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This work is the report of a longitudinal study, conducted over a ten year period, of the influence of family relationships and genetic factors on competence and psychopathology in adolescent development. The sample for this landmark study included 720 pairs of same-sex adolescent siblings - including twins, half siblings, and genetically unrelated siblings 0 and their parents. Using a clear expressive style, David Reiss and his coinvestigators identify specific mechanism that link genetic factors and the social environment in psychological development. They propose a striking hypothesis: family relationships are crucial to the expression of genetic influences on a broad array of complex behaviours in adolescents. Moreover, this role of family relationships may be very specific: some genetic factors are linked to mother-child relationships, other to father-child relations, some to relationship warmth,while others are linked to relationship conflict or control. The specificity of these links suggests that family relationships may constitute a code for translating genetic influences into the ontogeny of behaviours, a code every bit as important for behaviour as DNA-RNA.