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Administration and Economy in Early Babylonian Society presents an analytical edition of 65 previously unpublished cuneiform tablets and bullae from the Ur III period (2112-2004 BC), currently held in the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at the University of Notre Dame. Carefully transliterated, translated, and annotated, these texts are made available for the first time, offering fresh material for research not only in Ur III studies and Assyriology but also in economic history, social anthropology, and the study of early bureaucratic systems. The tablets provide detailed records of Ur III administrative practices, economic organization, and daily operations. They cover agricultural management, including field maintenance, irrigation systems, and the production of crops from orchards and date groves. Additional documents shed light on livestock administration, craft production, labour allocation (including lists of workers and their supervisors), food preparation, and the transportation of goods. Collectively, they reveal the intricate mechanisms that sustained one of Mesopotamia's earliest centralized states. Beyond institutional structures, these texts illuminate the lives of individuals--scribes recording transactions, overseers managing workforces, and labourers fulfilling their duties--offering a human dimension to our understanding of Ur III society. The volume combines rigorous philological analysis with historical interpretation, ensuring reliability for specialists while remaining accessible to non-specialists interested in comparative studies of early complex societies.