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Data held by private companies can make the performance of public administration tasks more effective and efficient. This presupposes that public authorities have legally secure access to such data. Johannes Erny examines the legal foundations governing data acquisition by public authorities. He demonstrates under which conditions existing instruments are capable of meeting administrative data needs and where their limitations lie. The focus is on striking a balance between the public interest in effective data use and the protection interests of companies. In doing so, the author takes into account economic insights as well as recent developments in EU law on the European data economy, in particular the Data Governance Act and the Data Act. On this basis, he identifies existing shortcomings and develops proposals for a European framework governing data access by public authorities.