This book offers a fresh approach to human rights by analyzing the role of institutional checks and balances, governmentalism and system's approach, intended for the prevention of human rights violations, the enforcement of human rights norms and rules, and important actors such as International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGO), and domestic Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).

The book presents case studies that offer innovative, political, historical, and social perspectives on how the International Human Rights Regime (IHRG) is practiced. It critically examines the interpretation, inconsistency, and application of the human rights norms in the Global South, and shows how the national mobilization of human rights is directly affected by the interdependence existing between the national and the transnational levels.

This book will be of key interest to scholars, students, and practitioners of human rights, and more broadly of comparative politics, international law, global governance, international and nongovernmental organizations.

This book outlines a critical theory of citizenship, with an emphasis on how citizenship institutes power relations and organises the rights and obligations of those who become its subjects.

Whether it is the question of the rights of animals, children, migrants, minorities, mothers, or mountains, and whether such rights are protected or guaranteed by national law, international law, or human rights law, the issue of citizenship has already indelibly marked the 21st century. As an institution, citizenship governs the relationship between a polity and its peoples by dividing them into citizens and noncitizens, with differentiated rights and obligations. So necessarily, this book argues, citizenship is an institution of domination and emancipation that brings into play the struggles of those who want to protect certain privileges and the struggles of those who are against being caught in either second-class or noncitizen categories. Deconstructing dominant theories and practices of citizenship, a critical theory of citizenship must, therefore, not only analyse intersecting rights, but also connect citizenship to these broader social struggles. For it is these struggles, the book maintains, that give meaning to citizenship itself.

The book will be of interest to scholars and students in sociolegal studies, sociology, politics, and as well as those working in citizenship, migration, and refugee studies.

This book examines the understudied, yet increasingly applied, concept of Guarantees of Non-Repetition under international human rights law and transitional justice.

Guarantees of Non-Repetition (GNRs) are measures taken to ensure that human rights abuses do not recur. They are especially crucial in post-war contexts marked by severe and systematic violations. However, although they are increasingly invoked, GNRs are not well understood, and they have so far received only limited theoretical and practical analysis. Tracing their development to the influence of international human rights law, this book considers what GNRs are, how and why they have come about, and how GNRs are implemented. Through an explication of the history, law and jurisprudence of GNR's - in regional mechanisms in Latin America, Europe, and Asia, as well as in international bodies - the book maintains the increasing importance, and as yet unfulfilled potential, of this legal obligation in transitional justice settings.

This first book to analyse the development of GNRs and their application will appeal to scholars in the areas of law and transitional justice, public policy, and socio-legal studies, as well as lawyers and policy-makers working in post-conflict situations.

This collection examines the difficult task of reforming governments worldwide to meet citizens' needs and aspirations. It advances constructive efforts to enhance public accountability while recognizing the complex ways in which corruption, greed, and state capture undermine the legitimacy and performance of government. The contributors are political scientists, lawyers, and economists who bring a cross-disciplinary approach to their chosen subjects. The first group of chapters deals with public sector performance, development, and public participation. Complementary pieces by a practitioner and a scholar confront the challenges of achieving reform in countries with difficult political environments and extensive poverty and inequality. The second group emphasizes the way corruption and state capture limit the accountability and effectiveness of governments in both developing and wealthy countries. The contributions consider the institutional roots of dysfunctional government and their links to the private sector. Taken together, the volume surveys a wide range of topics with theoretical arguments and empirical findings that provide insights into real-world problems and policymaking dilemmas. Inspired by Susan Rose-Ackerman's fifty-year exploration of public policymaking, public law, and corruption, the collection will be an invaluable resource for researchers, academics and policy makers working in the areas of Public Law, Anticorruption, and Political-Economy.

This book contributes to the broader discussion on the development of renewable energy sources for a clean and sustainable energy to drive sustainable growth, energy security and sustainable development.

