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... a pure mathematician does what he can do as well as he should, whilst an applied mathematician does what he should do as well as he can... (Gr. C. Moisil Romanian mathematician, 1906-1973) Flows in porous media were initially the starting point for the study which has evolved into this book, because the acquirement and improving of kn- ledge about the analysis and control of water in?ltration and solute spreading arechallenginganddemandingpresentissuesinmanydomains,likesoilsci- ces, hydrology, water management, water quality management, ecology. The mathematical modelling required by these processes revealed from the beg- ning interesting and di?cult mathematical problems, so that the attention was redirected to the theoretical mathematical aspects involved. Then, the qualitative results found were used for the explanation of certain behaviours of the physical processes which had made the object of the initial study and for giving answers to the real problems that arise in the soil science practice. In this way the work evidences a perfect topic for an applied mathematical research. This book was written in the framework of my research activity within the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics of the Ro- nianAcademy.SomeresultswereobtainedwithintheprojectCNCSIS33045/ 2004-2006, ?nanced by the Romanian Ministry of Research and Education. In a preliminary form, part of the results included here were lecture notes for master and Ph.D. students during the scienti?c stages (November- December 2003 and May-June 2004) of the author at the Center for Optimal Control and Discrete Mathematics belonging to the Central China Normal University in Wuhan.