Linguistics: A Functionalist Introduction is a concise, accessible guide to the fundamentals of language and expression for students that are new to the subject.

Unlike other introductions, this book uses a functionalist framework that reflects the way language users form, derive and change meaning in a holistic way: not just through the technical construction of sentences but from how language is experienced, used, stored and processed in the mind. Beginning by introducing the concept of linguistics and different approaches to the subject, the book progresses to introducing the building blocks of language, with chapters on phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. The scope then broadens out to examine language in context and use, including language change, writing systems, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics and language acquisition. Each chapter is enriched with examples to aid learning.

This textbook is an ideal choice for students or instructors looking for a more intuitive approach
to learning the fundamentals of linguistics, and is ideal for introductory linguistics classes within a
variety of programs, including and especially future language arts teachers.

Over the 153-year period since 1870, the phenomenon of globalisation has been shaped and reshaped. As we look back at the events that shaped our understanding of the process and its momentum before and after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), it became clear that the process of globalisation has changed and continues to evolve, which requires a deeper analysis. The book answers the question of why the performance of the hyper-globalisation period has not continued during the post-GFC period after 2010, and what might be expected going forward. Apart from the fact that the fourth globalisation wave period between 2010 to the early 2020s has been characterised by a range of global shocks that caused more volatility, instability, and uncertainty, the major economic determinants of globalisation have also slowed markedly. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by the geopolitical uncertainty and instability all caused global contagion effects around the world, with economic, socio-economic, and geopolitical consequences and responses.

This book aims to analyse most of these global events and shocks and attempted to gather a deeper understanding of the present drivers of globalisation and what the major trends and shifts are geo-economically, socio-economically, and geopolitically. The conclusions drawn include that globalisation remains, despite the current slowbalisation, an integrated process that is globally entrenched, yet complex, cyclical, multifaceted and multiplex.

This book is aimed at academics in economics, political sciences, social sciences, and may also find an audience among international policymakers and scholars at multilateral institutions such as the World Bank and the United Nations.

Monitoring and Evaluation of Practice and Methods in Applied Social Research is a comprehensive guide delving into the core concepts, tools, methods, and approaches of monitoring and evaluation (M&E).

This book reveals the roots of M&E, illustrating its evolution from academia into a burgeoning field of science across various contexts. The challenge practitioners face lies in the inconsistent terminology used for identical concepts among humanitarian organizations, hindering the growth of M&E through shared learning. Embracing an abductive approach, this book seeks to establish M&E as distinct fields within social research. In doing so, it bridges the philosophical gap between novice and expert social researchers and provides a consolidated resource based on real-world experiences.

Written by an expert with over a decade of hands-on experience in applied social research, this book serves as an invaluable tool, offering insights into the diverse landscape of M&E, enabling students and practitioners to navigate various contexts with ease. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), United Nations (UN) bodies, and organizations involved in M&E will also find this book instrumental, creating a bridge of standardized concepts, nomenclature, and approaches.

The Cold War is back in the news. So is history, in the sense of past geopolitical confrontations that for a span of a few decades were thought to be largely decoupled from present-day political developments. Of course, such reflexive reactions lack nuance and, until the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, tended to refer more to tensions between the United States and China. We should neither see Russia's aggressive war in Ukraine immediately as part of a new cold war-though it could certainly become one of its foundation pieces-nor define history simply in terms of warfare and conflict. Yet such history has great appeal in efforts to understand the dizzying and depressing events of recent years. For example, correspondents and commentators have likened the delivery of weapons systems, protective gear, and humanitarian aid to a beleaguered Ukraine to the Berlin Airlift of 1948-49. But relying on history as a guide may mislead as much as enlighten.
No city symbolizes the Cold War quite as Berlin does. When we think of the Cold War and of Berlin, we tend to emphasize the crises-the 1948-49 blockade and airlift, perhaps the 1953 East German workers' uprising, surely the 1958--61 crisis, during which the Berlin Wall was built-and the climactic ending of the Cold War in Europe when the wall came down. Berlin may conjure up iconic moments and tropes, from a statement attributed to Nikita Khrushchev in 1963 that Berlin was "the testicles of the West," to John F. Kennedy's insistence that all free men had to be invested in the defense of Berlin, to Ronald Reagan's exhortation to Mikhail Gorbachev to "tear down this wall." For American presidents (or presidential hopefuls), Berlin and the Brandenburg Gate have remained powerful images, even in the twenty-first century. A presence in Berlin signals strong leadership in the West, even though the proximate reasons why the West, as a political construct, emerged in the first place may be gone. In that sense, Berlin also stands for overcoming the past: first, West Berlin as the counterpoint not only to eastern communism but also to defeated fascism, and second, the new Berlin as the capital of a unified Germany and as a symbol that the West has won.

