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In 1952, a Prague court tried Rudolf Slansky and thirteen other Communist leaders - eleven of them "of Jewish heritage" - of espionage and treason. Most of the defendants were executed days later. The trial, which was one of the most notorious Stalin-era show trials in Eastern Europe, has long been considered as an antisemitic Soviet export, directly orchestrated by Stalin. This collectively written book overturns that long-standing misinterpretation of the trial. Drawing on a vast array of archival sources, it uncovers the ways in which the trial emerged from political rivalries in Prague and beyond, fueled by personal ambitions and calculated attempts to capture Moscow's attention. The book traces the prewar and wartime formation of the Czechoslovak Communist elite, the mechanisms of postwar power consolidation, the role of ethnic cleansing, and the shifting use of antisemitism and "Zionism" in domestic politics. It demonstrates how factional maneuvering, coercive interrogations, and carefully curated information sent to Moscow shaped both the trial itself and the wave of related proceedings that continued even after Stalin's death. Beyond reconstructing the orchestration between Prague and Moscow, the book opens a window into the inner workings of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, revealing the rituals, hierarchies, and personal ties that bound its leaders to counterparts in the Soviet Union and across Eastern Europe. Situating the Slansky trial within the larger framework of Cold War geopolitics, the authors also examine its contested legacies, from the ways it has been remembered and forgotten to its enduring symbolic role in debates about authoritarianism and justice. By integrating political, social, and cultural history, this book offers a powerful new perspective on authoritarian rule, the porous boundaries between victim and perpetrator, and the local agency expressed through the choices that culminated in the Stalinist bloc's most infamous spectacle of justice.