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A collection of essays seeking to establish Roman constructions of sexuality and gender difference as a distinct area of research, complementing work already done on Greece, in an attempt to present a fuller picture of ancient sexuality. By applying feminist critical tools to forms of public discourse, including literature, history, law, medicine, and political oratory, the essays explore the hierarchy of power reflected in most Roman sexual relations, where noblemen acted as the penetrators, and women, boys and slaves the penetrated. In many cases, the authors show how these roles could be inverted, in ways that revealed citizens' anxieties during the days of the early Empire, when traditional power structures seemed threatened.