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In Pope Francis, Marriage, and Same-Sex Civil Unions: Foundations for the Organic Development of Catholic Sexual Doctrine, Todd A. Salzman and Michael G. Lawler argue for the organic development of Catholic sexual teaching to recognize the morality and sacramentality of opposite-sex and same-sex marriage. They do so on the basis of Pope Francis' support of the legal protection of same-sex civil unions, "new pastoral methods," theological anthropological, and ethical methodological developments. To that end, the authors consider the historical development in the Catholic tradition of sexual and marital ethics; the impact of virtue ethics, emphasis on the authority and inviolability of an informed conscience, and a revised understanding of sexual complementarity on defining human dignity and the method for doing Catholic ethics; the sacramental nature of opposite-sex marriage as an upper-case Sacrament and same-sex marriage as a lower-case sacrament; the widespread and growing phenomenon of cohabitation before marriage where couples grow into the ideal of marriage; and sociological and experiential data that supports the overwhelming positive impact on children of opposite-sex and same-sex parents. All of these issues are considered in the light of the theological and pastoral changes that Pope Francis is introducing, with widespread support and minority opposition, into the Catholic tradition.