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The theory of differential identities in associative rings and algebras is the basis of this monograph. Informally, an identical relation involving arbitrary elements in the underlying rings (or algebras) along with the unknown differential function is called a differential identity in a ring (or algebra). Invariant theory, non-commutative geometry, mathematical physics, and the theory of rings and algebras are just a few of the fields where this abstract theory has proved to be an effective instrument for solving a wide range of challenging issues, and as the twenty-first century has arrived, the theory of differential identities has found enormous applications in resolving a number of unresolved problems in the theory of rings. This volume summarizes the findings and approaches that have significantly advanced the field during the previous three decades. The first chapter provides a brief introduction to the topic. The following three chapters cover the various kinds of derivations in rings and algebras as well as the interactions between the structure of some classes of rings with involution and the behavior of the underlying derivations, generalized derivations, skew derivations, and b-generalized derivations, as well as their corresponding properties. Chapter 5 explores the characterization of several kinds of higher derivable mappings and the structure of Lie and Jordan-type higher derivations. Although the book contains numerous applications of the conclusions presented in these chapters, the last chapter mostly focuses on the application of derivations. This research monograph is useful for researchers working in the area of differential identities in rings and algebras. It provides a comprehensive and authoritative account of research findings.