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A deep ethnography on children who work in Lima, Peru, and a critique of the global anti-child labor effort..

Children juggling at traffic lights and selling candy from car to car are ubiquitous in Lima, Peru's capital, making Peru a hotspot for child labor reformers. While the intentions behind the anti-child labor movement are good, in practice this effort affects children and their families in unexpected and often harmful ways.

Anthropologist Leigh Campoamor argues that the concept of child labor is stuck in an industrial-era framing, which fails to capture the reality of working youth in the global south today. Following children who work on Lima's streets through their daily routines, Campoamor shows how poor, racialized youth become subjects of intervention by state institutions, NGOs, and the general public. These interventions, even when motivated by genuine concern for children's well-being, do little to address the underlying systems that require children to work. Indeed, some remedies promoted by officials and NGOs punish families-especially mothers-laboring to survive the immiserating demands of neoliberal capitalism. Arguing that reformers are reinforcing hierarchies of race, class, gender, and age, Growing Up Working draws on feminist critiques of care work todevelop a new vision of "public childhood," showing how working youth assert agency and achieve dignity through their everyday engagements. Campoamor follows the children at the center of her ethnography into adulthood, providing an intimate and dynamic portrait of their lives while critiquing the ways anti-child labor discourses imagine working children's futures.