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This text aims to uncover certain features of the future of Karelia, which is partly situated in Russia and partly in Finland. The authors believe that this can be done by studying in-depth the opinions, values, norms, beliefs, fears and hopes of young people living in two neighbouring but profoundlly different societies - Russia and Finland. Young people are constructing these societies in the 20th century. This book is based on a comparative research project, financed by the Academy of Finland, which was carried out during 1995-97 by an international, interdisciplinary research group. The book is based on the use of different research methods and theoretical standpoints. One of the crucial questions raised by the book concerns the applicability of "Western" theories in research into Russian society and people. The analysis shows that many of the concepts applied frequently in Western social sciences do not apply in research relating to Russian specific culture. The book proposes that more attention should be paid to the challenges of comparative research.