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L’arbitrage international est sans doute l’objet le plus meconnu du droit depuis la Deuxieme Guerre mondiale, quand bien meme de nombreux ouvrages s’attelant a le decrire auront ete publies au XXIe siecle. Cependant, les auteurs se contentent tres souvent de commenter les articles de tel et tel reglement, sans jamais se poser la moindre question sur les ressorts de l’institution. La chose n’a pourtant rien d’anodin, car l’ecrasante majorite des echanges commerciaux et des transactions liees aux ressources naturelles passe par des arbitrages prives, non par des tribunaux etatiques. C’est ce que vise ainsi cet ouvrage : comprendre le phenomene de l’arbitrage pour ensuite tenter d’en decouvrir les veritables fondements, le tout en restaurant l’idee meme d’autorite, devoyee depuis maintenant plusieurs siecles. International arbitration has been the most misunderstood area of Law since World War II, despite the many 21st century writings attempting to describe it. However, authors usually merely comment on the various articles of a precise arbitration regulation, without really taking the time to question the inner workings of the arbitral paradigm as a whole. And yet, said paradigm is far from anecdotal given how the crushing majority of commercial exchanges and energy-related transactions is ruled by arbitration. This is precisely what this book is aimed at: to understand the arbitral phenomenon in order to then question it and attempt to discover its foundations, mostly through a restored conception of authority, which has been seriously misconstrued for the past centuries and counting.