Focusing on sub-Sahara African perspectives, with Ghana as the central case study, this book focuses on how regulatory regimes can be designed to achieve renewable energy targets for electricity production. Exploring the regulatory rationales behind the government's intervention in the Ghanaian renewable energy sector, it examines whether the regulatory measures adopted by the Ghanaian government are sufficient to attract adequate investment to meet renewable energy integration targets. Assessing the regulatory frameworks of the renewable energy sectors of The Gambia and Nigeria, the book compares these countries to the regulatory approaches to renewable energy development in Ghana. Arguing that there are significant regulatory issues impeding renewable energy development in Ghana, with wider consequences across sub-Saharan Africa, the book suggests solutions which can establish a robust and an effective regulatory framework to achieve renewable energy developmental targets.

A comprehensive read, this volume will appeal to scholars and researchers of sustainable development, law and legal studies, environmental laws, development economics, applied industrial economics, energy security, African economy, public policy and regulatory policy. It will also be of interest to professionals and practitioners in policy circles and research think tanks.

This book elaborates and interrogates the idea of evil corporations from a diverse range of disciplines.

There has long been awareness of systemic harms inflicted by corporations, but this awareness has rarely led to any effective legal means to prevent and/or respond adequately to them. Lawyers and legal theorists appear to be stuck asking the same questions, and giving the same ineffective answers. Part of the problem, this book maintains, is the relative lack of theoretical interrogation into the nature of corporations as responsible, moral agents. To break this stasis, this book draws upon philosophies of wickedness in order to ask whether or not corporations are, or can be, evil. With contributions from a range of different disciplines, including law, cultural theory, theology, and philosophy, it offers a novel account of how and why corporate wrongs are caused, whilst exploring the extent to which the legal system itself facilitates such wrongdoing.

The book targets a broad international audience with research interests in corporate crime. This will be of particular interest to those within the legal discipline, including corporate law, criminal law, corporate crime and law and humanities scholars.

Chapter 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

The legal principle of ne bis in idem proclaims that no person shall be tried twice for the same matter. This principle is important in theory and practice, as it safeguards a fundamental individual interest and spares the accused the burden of a repeat trial. This book provides a comprehensive examination of the ne bis in idem principle in international criminal law. Readers will find a detailed account of ne bis in idem rules in the law and practice of the International Criminal Court and other international criminal courts. The book also examines international law ne bis in idem rules that govern the domestic prosecution of international crimes. The book will be a valuable resource for researchers, academics and policy-makers working in the areas of International Criminal Law and International Human Rights law. It will be of particular use to those interested in defense rights, admissibility of cases before international criminal courts, and issues arising from prosecution of international crimes in multiple criminal jurisdictions.

How crime and security are governed has become a critical issue in criminology over the first quarter of the twenty-first century. Today, we see a broader landscape of regulatory players who are involved in the control and management of crime, whether in crime prevention, safety in the community or in providing private security services. The Security Field: Crime Control, Power and Symbolic Capital gets to grips with these changes and argues that this forms an emerging field in which different players appear to compete and co-operate but are ultimately vying to shape and order the field. This book draws on new thinking in the social sciences on questions of crime, fear and security and contributes to the expanding interest on the sociology and criminology of security by offering a Bourdieusian approach to plural policing and the everyday political economy of security.

Drawing from Bourdieu's concept of field, this book builds a theory of the security field based upon a series of in-depth interviews with security actors such as senior police officers, NGOs, private security professionals, government officials and community safety workers in Ireland. It demonstrates how security producers compete for cultural capital in its many forms - as data, information and relationships - and ultimately as a way of cementing their positions in this emerging field. It shows the dominant power of the formal police and central government in shaping and ordering this relational space. In doing so, The Security Field: Crime Control, Power and Symbolic Capital builds an empirical case from three distinct areas of security production: urban security, community safety and the connections between regulated private security and public crime prevention. It explores the challenges of securitisation in respect of public safety, security and rights and the way in which social problems such as drug use, homelessness and urban marginality are recast as 'security' concerns.

An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to students and scholars of criminology, sociology, urban studies and security studies.

This book presents the results of the latest in a long-running research project using the RIMES instrument, developed by scholars in Spain. Here, RIMES is used to measure the extent of social exclusion resulting from the penal system in comparative perspective. The volume shows the results of the application of the instrument in seven criminal justice systems: Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, England and Wales, California, and New York.

