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This book discusses future biotechnological strategies for plant species conservation and further modification to improve yield and quality characteristics. Food security issues that arise from an increasing global population can potentially be resolved through the sustainable use of plant genetic resources and its conservation. The diversity found in plant genetic resources is important factors of improvement. It is well known that genetic diversity is necessary for existence of plant species in their natural habitats. It depends on various environmental parameters which regulate the allele number on the genome loci. Therefore, in order to develop effective management plans for the plant species conservation, it is crucial to comprehend the genetic makeup of those species from their natural habitat. Assessing the species genetic diversity is crucial for both gene editing and conservation. Technological advancements in the field of biotechnology, including molecular markers, in vitro culture, DNA banking, and cryopreservation have significantly improved the strategies for the efficient conservation of endangered and rare and plant genetic resources. It is possible for scientists to search for novel genes and their products with this method of conserving biological information. Academics studying, teaching, or conducting research in the fields of biotechnology, plant science, and environmental science find the book particularly interesting.