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The commission, consisting of nine highly placed public officials, scientists, educators, science advisers and science writers, looked at science advising as a presidential question, rather than one of science policy. The core proposition of this report is that the president needs a strong system of science advising which includes a skilled chief science adviser assisted by well-qualified staff and with ready access to nongovernmental sources of advice and knowledge. Furthermore, the commission recommends that a new president consider a spectrum of possible roles for this very flexible staff position and select the roles that best satisfy his needs rather than accept a particular historical model of science advice. A major responsibility of a science adviser is to give the president access to the expertise he needs from the science and engineering community inside and outside government. Co-published with the Miller Center of Public Affairs.