Divided into two parts, the first provides a general overview of the RIMES instrument, including a discussion of the theoretical model and the methodology. The second part focuses on the results of the application of RIMES in the seven jurisdictions. The comparative results are organised according to the nine dimensions included in the RIMES instrument: control of public spaces; legal safeguards; sentencing and sanctions systems; harshest penalties; prison rules; preventive intervention; legal and social status of offenders and ex-offenders; police and criminal records; and youth criminal justice. The last chapter summarizes the comparative results and ranks them in terms of the findings on social exclusion.

The book will be of interest to academics, researchers and policy-makers working in the areas of Comparative Criminal Justice, Criminology, Criminal Law and Policy.

This book documents the evolution of the United Nations (UN) Crime Programme and its changing priorities, from the early focus on juvenile delinquency and correctional treatment, to the present preoccupation with transnational organized crime. It analyses what factors have contributed to this evolution, and to the shift from the original work on "soft law" resolutions and international standards, to "hard law" conventions, and to the expansion of technical assistance. It also examines the changing structure and working methods of the Programme, such as the UN Crime Commission and the UN Secretariat unit responsible for the Programme, the UN Crime Congresses, and the Programme Network Institutes. Drawing on almost 50 years of experience on the "inside" of the UN Crime Programme and his hands-on knowledge of the working of governmental and intergovernmental processes, Matti Joutsen explores the transitions that have taken place in the UN Crime Programme over the seven decades of its existence, assesses the changing impact of the Programme, and suggests possible future directions in international cooperation in crime prevention and criminal justice.

An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to students and scholars of criminology, sociology, politics, criminal justice, policy makers, and those interested in the evolution of the UN Crime Programme.

This book presents an analysis of the male supremacist ideology of the internet-based subculture known as the manosphere and examines the process of radicalization to violent extremism that occurs within the group. The manosphere is the online subculture comprised of several distinct groups who share a basic gender ideology that is misogynistic and anti-feminist in the extreme. The manosphere celebrates a toxic hegemonic masculinity that encourages sexual violence and portrays violence as an understandable response to a feminized culture that denigrates manhood. Evidence has shown that several recent cases of murder, mass murder, and rape involved offenders who participated in this subculture prior to engaging in their crimes. Through the use of quotes gathered directly from the websites and message boards frequented by individuals within the subculture, this book offers an in-depth analysis of the ideology of the manosphere, and the common attitudes, values, and beliefs promoted within the various groups that comprise the subculture. It also presents a theoretical perspective that may shed light on what draws men to these groups and the processes by which they become radicalized to the far right and violent extremism. This book will be of interest to scholars and students in criminology, sociology, and political science, and others interested in examining the manifestation and effects of the manosphere on crime and criminal justice.

This book investigates corruption and anti-corruption efforts in Africa, emphasising the regional and thematic differences across the continent, whilst also exploring key patterns and trends.

Combatting the ethnocentrism of Western corruption research, this book highlights the importance of a home-generated and contextualised approach to understanding corruption in Africa. Bringing together a rich array of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research, the book considers how corruption manifests in a range of selected countries across the political, economic, and social spheres. The book adopts a strong comparative approach, exploring patterns, dynamics, and mechanisms in African societies. It assesses the historical underpinnings of corruption, emerging trends, and socio-economic realities before suggesting realistic contemporary solutions to the challenges of corruption in Africa. Bringing together academics and practitioners, readers will encounter intellectual discussion face-to-face with realities on the ground.

As such, the book will be useful for scholars, politicians, public officials, and civil society organizations, as well as for students and researchers across the fields of political science, public administration, economy and corruption studies.

Offering a range of theoretical and conceptual ideas as well as practical examples, this book provides a detailed insight into holistic opportunities for promoting desistance, reducing reoffending, and supporting (re)settlement and (re)integration.

Providing a fresh lens through which to view existing debates within desistance and (re)settlement literature, the book encourages different perspectives and a new framing of current approaches. To this purpose, each chapter considers what embedding a person-centered holistic approach within the criminal justice system might look like, including ways of working within the confines of current processes, potential ethical considerations and how to maximize the potential impact to reduce reoffending.

