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Heraclides of Pontus hailed from the shores of the Black Sea. He studied with Aristotle in Plato's Academy, and became a respected member of that school. During Plato's third trip to Sicily, Heraclides served as head of the Academy and was almost elected its head on the death of Speusippus. His interests were diverse. He wrote on the movements of the planets and the basic matter of the universe. He adopted a materialistic theory of soul, which he considered immortal and subject to reincarnation. He discussed pleasure, and like Aristotle, he commented on the Homeric poems. In addition, he concerned himself with religion, music, and medical issues. None of Heraclides' works have survived intact, but in antiquity his dialogues were much admired and often pillaged for sententiae and the like.

The volume contains a new edition of the sources for Heraclides' life and thought. The text is by Eckart Schutrumpf and the translation by Peter Stork, Jan van Ophuijsen, and Susan Prince. The discussion of the sources includes contributions by twelve scholars: "La Tradizione Papirologica di Eraclide Pontico" by Tiziano Dorandi; "Heraclides' Intellectual Context" by Jorgen Mejer; "Heraclides of Pontus and the Philosophical Dialogue" by Matthew Fox; "Heraclides on Pleasure" by Eckart Schutrumpf; "Heraclides on the Soul and Its Ancient Readers" by Inna Kupreeva; "Unjointed Masses: A Note on Heraclides Physical Theory" by Robert W. Sharples; "Heliocentrism in or out of Heraclides" by Paul T. Keyser; "The Reception of Heraclides' Theory of the Rotation of the Earth from Posidonius to Simplicius: Texts, Contexts and Continuities" by Robert B. Todd and Alan C. Bowen; "Heraclides of Pontus on the Motions of Venus and Mercury by Alan C. Bowen and Robert B. Todd; "The Woman Not Breathing" by Philip van der Eijk; "Heraclides of Pontus on Homer" by Malcolm Heath; and "Heraclides and Musical History" by Andrew Barker.