Examining how a civilian organization used the Civil War to advance their religious mission

Tabernacles in the Wilderness discusses the work of the United States Christian Commission (USCC), a civilian relief agency established by northern evangelical Protestants to minister to Union troops during the American Civil War. USCC workers saw in the Civil War not only a wrathful judgment from God for the sins of the nation but an unparalleled opportunity to save the souls of US citizens and perfect the nation. Thus, the workers set about proselytizing and distributing material aid to Union soldiers with undaunted and righteous zeal.

Whether handing out religious literature, leading prayer meetings, preaching sermons, mending uniforms, drawing up tailored diets for sick men, or bearing witness to deathbed scenes, USCC workers improvised and enacted a holistic lived theology that emphasized the link between the body and soul.

Making extensive use of previously neglected archival material-most notably the reports, diaries, and correspondence of the volunteer delegates who performed this ministry on the battlefront-Rachel Williams explores the proselytizing methods employed by the USCC, the problems encountered in their application, and the ideological and theological underpinnings of their work. Tabernacles in the Wilderness offers fascinating new insights into the role of civilians within army camps, the bureaucratization and professionalization of philanthropy during the Civil War and in the United States more broadly, and the emotional landscape and material culture of faith and worship.

In examining the 424 units of the U.S. national park system, geographers Joe Weber and Selima Sultana focus attention on the historical geography of the system as well as its present distribution, covering the diversity of places under the control of the National Park Service (NPS). This includes the famous national parks such as the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, and Yosemite and the lesser-known national monuments, memorials, lakeshores, seashores, rivers, recreation areas, preserves, reserves, parkways, historic sites, historic parks, and a range of battlefields, as well as more than twenty additional sites not fitting into any of these categories (such as the White House).

The geographic view of The Parks Belong to the People sets it apart from others that have taken a solely historical approach. Where parks are located, what they are near, where their visitors come from, and how land use and activities are organized within parks are some of the fundamental issues discussed. The majority of units in the NPS are devoted to recreation areas or historic sites such as battlefields, archaeological sites, or sites devoted to a specific person, and this is reflected in the authors' approach.

What we think of as a national park has changed over the years and will continue to change. Weber and Sultana emphasize changing social and political environments in which NPS units were created and the roles they serve, such as protecting scenery, providing wildlife habitats, preserving history, and serving as scientific laboratories and places for outdoor recreation. The authors also focus on parks as public facilities and sites of economic activities. National parks were created by people for people to enjoy, at great cost and with great benefit. They cannot be understood without taking this human context into account.

In the face of climate change and resulting environmental and social crises, sustainable consumption has become a widely discussed issue and a key plank of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The majority of the sustainable consumption research uses the SDG framework, but this only serves to reinforce an individualistic, efficiency-based approach and it does not sufficiently cover the specific situation of transition economies. In contrast, this volume promotes a collective approach to sustainable consumption, and combines general theoretical issues with empirical examples from the Polish economy.

The first part of the book presents a theoretical approach to collective consumption which has the core concepts of justice and human nature at its heart. This approach emphasises the role of collective rationality and categorises aspects of sustainable consumption as a common and public good. The second part investigates diversified aspects of sustainability, including socio-economic inequalities as barriers to sustainable consumption, consumer sovereignty in the context of current legal regulations, and the impact on employees of changes to the types and conditions of work. It also examines the sharing economy and the legal conditions of its development. The third part adopts a political perspective focusing on the state policies enhancing the role of investment in public goods, analyses photovoltaic programmes which promote prosumption and indicates challenges to sustainability faced by many countries such as the energy crisis, sustainable finance, and cooperative platforms.