Interdisciplinary in approach, Holistic Responses to Reducing Reoffending will appeal to students, scholars, practitioners and policymakers within criminology, criminal justice, penology and prison studies.

This book contributes to the study of collective memory and the sociology of terrorism by analysing the role of memorialization in relation to terrorism, its victims, and the broader society. While various social scientists have extensively theorized and analysed how trauma and memory interact, grow apart, and reinforce each other, this book puts the rights and needs of the victims centre-stage.

Departing from the prescriptive, legal blueprints of memory, this book introduces the concept of 'memorial needs' to challenge and complement existing victimological frameworks. It critically assesses the efficacy of public memorialization and its success in assisting those affected by violence by exploring how victims engage with memory and memorialization. It investigates personal and collective responses to urban terrorism in Europe that have taken a wide range of forms including media coverage, spontaneous memorials and public mobilizations, literary and artistic works, trials, and controversial counter-terrorism measures. Making a case against the fetishization of memory as an overarching answer to curing visible and invisible wounds provoked by violence, Victims and Memory After Terrorism sends out a practical invitation to the field to 'repair symbolic reparations' in a way that memorialisation is not just an expression of potential, an aspiration for a more moral and just society and a promise of healing for the victimised.

An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to students and scholars of victimology, criminology, sociology, politics and those interested in the relationship between collective memory and terrorism.

The Legacy of 9/11 is a retrospective about how policing, intelligence, and counter-terrorism have changed in the more than twenty years since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.

Bringing together scholars and practitioners, the book takes an interdisciplinary approach with fields including history, international relations, intelligence studies, law, and political science. It highlights how some challenges in policing, intelligence, and counter-terrorism brought about by the attacks have been resolved, how some persist and how others have been transformed. The chapters explore state and non-state actors' actions, reactions, and overreactions that shape contemporary aspects of policing, intelligence, and terrorism. In all three worlds, intelligence, policing, and counter-terrorism, the 9/11 attacks changed how the threat of terrorism is perceived, approached, and effectively countered by learning from the mistakes that led to the success of the attacks and initiating a process on the national and international levels of integrating security structures and implementing changes that have made 9/11 the last large scale terrorist strike on U.S. soil. To illustrate these accomplishments and to highlight future challenges, the volume examines the inextricably connected elements of policing and intelligence in counter-terrorism as well as how counter-terrorism practitioners and jihadists were transformed by one day of attacks, more than twenty years ago.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism.

This book demonstrates how culture matters for the understanding of cannabis use. It stems from the growing body of research on how users manoeuvre stigmatisation and celebrate the subcultural status of cannabis amid rapid transformation of the substance and its societal reception. The volume presents international studies that challenge the normalisation thesis and simplified views on patterns of use, as well as the Western bias in social research of cannabis.

Chapters in this book map the variability of cannabis cultures and markets on a global scale including digital, regulated and illicit markets in transformation. They study cannabis through stigmatisation, gender, social worlds, symbolic boundaries, subcultures, and identity work. The chapters address diverse themes, such as how Latvian, Polish, Nigerian or Mexican users negotiate mainstream conservative, and sometimes gendered societal reactions to cannabis - and how Nordic users' identities are played out in more progressive contexts. Chapters also cover cannabis use by older people and small growers' cultures in the US and the interconnections between the established cultures and their digital augmentation in Australia. Synthetic cannabis use is studied in New Zealand and the many contradictions of contemporary cannabis policies are highlighted throughout.

Taken together, this book offers an assortment of studies that provide a descriptive and conceptual snapshot of ongoing transitions of paradoxically stable cannabis cultures. It was originally published as a special issue of Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy.

Recent financial crisis and the global financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have brought renewed interest to the regulation and practice of corporate insolvency and restructuring.

Modernisation of the insolvency profession, and the regulation of its practitioners, is a contemporary concern and recent years have seen significant reforms of insolvency law. The success of such reforms can be enhanced through a clear understanding of difficulties faced by the insolvency profession in achieving successful restructuring and insolvency outcomes and through the determination of effective solutions to those difficulties. However, there is limited empirical data to inform the day-to-day practice of insolvency, nor the difficulties experienced by insolvency practitioners in pursing insolvency and restructuring solutions. This book addresses this absence of data and understanding, examining the role and practice of corporate insolvency practitioners and exploring the challenges that they encounter.

