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This book provides a comprehensive exploration of how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping responsible conduct of research and research governance, while calling for proactive, interdisciplinary frameworks to ensure its responsible and equitable use. It examines how AI, including digital communication technologies, are transforming the research landscape across disciplines, ranging from management and biomedical sciences to education and citizen science. It unfolds both the opportunities and challenges that arise when integrating AI tools into research, emphasizing ethical and legal issues, how AI transforms research workflows and ethical oversight while raising questions about the autonomy of researchers and research participants. The book also assesses a legal framework in the European Union, proposes governance and training perspectives to thrive in AI-augmented environments, and examines the role of Research Ethics Committees in adapting to AI-assisted methodologies. The book concludes by reflecting on the pedagogical implications of AI in student research, advocating for approaches that balance technological assistance with the preservation of critical thinking and research integrity, and presents multidimensional skills that clarify the concepts surrounding future skills.