This book will be of great interest to researchers and scholars interested in sustainability and consumption issues in economics, management, law, public administration, and political science.

The first two editions of An Introduction to Partial Differential Equations with MATLAB (R) gained popularity among instructors and students at various universities throughout the world. Plain mathematical language is used in a friendly manner to provide a basic introduction to partial differential equations (PDEs).

Suitable for a one- or two-semester introduction to PDEs and Fourier series, the book strives to provide physical, mathematical, and historical motivation for each topic. Equations are studied based on method of solution, rather than on type of equation.

This third edition of this popular textbook updates the structure of the book by increasing the role of the computational portion, compared to previous editions. The redesigned content will be extremely useful for students of mathematics, physics, and engineering who would like to focus on the practical aspects of the study of PDEs, without sacrificing mathematical rigor. The authors have maintained flexibility in the order of topics.

In addition, students will be able to use what they have learned in some later courses (for example, courses in numerical analysis, optimization, and PDE-based programming). Included in this new edition is a substantial amount of material on reviewing computational methods for solving ODEs (symbolically and numerically), visualizing solutions of PDEs, using MATLAB (R)'s symbolic programming toolbox, and applying various schemes from numerical analysis, along with suggestions for topics of course projects.

Students will use sample MATLAB (R) or Python codes available online for their practical experiments and for completing computational lab assignments and course projects.

This comprehensive book offers pathbreaking research and practical strategies for Spanish heritage language learning

Spelling acquisition and development is often a challenge for Spanish Heritage Language Learners (SHLLs). Instructors, too, struggle to find the best strategies to help their students internalize orthographic rules.

Spelling in Spanish Heritage Language Education argues that spelling is not simply the cherry on top of good writing or a mere editing issue; rather, the skills behind the acquisition of spelling lie beneath deeper literacy development. Amalia Llombart-Huesca discusses how to address this critical skill, including the cognitive skills underlying spelling, the role of age and bilingualism, and a thorough description of the most common types of spelling errors students make and their causes. Throughout the book, she demonstrates the importance of spelling skills by showing how they can help students improve other crucial literacy aspects, such as reading fluency, reading comprehension, and vocabulary growth.

Written for instructors of SHLLs and researchers of SHL education, Spelling in Spanish Heritage Language Education includes guidelines, recommendations, and ideas for creating spelling activities and meaningfully integrating them into curricula. Combining novel research and practical strategies, this is an invaluable resource for Spanish instructors and researchers.

Verbal and nonverbal communicative acts mark the links within our discourse, help us to exchange turns and give backchannel in conversation. This book analyses the communicative system of gaze in depth, investigating its structure and functions the same way that words and gestures are studied, and shows how to do so by establishing a phonology, a morphology and a semantics of eye communication, before finally outlining a lexicon of gaze.

Poggi provides a detailed semantic analysis of lexical items, highlights the role of gaze in multimodal communication, and illustrates its uses in everyday life, politics, education and musical performance. The meanings we communicate by gaze are intertwined with the multimodality of our communication, thus integrating, complementing, sometimes contradicting, whether deliberately or inadvertently, what we say with words or gestures.

Starting from a robust theoretical framework, this book also provides an overview of the methods that can be exploited to study gaze, ranging from ethno-semantics to observation and simulation, and provides examples of their use.

A timely and original contribution that is essential reading for advanced students, scholars and researchers of multimodal communication, pragmatics, social psychology and related areas.

How to Augment Language Skills outlines ways in which translators and language providers can expand their skillset and how translation technologies can be integrated into language learning and translator training.

This book explains the basics of generative AI, machine translation, and translation memory suites, placing them in a historical context and assessing their fundamental impacts on language skills. It covers what to teach in a specific context, how to teach it, how to assess the result, and how to set up lively class discussions on the many problematic aspects. The exploratory empirical approach is designed to reach across several divides: between language education and translation studies, between technology designers and users, between Western and Asian research, and between abstract ideas and hands-on practice.

