines heritage-making practices and the persistence of marginalized memories. Bringing together views from cultural studies, literature, gender studies, cultural heritage, sociology, history and more, the book argues that neither the margins nor the centre can be understood in isolation, and that by focusing on the margins, a fuller picture of Chinese society overall emerges, including new perspectives on spatial and social marginality, on hierarchies of marginality, and on neglected spaces, voices and identities.

This book examines the issue of plagiarism in the Chinese context of history and education, both in classical and contemporary times.

In view of the effort on a global scale to fight against plagiarism and consolidating anti-plagiarism education, this book examines how plagiarism is conceptualized and addressed in the Confucian Heritage Culture society of China. Employing qualitative content analysis, genre analysis, and discourse analysis to examine Chinesemedium textual materials of different kinds, this book offers new perspectives on the question of plagiarism in China. These textual materials include classic and ancient Chinese books, modern newspapers in China (1840-1949), academic literature, correspondence texts on plagiarism cases, and textbooks published in China on Chinese and English academic writing.

Inspiring future research and educational initiatives aimed at addressing the problem of plagiarism in the contemporary world, this book will appeal to students and scholars of education, Chinese history, and Asian studies.

Kim details a brief history of urban renewal in central Seoul through articulating urban planning paradigm shifts. This book illustrates four main themes in central Seoul: the restoration of the Cheonggye stream, the redevelopment of the Sewoon Plaza, the enhancement of walkability and public transport networks, and history- centred urban renewal.

Urban renewal is seen as a remedy for urban sprawl and is appreciated for its capacity to make use of pre-existing infrastructure and cultural assets in high- density urban areas. However, it faces critical challenges, such as fragmented property ownership and escalated land prices in comparison with peri- urban areas. The book focuses on how planning policies have shaped the urban renewal process in central Seoul, South Korea. Spatial development policies for central Seoul have been changed from modern transport facilities, post- war reconstruction, informality, industrialisation to walkability, sustainability, and social cohesion in line with economic restructuring. In recent times, there has been a significant change in thinking towards creating public spaces for walking, preserving historical sites and heritage, and maintaining green spaces. These interconnected topics contribute to understanding the complexity of urban renewal.

This book is a useful read for researchers on urban planning and policies who are keen to understand the complicated process of urban renewal and ways to revitalise economic and human activities and transform built environments.

This is one of the first few books to discuss the Covid-19 crisis as an urban phenomenon and illustrates this through the case of Singapore and its pandemic response efforts.

The book describes the implications and impacts of the pandemic on Singapore's urban landscape, economy, and society. It also assesses the urban interventions that have emerged in response to the pandemic. It examines the spatial implications and challenges of delineating safe distancing in various public and commercial spaces and evaluates the effectiveness of these interventions. The book also explains how Singapore's smart city capabilities help with its Covid-19 response.

This book will be of great interest to urban planners, healthcare professionals, and policymakers across the world, particularly those who are hoping to learn from the success and limitations of Singapore's Covid-19 responses.

Adriany explores gender discourses in early childhood education in Indonesia, as well as how teachers and children are engaged in the process of constructing, negotiating, and resisting dominant gender discourses in kindergartens.

Using an ethnographic approach, Adriany explores how both the teachers and children are doing and undoing their gender. She adopts feminist poststructuralist and postcolonial theories through her research and, in that context, views gender as something fluid and unfixed. The book also investigates the methodological aspect where the authors have both an inside and outside perspective. Each chapter aims to present and complicate the taken-for-granted practices in kindergartens that relate to how gender and power are constructed. The findings of this book show the extent to which early childhood education becomes a space for the teachers and children to construct, negotiate, as well as resist dominant gender discourses in kindergartens.

Offering insights into local and global contexts that shape gender values in early years, this book will be a valuable reference for researchers, scholars, and students in early childhood education, gender studies, and comparative education.