Offering an empirical study together with a comparative analysis of the experiences of practitioners around the world, this book facilitates a greater understanding of corporate insolvency practice, confronting a misunderstanding of, and under-confidence in, corporate insolvency practitioners, making it key reading for academics, practitioners and regulators working in the area of corporate insolvency.

Banking Law and Financial Regulation in the UK and EU seeks to blend orthodox topics covered within the banking and financial law syllabus, such as sources of banking and financial law, financial markets, financial and banking institutions, financial transactions, and banking and financial insolvency, with a careful analysis of emerging issues and more contemporary topics.

This advanced-level textbook offers a new format for the study of banking and financial law, placing it within the wider context of economic development. As such, two elements are integral to this new methodology: the rise of techno-banking and digitalisation of the financial sector, and Brexit. Departing from the approaches of more traditional textbooks in this area, the book also takes a comparative approach to UK and EU banking law, highlighting the legal consequences of the UK's exit from the EU. Aspects of human rights are integrated throughout and current debates and developments around financial crises - the advancement of technological innovations in the banking sector and contemporary topics, such as health crises, energy, and ESG and the environment - is taken into account to provide the reader with the opportunity to develop their own autonomous and broader understanding of the various concepts.

Banking Law and Financial Regulation in the UK and EU will be a valuable text for students taking advanced undergraduate and postgraduate-level courses in banking law and financial law, as well as practising lawyers, managers and accountants.

This book investigates the implementation of disability rights and duties in the European Union, aiming to understand its functioning and explore ways forward through a critical analysis of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) within the context of international regulation. Along the lines of the integration of fundamental rights within the common market, the EU has indeed progressively adopted meaningful regulation to advance disability rights, which are now essentially shaped by the CRPD. The research considers the interaction between law and policy at the international, EU and Member States' level, focusing on three essential elements, including the sources of disability law, institutional mechanisms and substantive regulation. Grounded in the distinction between primary rules on law-making and secondary norms on enforcement, the analysis unfolds against the background of the 'twin' transitions on sustainability and digitalisation and encompasses the Council of Europe system, particularly in the light of the foreseeable accession of the EU to the European Convention on Human Rights. Arguably, following the progressive development it has facilitated in other regulatory areas, the Court of Justice of the European Union can provide a decisive contribution to advancing inclusiveness for people with disabilities in the Union.

The book is a useful resource for practitioners, policymakers, academics, students, researchers and anyone interested in EU and international disability law and politics.

This collection brings together perspectives from early-career LGBTQ+ scholars as they navigate the scholarly publishing landscape, highlighting their experiences and challenges in providing greater representation within the academic community and existing scholarship.

The volume reflects on the ways in which scholarly output is intricately linked with scholarly identity and the challenges LGBTQ+ scholars face when their scholarly and gender and sexual identities can often seem to be in conflict. The book showcases perspectives from doctoral students and early-career scholars from around the world working across different disciplines, supported by case studies, autoethnographic narratives, and discourse analysis, to explore key issues facing those who identify as LGBTQ+ or who wish to research and publish on topics relating to gender and sexual identity. These include negotiating positionality, the role of writing styles in identity construction for queer scholars, the ways in which publishing gatekeepers perpetuate heteronormativity, and the part support networks play for researchers.

The book gives voice to a wider range of scholars towards creating a more inclusive publishing environment and will be of interest to students and researchers who identify as LGBTQ+ and those working in such fields as applied linguistics, English for academic purposes, queer theory, and gender studies.

This is the fifth volume in a series charting the causes of war from 3000 BCE to the present day,
written by a leading international lawyer.

While contextualised in the conflicts and patterns of the period, this work, as drawn directly from the treaties
and the negotiations which led up to them, shows what made both war and peace. The period covered in
this volume, 1800 to 1850, brings this series into the start of the modern world.