Features include:

• Fifty-seven technology-related activities for the language and/or translation class.
• Recent research on the capacities of generative AI.
• Examples of how to conduct a needs analysis in the Higher Education context.
• Comparisons of the main teaching methods.
• Ways to assess the use of technologies.
• Examples in Chinese, Spanish, Catalan, French, and German.
• A full glossary explaining the key terms in clear language.

Drawing on years of classroom experience, Pym and Hao illustrate how these skills can be taught in a range of classroom and online activities, making this essential reading for teachers and researchers involved in the teaching of languages and the training of translators.

The Routledge Handbook of Portuguese Phonology provides an up-to-date description of the Portuguese phonological system, including a thorough account of the fundamental concepts, data, and previous explanations, as well as the status quaestionis, directions for future research, and further reading.

Divided into five parts with contributions from leading international scholars and rising stars, the book's 23 chapters provide a thorough account of the Portuguese sound system and a range of perspectives on Portuguese phonology. This is the most comprehensive volume on Portuguese phonology written in English, and it delves into the most pressing issues and challenges regarding a wide variety of topics, such as segmental and suprasegmental phenomena; aspects concerning the interfaces between phonology and other linguistic domains; and issues on synchronic variation, diachronic change, acquisition, and the teaching of Portuguese speech prosody to non-native learners.

This in-depth resource will be invaluable for researchers and advanced students of Portuguese language and linguistics, as well as those interested in phonology and linguistics more broadly.

This volume links corpus research to classroom practice and critically assesses how the integration of a corpus-informed methodology affects pedagogical choices, teaching materials and classroom activities. Focusing on the language classroom, and drawing on examples from English, French, German and Hungarian, this book demonstrates that such methodology is applicable to languages with very different properties.

Drawing on both larger, general and smaller, more specialised corpora, including both spoken and written data, this volume:

• presents the key features of natural language according to corpus linguistics, establishing principles and methods to observe and practice natural-sounding language use
• suggests the characteristics of a coherent, corpus-informed methodology and contrasts this with existing methodologies
• explores ways in which this methodology can enhance language learning and discusses the types of activities that are most effective
• explains how this methodology be integrated into teacher training

Bridging the long-persisting gap between corpus-informed language teaching research and applied classroom reform, this book is key reading for researchers in applied linguistics and language pedagogy, as well as teacher trainers and practitioners.

The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Listening offers a state-of-the-art, systematic discussion of the role of listening in second language acquisition (SLA) and use.

This handbook positions listening not just as a receptive comprehension skill, but also as an integral part of interaction, a vital component in the process of language acquisition, and a skill which needs attention in its own right.

World-leading international scholars synthesize and contextualize the salient theoretical approaches, methodological issues, empirical findings, practical applications, and emerging themes in L2 listening development and processing. They illustrate the role that L2 listening ability plays in understanding SLA and interactional competence, and set the future research agenda to move the field forward.

This volume is an indispensable resource to students, scholars, and practitioners from the fields of SLA, cognitive psychology, language teaching, and assessment, as well as those interested in pronunciation, speaking, and oral communication.

This book presents recent sociological research investigating the intersection of technology, human sexuality, and health.

Rapid advances within biomedical, biomechanical, and biodigital domains have prompted scholarly exploration into the ways these technologies are being integrated into, or are reshaping, human sexual and intimate practices and the resulting health implications. Scholarship has also focused on the potential for new technologies to extend the imagined, and real, possibilities for enhancing human sexual experiences. The chapters in this book delve into the interconnected themes of sex, health, bodies, and risk in relation to emerging technologies. They illuminate the intricate interplay between human bodies, sexual practices and technologies, spotlight how novel technologies and human practices collaboratively shape or remodel cultures of sex and intimacy, and critically interrogate the discourses of risk and pleasure that frame our understanding of technology and sex.

Researchers within the fields of sociology, technology studies, human sexuality, and health, as well as educators and professionals seeking a comprehensive understanding of how people engage with technologies in their intimate relationships and sex lives, will find this collection engaging and informative. Additionally, individuals interested in the cultural, societal, and ethical implications of emerging technologies in relation to sexual experiences and health will also benefit from the insights presented in this volume. The chapters in this book were originally published in several journals, including Health Sociology Review, Journal of Gender Studies, and Information & Communications Technology Law.