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A symposium on number theory was organized at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune from July 12 - 16, 2021 in honour of Professor M. V. Subbarao (May 4, 1921 - February 15, 2006) on his birth centenary. Due to travel restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, this symposium was conducted online and had participation from speakers all across the globe. The editors of this volume are glad to present the Proceedings of this symposium to readers.It contains twelve chapters contributed by symposium speakers, and a personal reminiscence of Professor Subbarao.These articles encompass a wide variety of topics, including those to which Prof. Subbarao has made fundamental contributions, such as partition theory, and the characterization of additive and multiplicative functions. Chapters touch upon wider themes in number theory, such as summation formulas arising from a boundary value problem in heat conduction, parity results for the generalized divisor function, probabilistic limit theorems for the zeta function, infinite-rank Euclidean lattices, the density of visible lattice points, and a question of Baker in transcendental number theory. Finally, in resonance with one of the most challenging problems that the world has faced (and continues to face) in recent times, this volume also contains an article on modelling pandemics with applications to COVID-19.