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Some people are worse off than others. Does this fact give rise to moral concern? Egalitarianism claims that it does, for a wide array of reasons. It is one of the most important and hotly debated problems in moral and political philosophy and also plays an important role in practical contexts such as the allocation of health care resources, the design of education and tax systems, and the pursuit of global justice.

Egalitarianism is a superb introduction to and critical overview of the problem of contemporary egalitarian theories. It explains how rival theories of egalitarianism evaluate distributions of people's well-being, and carefully assesses the theoretical structure of each theory. It also examines how egalitarian theories are applied to the distribution of health and health care, thus bringing a deceptively complex philosophical debate into clear focus. Beginning with a brief introduction to basic terminology, Iwao Hirose examines the following topics:

• Rawlsian egalitarianism
• luck egalitarianism
• telic egalitarianism
• prioritarianism
• sufficientarianism
• equality and time
• equality in health and health care
• relational egalitarianism.

This second edition has been revised and updated throughout, including extensive revisions to the chapters on sufficientarianism, taking into account new developments and arguments concerning inequality between different generations; and to the chapter on equality and time, concerning the separability of time. There is also an entirely new chapter on relational egalitarianism.

Including chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary, Egalitarianism is an ideal starting point for anyone studying distributive justice for the first time, and will also be of interest to more advanced students and researchers in philosophy, economics, political theory, public policy, and public health.