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This volume on ancient Greek synchronic etymology offers a set of papers evidencing the cultural significance of etymological commitment in ancient and medieval literature. It continues a collective work (begun in a first volume under the same title) of reflection on, and valorization of the significance, development and impact of the Greek etymologizing thought. The three sections illustrate the variety of approaches to the same object, which was much more than a technical way of studying language for Greek writers. Contributions focus on the functions of etymology as they were intended by the authors according to their own aims. The wide range of genres and authors and the interplay between theoretical reflection and applied practice demonstrate the importance of etymology in Greek culture. The studies proposed here show how versatile the uses of etymology are in ancient texts, appearing both technical and inspired, literary and philosophical, serious and playful, lexicological and conceptual. Part of them deals with the link and difference between etymology and etiology. The work is of special interest to scholars on etymology in ancient Greek scholarship and on more general issues in lexicology, semiology, and folk-etymology.