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Travelling on a luxury liner early in 1963, the western world's most famous painting sailed across the Atlantic on its maiden voyage to the USA. President John F. Kennedy officially welcomed the "Mona Lisa" for her stay in the capital and New York. In two months almost two million Americans came to admire the French treasure. The goodwill generated by the loan eased US-French relations, which had soured over tensions stemming from the Cold War. The mastermind behind this triumphant tour was France's newly appointed minister of cultural affairs, Andre Malraux. In this work, Herman Lebovics recounts how Malraux's foray into the realm of diplomacy was just one example of his efforts to employ France's cultural heritage in the service of a renewed national grandeur. Malraux's cabinet position was created in 1959 by Charles de Gaulle, who entered his presidency deeply concerned over unravelling social cohesion at home and the nation's weak standing abroad. To help him address these problems, he turned to a paragon of the engage French intellectual. Malraux was an acclaimed novelist, a daring adventurer, a flamboyant anti-colonialist and one-time leftist, a courageous resistance leader and an inspired commentator on art. In his ten years as a cabinet minister, Malraux sought to "marry" the French people to their historic culture and to restore France to her place as artistic centre of the West. Lebovics examines the successes and failures of Malraux's career and the reactions of artists, the political class and the public to the French state's new engagement with the national culture.