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1. Introdudion This volume collects together the refereed versions of 25 papers presented at the 5th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop (NCPW5), held at the University of Birmingham from the 8th until the lOth of September 1998. The NCPW is a well-established, lively forum, which brings together researchers from a range of disciplines (artificial intelligence, mathematics, cognitive science, computer science, neurobiology, philosophy and psychology), all of whom are interested in the application of neurally-inspired (connectionist) models to topics in psychology. The theme of the 5th workshop in the series was Connectionist models in cognitive neuroscience', and the workshop aimed to bring together papers focused on the inter-relations between functional (psychological) accounts of cognition and neural accounts of underlying brain processes, linked by connectionist models. From the very beginnings of modern psychology, with the work of William James and his contemporaries, researchers have believed it important to relate behavioural analyses to neurological underpinnings. However, with the advent of connectionist modelling, where models are at least inspired by neuronal processes, this enterprise has received a new boost. With this volume, we hope that this volume adds one further mosaic stone to this ambitious objective, of unifying functional and neuronal accounts of performance.