From the Napoleonic Wars through to the international mechanisms that followed, the first efforts at global
cooperation to maintain peace between the major powers were unique. So too, the spread of colonialism, the
expansion of the United States, the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, and the disintegration and reforming of South America. Each of these external actions that were often linked to war, were mirrored by changes within societies, as the values each society fought for often became just as contentious within countries, as they were between them.

The practice of teaching international law is conducted in a wide range of contexts across the world by a host of different actors - including scholars, practitioners, civil society groups, governments, and international organisations.

This collection brings together a diversity of scholars and practitioners to share their experiences and critically reflect on current practices of teaching international law across different contexts, traditions, and perspectives to develop existing conversations and spark fresh ones concerning teaching practices within the field of international law. Reflecting on the responsibilities of teachers of international law to engage with and confront histories, contemporary crises, and everyday events in their teaching, the collection explores efforts to decenter the teacher and the law in the classroom, opportunities for dialogical and critical approaches to teaching, and the possibilities of co-producing non-conventional pedagogies that question the mainstream underpinnings of international law teaching. Focusing on the tools and techniques used to teach international law to date, the collection examines the teaching of international law in different contexts. Traversing a range of domestic and regional contexts around the world, the book offers insights into both the culture of teaching in particular domestic settings, aswell as the structural challenges and obstacles that arise in terms of who, what, and how international law is taught in practice.

Offering a unique window into the personal experiences of a diversity of scholars and practitioners from around the world, this collection aims to nurture conversations about the responsibilities, approaches, opportunities, and challenges of teaching international law.

This book draws on concrete cases of collaboration between anthropologists and legal practitioners to critically assess the use of anthropological expertise in a variety of legal contexts from the point of view of the anthropologist as well as of the decision-maker or legal practitioner. The contributions, several of which are co-authored by anthropologist-legal practitioner tandems, deal with the roles of and relationships between anthropologists and legal professionals, which are often collaborative, interdisciplinary, and complementary. Such interactions go far beyond courts and litigation into areas of law that might be called 'social justice activism'. They also entail close collaboration with the people -often subjects of violence and dispossession -with whom the anthropologists and legal practitioners are working. The aim of this collection is to draw on past experiences to come up with practical methodological suggestions for facilitating this interaction and collaboration and for enhancing the efficacy of the use of anthropological expertise in legal contexts. Explicitly designed to bridge the gap between theory and practice, and between scholarship and practical application, the book will appeal to scholars and researchers engaged in anthropology, legal anthropology, socio-legal studies, and asylum and migration law. It will also be of interest to legal practitioners and applied social scientists, who can glean valuable lessons regarding the challenges and rewards of genuine collaboration between legal practitioners and social scientists.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

This book considers the ways in which the concept of the Rule of Law will need to evolve in order to ensure that the exercise of power by Artificial Intelligence (AI) does not become arbitrary and does not proceed unchecked. It presents the Rule of Law and its impact on the past and the present; it considers what AI is, what it does, and what it might become in future; and it looks at how AI will need to be harnessed to allow power to be exercised more effectively in the future.

The book argues that the Rule of Law has for centuries been the concept that protects against the arbitrary exercise of power. However, the exercise of power by AI unchecked by humans strains the concept's ability to provide this protection.

This book considers the ethics and politics of state apologies made to Indigenous peoples.

The prevalent tendency to treat an apology as a speech act has maintained the focus on the state leader making the apology and not on the victims' claims. This book demonstrates the inherent shortcomings of this approach through an examination of apologies delivered to Indigenous peoples in Australia and Canada. Contrasting the texts of these apologies with Indigenous peoples' responses, the book develops an understanding of apology as a relational process. This involves engaging Indigenous peoples in dialogue, the aim of which would be to address past injuries by fulfilling the apology's transformative promise of 'never again' to Indigenous peoples' satisfaction. The book concludes by examining more recent developments in Australia and Canada that highlight the continuing need for government accountability to fulfil this promise and ensure Indigenous people's rights and interests are upheld.

This book will be of considerable interest to scholars and students in the fields of law and politics, Indigenous studies; forgiveness studies; transitional justice and reconciliation; settler colonialism and decolonisation.